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Chapter 3 Lesson 2
The Terrestrial Planets
A. Expert - I have done a lot of reading in this area already.
B. Above Average - I have learned some information about this topic.
C. Moderate - I know a little about this topic.
D. Rookie - I already forgot what we talked about last week
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Chapter 3, Lesson 2
Lesson Overview
Know About
Earth
Mercury
Venus
Mars
Chapter 3 Lesson 2
Who discovered the Terrestrial Planets?
Chinese, Greeks, Romans…no one knows
Noticed bright lights “wandered” differently than
stars
So far no human has set foot on any other planet
But we have probes sent back photos/data
that greatly improve our understanding
The word Planet is Greek
for “wandering star” https://airandspace.si.edu
Chapter 3, Lesson 2
The View of Mercury
from Earth
Because Mercury is closest to the Sun you
can only see it shortly before dawn or after
dusk when the Sun is below the horizon
Chapter 3, Lesson 2
Mercury’s Rotation and Orbit
Around the Sun
Smallest planet roughly the size of the Atlantic Ocean
Mercury has the quickest orbit, circles the Sun quickly (88 days)
Mercury rotates on its axis once every 59 Earth day
The planet rotates one and a half times for every time it goes around the Sun
Strong gravity results in smaller craters and less debris spread from meteorites
Mercury is the fastest planet
traveling at 107,000 MPH
Chapter 3 Lesson 2
Mercury
Chapter 3, Lesson
The View of Venus from
Earth
The second closest planet to the Sun
Except for the Sun and Moon, it’s the brightest planet in the sky During WWII fighter pilots
sometimes shot a Venus confusing it with enemy planes
It is visible only in the evening after sunset and in the morning sky before sunrise
Courtesy of NASA/JPL
Chapter 3, Lesson 2
Venus’s Density and
Magnetic Field
Venus is often called Earth’s sister planet
Diameter is 95 percent of Earth’s
Mass is 82 percent of Earth’s
Its orbit is located closest to the Earth
Density 5.24 times that of water
• Similar density as Earth-5.52)
Slow rotation of 243 days
Orbits sun in 225 days
Chapter 3, Lesson 2
Venus’s Rotation and
Orbit Around the Sun
More circular orbit than any other planet
Venus rotates backwards
While all eight planets revolve around
the Sun in a counterclockwise fashion,
Venus and Uranus are the only two that
rotate in a clockwise fashion
Chapter 3, Lesson 2
Venus’s Surface and
Atmosphere
All of Venus is drier than the driest desert on Earth
Venus has about a thousand craters
Venus has an atmosphere made up of about 96 percent carbon dioxide, 3.5 percent nitrogen and small amounts of water and sulfuric acid
Atmosphere is full of corrosive substances that can dissolve lead
Courtesy of NASA/JPL
Venus
Chapter 3 Lesson 2
Chapter 3, Lesson 2
Mars…the Red Planet
Opposition—when a
planet is directly opposite
the Sun in the sky (from
earth’s perspective)
The best time to look at
Mars
Mars is in opposition about
every 2.2 years 13 Oct 2020
07 Dec 2022
15 Jan 2025
19 Feb 2027
Courtesy of NASA/ESA/The
Hubble Heritage Team,
STScI/AURA/J. Bell, Cornell
University/M. Wolff, Space
Science Institute
Courtesy of NASA
Courtesy of
inthesky.org
Opposition
Chapter 3 Lesson 2
Courtesy of NASA
https://www.universetoday.com/wp-
content/uploads/2016/05/Mars-at-opposition.jpg
Chapter 3, Lesson 2
Mars’ Density and Magnetic Field
Diameter about half of the Earth’s
Mass is only one-tenth that of Earth
Scientists calculate that Mars’ density is
3.93 times that of water, about 0.7 of
Earth’s density
Mars rotates almost as quickly as Earth
Chapter 3, Lesson 2
Mars’ Density and Magnetic
Field, cont.
Mars doesn’t have a magnetic field
Mars probably lost its magnetic field about 4 billion years ago
The Sun’s solar wind erodes Mars’ atmosphere and contributes to its loss of water Courtesy of ESA/DRL/FU Berlin
(G. Neukum)
Water/ice near Mar’s North Pole
Chapter 3, Lesson 2
Mars’ Surface and
Atmosphere
Olympus Mons is the largest known mountain
in the Solar System
15 miles high
Liquid water played an important role in
shaping the planet’s surface
Thin atmosphere reason for extreme difference
in temperature
Courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech
Dry Riverbed on mars
Mars
Chapter 3 Lesson 2
A. Mars
B. Mercury
C. Earth
D. Venus
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A. Mars
B. Mercury
C. Moon
D. Venus
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A. During Earth’s winter solstice
B. When Mars is in opposition
C. At the beginning of Earth’s fall equinox
D. During Mars’s summer
A. Earth
B. Mars
C. Mercury
D. Venus
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A. Solar winds
B. Sulfuric acid
C. Iron and sulfur
D. Gravitational pull
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What drives people to explore?
If you got the chance to visit space, where would you want to go and
why?
Note to Instructors: Click the Show/Hide Response Display Button
Summary
Mercury
Venus
Mars
Chapter 3, Lesson 2
Next…
Done – The
Terrestrial Planets
Next – The Outer
Planets
Chapter 3, Lesson 2 Courtesy of Amy Simon (Cornell U.),
Reta Beebe (NMSU), Heidi Hammel
(Space Science Institute, MIT)
Chapter 3, Lesson 2
Activity 2: Comparing Earth to
the Terrestrial Planets
Using your text (pages 95-112), complete
the table comparing Earth to the
Terrestrial planets
Then answer the reflection questions
Be prepared to share your answers