Chapter 3

Properties of Matter

Section 1: What is matter?

Vocabulary

• Matter• Volume• Meniscus• Mass• Weight

Vocabulary

• Matter – Anything that has mass and takes up space

• Volume– Amount of space an object takes up

• Meniscus– Curve at a liquid’s surface

Vocabulary

• Mass– Amount of matter in an object

• Weight– Measure of the gravitational force on an

object

Matter and Volume

• All matter takes up space (volume)• No two objects can occupy the same

space at the same time

Matter and Volume

• Liter (L) is the SI unit for volume• Small liquids are measured in

milliliters (mL)– 1 L = 1,000 mL

• All liquid is measure in L or mL

Matter and Volume

• Measuring liquid– Use a graduated cylinder– Accuracy matters!

Matter and Volume

• Read volume at the meniscus

Get Eye Level

Matter and Volume

• Solid objects measured in cubic units– Cubic = having 3 dimensions

• Cubic meters -- m³• Cubic centimeters -- cm³• Volume = (length) (width) (height)

Matter and Volume

• Irregular shaped objects– Use water displacement to find volume

Matter and Volume

• Water displacement1. Measure starting water amount2. Place object inside graduated cylinder3. Re-measure water amount4. Take difference

Matter and Volume

• Solid objects ALWAYS measured in cubic units– cm³

• Water displacement measures mL• Remember….. – 1 mL = 1 cm³

• So…. Convert mL reading to cm³

Matter and Mass

• Mass never changes based on location– Only if amount of matter changes• Ex: You lose weight• Ex: you cut a piece of wood in ½

• Weight is amount of gravitational force– Changes based upon object’s location in

the universe

Matter and Mass

• Mass measured in grams (g) or kilograms (kg)– 1 kg = 1,000 grams

• Weight measured in newton (N)

Weight measured by spring scale

Mass measured by balance scale

Matter and Mass

Section 2: Physical Properties

Vocabulary

• Physical property• Density• Physical change

Vocabulary

• Physical property– Characteristic of a substance that does not

involve a chemical change• Density – Amount of matter in a given volume

• Physical change– A change of matter from one form to another

form without a change in chemical properties

Identifying Physical Properties

• Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing its identity– Looking at ball’s color– Measuring the ball’s volume

Identifying Physical Properties

• Examples…–Color– Size– Texture / feel–Magnetism– Flexibility– Smell

Identifying Physical Properties• More examples–Ductility• Ability to be pulled into wires–metal

–Malleability• Ability to be pounded into shapes–Metal – think aluminum into various

shapes/containers

• State– Solid, liquid, gas

• Solubility– Ability to dissolve

• Thermal conductivity– Rate which a substances transfers heat

Identifying Physical Properties

Identifying Physical Properties

• Density– Must have a unit of measurement!• g / cm³ -- for solids• g / mL -- for liquids

– Density is constant• If you double the volume of an object,

then it’s mass always doubled

Identifying Physical Properties

Identifying Physical Properties

• Density and Floating / Sinking– Water density = 1 g / mL– If object density greater than 1 g / mL, then

it will sink– If object density less than 1 g / mL, then it

will float

• Find the Density– Object with mass of 42 g and volume of

12 cm³

Identifying Physical Properties

Physical Change: NO NEW Substance

• A change that affects a physical property is a physical change– Twisting a paper clip– Sanding a piece of wood

Physical Change: No new substance

• Most physical changes are reversible• Classic example– Water ice– Ice water– Water steam– Steam water

• Physical changes do not change the identity of the substance

Section 3: Chemical Properties

Vocabulary

• Chemical property– Describes a substance’s ability to participate in

chemical reactions• Chemical change– Occurs when one or more substances change

into an entirely new substance

Identifying Chemical Properties

• Chemical properties describe matters ability to change into a NEW substance

• Examples:– Reactivity• Ability to change into a new substance

– Flammability• Ability to burn

Identifying Chemical Properties

• Physical or chemical property?– physical = something to be observed• Touch, feel, look, weight, smell, etc

– Chemical = composition of matter • Harder to see

Identifying Chemical Properties

• Physical or Chemical?

Identifying Chemical Properties

• Physical or Chemical?

Chemical Changes & New Substance

• Chemical change is the process• Chemical properties describe what

chemical changes will take place

Chemical Changes & New Substance

• Signs of a chemical change– Change of color– Change of odor– Fizz or foam– Light being given off

Chemical Changes & New Substance

• Chemical changes almost always involve heat– Losing heat – exothermic– Gaining heat -- endothermic

Physical vs Chemical Changes

• Physical changes do not changes the substances composition– Ice water steam• It’s all H₂O

• Chemical changes do change the composition because it’s a new substance

Physical vs Chemical Changes

• Most physical changes are easily undone

• Chemical changes are almost impossible to reverse– Think a firework explosion