chapter 3 section 1 solids, liquids, and gases - bcsoh.org 23, 2013 chapter 3 section 1 solids,...
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September 23, 2013
Chapter 3 Section 1 Solids, Liquids, and
Gases
**Materials can be classified as solids, liquids, or gases based on whether their shapes and volumes are definite or variable.
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SOLIDS:
• Have a definite shape and volume • Particles are close together and held tightly
How the atoms in a solid would appear
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LIQUIDS:
• Have a definite volume but change shape
• Particles are close together, but not held as
tightly as a solid.
How the atoms in a liquid would appear
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GASES:
• No definite shape or volume
How the atoms in a gas would appear
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PLASMA: (the other state of matter)
• No definite shape• Conducts electric current • Common in stars• Harmful to living things (too much energy)• 99% of matter is in plasma state
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Kinetic Energy:The energy of motion
Kinetic Theory of Matter:Says that all particles of matter are in constant motion.
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Behavior of Gases:
Particles in a gas are never at rest.
The constant motion of particles in a gas allows a gas to fill a container of any shape or size.
There are forces of attraction among the particles in all matter.
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Kinetic Theory of Gases:
2. The motion of one particle is unaffected by the motion of other particles unless the particles collide
3. Forces of attraction among particles in a gas can be ignored under ordinary conditions.
1. Particles in a gas are in constant, random motion
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Kinetic Theory of Gases:
2. The motion of one particle is unaffected by the motion of other particles unless the particles collide
3. Forces of attraction among particles in a gas can be ignored under ordinary conditions.
1. Particles in a gas are in constant, random motion
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Behavior of Liquids:
A liquid takes the shape of its container becauseparticles in a liquid can flow to new locations. The volume of a liquid is constant because forces of attraction keep the particles close together.
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Behavior of Solids:
Solids have a definite volume and shape because particles in a solid vibrate around fixed locations.
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Behavior of Solids:
Solids have a definite volume and shape because particles in a solid vibrate around fixed locations.
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Pressure Is the result of a force distributed over
an area.
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Factors That Affect Gas Pressure1.) Temperature
Raising the temperature of a gas will increase its pressure of the volume of the gas if the number of particles are constant.
2.) VolumeReducing the volume of a gas increases its pressure if
the temperature of the gas and the number of particles are constant
3.) Number of ParticlesIncreasing the number of particles will
increase the pressure of a gas if the temperature and the volume are constant.
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Phase ChangeThe reversible physical change that occurs
when a substance changes from one state of matter to another.
The temperature of a substance does not change during a phase change
During a phase change, energy is either absorbed or released
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EndothermicThe system absorbs energy from its surroundings
Examples: melting, vaporization, sublimation
ExothermicThe system releases energy to its surroundings
Examples: freezing, deposition, condensation
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Phase Changes:Melting - SOLID to LIQUIDFreezing - LIQUID to SOILD
Vaporization - LIQUID to GAS (Evaporation & Boiling)
Condensation - GAS to LIQUID Ex: Dew
Sublimation - SOLID to GAS Ex: dry iceDeposition - GAS to SOLID Ex: frost