chapter 3 section 4 origins of judaism. ch 3 section 4: “the origins of judaism” (pp. 72-76)...
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Chapter 3 Section 4Origins of Judaism
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)Reading Guide
1. The area of Palestine called _________was the ancient home of the ____________, later called the Jews. 1. Find Canaan on the map on page 73.
What nation is found at this location today?
CanaanHebrews
Israel1. The history, legends, and moral laws of the Jews have been a major influence on
Western culture, and began a tradition also
shared by Christianity and Islam.
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)Reading Guide
1. The area of Palestine called _________was the ancient home of the ____________, later called the Jews. 1. Find Canaan on the map on page 73.
What nation is found at this location today?
CanaanHebrews
Israel1. The history, legends, and moral laws of the Jews have been a major influence on
Western culture, and began a tradition also
shared by Christianity and Islam. 1. Give two reasons why the location of Palestine was so important:
By land, it connected the continents of Africa and Asia.Its seaports opened onto the most important waterways, the Mediterranean Sea & Red Sea.
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)Reading Guide
1. The area of Palestine called _________was the ancient home of the ____________, later called the Jews. 1. Find Canaan on the map on page 73.
What nation is found at this location today?
CanaanHebrews
Israel1. The history, legends, and moral laws of the Jews have been a major influence on
Western culture, and began a tradition also
shared by Christianity and Islam. 1. Give two reasons why the location of Palestine was so important:
By land, it connected the continents of Africa and Asia.Its seaports opened onto the most important waterways, the Mediterranean Sea & Red Sea.
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)Reading Guide
5. According to their sacred literature, the _______, Canaan (Palestine) was the land promised to them by God.
1. Jews call the first five books of the Bible the _______. (Today ___________also respect these sacred writings as part of the Old Testament of their Bible.)
7. As in other sacred literatures, the books of the Torah describe both Some events that really happened, and Stories told to ______________________(etiological stories)
Bible
TorahChristians
teach important lessons
TORAH = Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)Reading Guide
8. _________was chosen by God to be the “father” of the Hebrew people and promised to give him land (Canaan). 9. Where did Abraham live? 10. When did Abraham move his people to Canaan? 11. When did Abraham’s descendents move again, this time to Egypt?
Abraham
Ur, in Mesopotamia.
Around 2000 B.C.
Around 1650 B.C.
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)Reading Guide
12. How many gods did the Hebrews (and still Jews today) have? Does this make them polytheistic or monotheistic?
13. What did the Hebrews (Jews) name their God? 14. In what ways did the Hebrews belief in their God differ from other
peoples of the time?
One
Monotheistic (worship of 1 god)
Yahweh
•a.) only 1 God, others were polytheistic. •b.) Not associated with any 1 place, could go wherever they went. •c.) Believed their god, the one and only, was over all peoples, • not just them.•d.) Yahweh was not physical, • could not make any physical images of God
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)Reading Guide
15. The Hebrews believed that Abraham and God had entered a ________________, which is a mutual promise or contract. 1. Why did the Hebrews migrate to Egypt in the first place?
17. Once in Egypt, what happened to them?
18. When did the Hebrew “exodus” take place?
covenant
Because of a drought / famine in their land
They were forced into slavery.
The Hebrews fled Egypt
around 1300-1200 B.C.
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)Reading Guide
1. When did the Hebrew “exodus” take place?
19. Today Jews celebrate the festival of ________ to remember the Exodus from Egypt.
20. Who led the Hebrews out of slavery in Egypt? 21. After leaving Egypt, the Hebrews wandered for years
in the Desert.
The Hebrews fled Egypt around 1300-1200 B.C.
Passover
MOSES
fortySinai
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)Reading Guide
21. After leaving Egypt, the Hebrews wandered for forty years in the Sinai Desert. 22. While there, Moses climbed to the top of Mt. Sinai and brought the Ten Commandments down from the mountain and delivered them to the people. 23. In this covenant, God promised to protect the Hebrews if they obeyed his laws. 24. Look at the Ten Commandments on p. 74. 1 – 5 are concerned with
6 – 10 deal with
the people’s relationship with God.
the people’s relationship with one another.
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)Reading Guide
1. After wandering in the desert, where did the Hebrews return to settle down?
26. The Hebrews were organized into when they arrived in Canaan.
Were these self-governing? Or controlled by one ruler? 27 In times of emergency they were united and led by , one of the most prominent of whom was a woman named
1. The 10 Commandments were part of a more detailed code of law resembling ’s Code. However, how did the Hebrew law differ?
1. The Hebrew prophets emphasized both “right conduct” and “worshipping only
one God.” This type of religion is more specifically known as what?
30. Eventually only the largest tribe, the tribe of Judah, would dominate. That is why
the Hebrews came to be called and their religion is known as
Canaan
twelve tribesSelf-governing
judgesDeborah.
Hammurabi Hammurabi’s strict laws were softened by expressions of God’s mercy and forgiveness.
Ethical Monotheism
Jews Judaism
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)Reading Guide
31. From 1020 – 922 B.C. the Hebrew tribes united under 3 kings and the new kingdom was called Israel 32. Which of the three kings established Jerusalem as the capital? 33. Who was the most powerful of the Hebrew kings? What did he build?
This is an artist's approximation of what King Solomon's Temple looked like when it was originally constructed. The building of the Temple kicked off massive construction efforts during Solomon's reign that resulted in the erection of many royal and public buildings. The Temple, however, remained the center of Jerusalem until its initial destruction in the sixth century B.C. by the Babylonians. Rebuilt and then destroyed a second time by the Romans in 79 A.D.
David
SolomonA great temple
(Saul, David, and Solomon)
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)Reading Guide
31. From 1020 – 922 B.C. the Hebrew tribes united under 3 kings and the new kingdom was called Israel 32. Which of the three kings established Jerusalem as the capital? 33. Who was the most powerful of the Hebrew kings? What did he build?
This is an artist's approximation of what King Solomon's Temple looked like when it was originally constructed. The building of the Temple kicked off massive construction efforts during Solomon's reign that resulted in the erection of many royal and public buildings. The Temple, however, remained the center of Jerusalem until its initial destruction in the sixth century B.C. by the Romans.
David
SolomonA great temple
(Saul, David, and Solomon)
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)Reading Guide
34. After Solomon’s death the kingdom divided in two. was in the north and was in the south. 35. In 738 B.C., both kingdoms began paying a - a peace money paid by weaker powers to a stronger power, to the mighty Assyrian empire. (Locate Assyria on the map, p. 73) 36. But by B.C. the whole northern kingdom of Israel had fallen to the Assyrians. 37. The southern kingdom of Judah fell years later to the Babylonians.
Israel Judah
tribute
722
150
38. After the Babylonians conquered the Jews, what happened to the survivors?
Taken back to Babylon in exile.
CH 3 Section 4: “The Origins of Judaism” (pp. 72-76)Reading Guide
36. But by B.C. the whole northern kingdom of Israel had fallen to the Assyrians. 37. The southern kingdom of Judah fell years later to the Babylonians.
722
150
38. After the Babylonians conquered the Jews, what happened to the survivors?
Taken back to Babylon in exile.
1. How many years before the Jews in exile were allowed to return to their homeland?
40. Will the Jews be able to take control of Palestine for good?
Other empires will rise and fall in the future taking control of ancient Palestine as well as the future destiny of the Jewish people.
50 years
586 B.C.–Babylonians capture Judah – Babylonian Captivity.
722 B.C.–Assyrians conquer Israel.
922 B.C.–Kingdom weakens after splitting into Israel and Judah.
Solomon builds capital at Jerusalem, but his rule inspires revolts.
1000 B.C.–David unites Israelites into kingdom of Israel.
Israelites enter Canaan, the promised land.
Moses leads Israelites out of Egypt ~ the “Exodus” ~ receive the 10 Commandments
Famine forces Israelites to migrate to Egypt, where they are enslaved.
2000 B.C.–Abraham migrates from Ur in Mesopotamia to Canaan. He founds the Israelite nation. “Israel” = people of God.
Persians conquer Babylon and free the Jews from captivity.
Early History of the Israelites
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Teachings on Law and Morality
The laws of the Torah address all aspects of life, from cleanliness and food preparation to criminal matters.
Jews believe that God gave them a set of laws called the Ten Commandments.
Jewish prophets, or spiritual leaders, preached a code of ethics, or moral standards of behavior. For this reason it is a religion known as Ethical Monotheism.
Examples: • The rich and powerful must protect the poor and weak.• All people are equal under God.
Unlike many ancient people, the Jews believed their leaders were fully human and bound by God’s law.
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Videostreaming: Religions of the World: Judaism: Sacred Words of Judaism
SYMBOLS The Magen David (or as it is more commonly known, the Star of David) is the symbol most commonly associated with Judaism today, but it is actually a relatively new Jewish symbol. It is supposed to represent the shape of King David's shield (or perhaps the emblem on it), but there is really no support for that claim in any rabbinic literature. In fact, the symbol is so rare in early Jewish literature and artwork that art dealers suspect forgery if they find the symbol in early works. Some note that the top triangle strives upward, toward God, while the lower triangle strives downward, toward the real world. Some note that the intertwining makes the triangles inseparable, like the Jewish people. Some note that there are actually 12 sides (3 exterior and 3 interior on each triangle), representing the 12 tribes of Israel. While these theories are theologically interesting, they have little basis in historical fact. The symbol of intertwined equilateral triangles is actually a common one in the Middle East and North Africa, and is thought to bring good luck. It appears occasionally in early Jewish artwork, but never as an exclusively Jewish symbol. The nearest thing to an "official" Jewish symbol at the time was the menorah.
The Magen David gained popularity again as a symbol of Judaism when it was adopted as the emblem of the Zionist movement in 1897, but the symbol continued to be controversial for many years afterward. Whenthe modern state of Israel was founded in 1949, there was much debate over whether this symbol should be used on the flag.