chapter 3: states of matter. states of matter materials can be classified as solids, liquids, or...
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Solids Solid is the state of matter in which materials have a definite shape and a definite volume. Have a particular arrangement of atoms packed tightly togetherTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 3: States of Matter
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States of Matter
• Materials can be classified as solids, liquids, or gases based on whether their shapes and volumes are definite or variable.
• Three main types– Solids– Liquids– Gases
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Solids
• Solid is the state of matter in which materials have a definite shape and a definite volume.
• Have a particular arrangement of atoms packed tightly together
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Solids
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Liquid
• A liquid is a form of matter that has a definite volume, but an indefinite shape.
• A liquid will take on the same shape as its container.
• Atoms are loosely connected in a liquid.
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Liquid
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Gas
• A gas is the state of matter in which a material has neither a definite shape or a definite volume.
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Gas
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Solid, Liquid, Gas
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Other States of Matter
• Plasma-gases heated near 10,000 degrees celsius
• Nice work, Einstein– Groups of atoms behave as a single particle at
temperatures below -273 degrees celsius.– Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC)
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Kinetic Theory
• Kinetic- to move
• All matter is made of…?
• Atoms are constantly in motion.
• Temperature determines how fast atoms move!
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Kinetic Theory
• Kinetic energy is the energy an object has due to its motion.
• The faster an object moves, the greater its kinetic energy.
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Kinetic Theory
• The kinetic theory states that all particles of matter are in constant motion.
• Theory helps explain the behavior of solids, liquids, and gases at varying temperatures.
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Kinetic Theory
Explaining the behavior of Gases• Average speed of a particle of gas is 1600 Km
per hour!!• Atoms will hit each other and transfer kinetic
energy.• THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF KINETIC ENERGY WILL
REMAIN THE SAME!!!
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Kinetic Theory of Gases
• The constant motion of particles in a gas allows a gas to fill a container of any shape or size.
• The particles in a gas are in constant, random motion.
• Motion of one particle is unaffected unless two particles collide.
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Kinetic Theory of Liquids
• Why does a liquid not act like a gas?
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Kinetic Theory of Liquids
• Particles in a liquid are MUCH closer than in that of a gas.
• Particles move MUCH slower than that of a gas
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Kinetic Theory of Liquids
• Liquid particles can flow to new locations.
• Volume of a liquid is constant because forces of attraction keep the particles together.
• FORCES OF ATTRACTION BETWEEN PARTICLES IS GREAT IN A LIQUID.
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Kinetic Theory of Solids
• Why does a solid not act like a liquid?
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Kinetic Theory of Solids
• Particles of solids are in a relatively fixed position.
• Particles are in solid vibrations around fixed locations.
• Particles do not flow, their speed is the SLOWEST of all states of matter.