Chapter 3Chapter 3

The 13 ColoniesThe 13 Colonies

F.O.A. (Bellwork)F.O.A. (Bellwork)

Turn in your homework (one paragraph on Turn in your homework (one paragraph on commercial economy and one on commercial economy and one on sustinence farming)sustinence farming)

What states are in the South?What states are in the South? Name the 13 coloniesName the 13 colonies What’s a good way to remember the 13 What’s a good way to remember the 13

colonies?colonies?

There's a cow named Georgia (georgia)There's a cow named Georgia (georgia)IT's a Jersey cow (new jersey)IT's a Jersey cow (new jersey)She's sitting on top the empire state building ( New She's sitting on top the empire state building ( New York)York)Singing a couple of christmas carols (n & s Carolina)Singing a couple of christmas carols (n & s Carolina)Under her arm is a Virginia Ham (virginia and New Under her arm is a Virginia Ham (virginia and New Hamshire)Hamshire)The cow is wearing yellow underwear (rhymes with The cow is wearing yellow underwear (rhymes with delaware)delaware)In its hoof is a pencil (pennsylvania)In its hoof is a pencil (pennsylvania)The cow is making a coonect-the-dots drawing The cow is making a coonect-the-dots drawing (connecticut)(connecticut)of Marilyn Monroe (maryland)of Marilyn Monroe (maryland)Walking down a road (rhode island)Walking down a road (rhode island)Going to mass (massachusetts)Going to mass (massachusetts)

Section 1Section 1

The Southern ColoniesThe Southern Colonies

Jamestown, VAJamestown, VA

Founded in 1607 by the London CompanyFounded in 1607 by the London Company Joint-stock companyJoint-stock company

The oldest permanent English settlement The oldest permanent English settlement in North Americain North America

Many of the first settlers died due to Many of the first settlers died due to starvation, disease, and inexperiencestarvation, disease, and inexperience

Jamestown, VAJamestown, VA

11stst good leader – good leader – John SmithJohn Smith Brought some stability; built a fortBrought some stability; built a fort

22ndnd good leader – good leader – John RolfeJohn Rolfe Married Married PocahantasPocahantas, introduced VA tobacco to , introduced VA tobacco to

England, and improved relations with the Powhatan England, and improved relations with the Powhatan IndiansIndians

Jamestown, VAJamestown, VA

In 1622, fighting broke out between the In 1622, fighting broke out between the Powhatan and the settlersPowhatan and the settlers Settlers couldn’t defend their territory, so their Settlers couldn’t defend their territory, so their

charter was revokedcharter was revoked Jamestown and all of VA were made into a Jamestown and all of VA were made into a

royal colony governed by the king of Englandroyal colony governed by the king of England

Daily Life in VADaily Life in VA

PlantationsPlantations Large farms where one crop was grownLarge farms where one crop was grown

Need for a strong labor forceNeed for a strong labor force Due to the large number of plantations, Due to the large number of plantations,

owners needed a large, steady workforceowners needed a large, steady workforce

Think about it. . .Page 74Think about it. . .Page 74Indentured

ServantSlave

Labor ForceLabor Force

Indentured servantsIndentured servants were the first major were the first major source of labor in VA.source of labor in VA. Agreed to work 4-7 years in exchange for a Agreed to work 4-7 years in exchange for a

ride to the VA colonyride to the VA colony Worked based on a contractWorked based on a contract Once the contract was up, the servant was Once the contract was up, the servant was

freed; many became successful and wealthyfreed; many became successful and wealthy Indentured servants were cheaper because Indentured servants were cheaper because

the master did not own themthe master did not own them

Labor ForceLabor Force

Slaves were also Slaves were also being sold in the VA being sold in the VA colonycolony Lifelong serviceLifelong service Involuntary serviceInvoluntary service No hope for freedom No hope for freedom More expensive More expensive

because buying a because buying a slave meant complete slave meant complete ownership of them.ownership of them.

Cause and Effect of Increased Cause and Effect of Increased Slave LaborSlave Labor

Cause – The demand for indentured Cause – The demand for indentured servants rose, but the supply was too servants rose, but the supply was too small.small.

Effect – As a result, many plantation Effect – As a result, many plantation owners began buying slaves to work on owners began buying slaves to work on their farms.their farms.

Nathaniel Bacon’s RebellionNathaniel Bacon’s Rebellion

Some Jamestown Some Jamestown settlers were upset settlers were upset with British taxes and with British taxes and kindness toward kindness toward IndiansIndians Nathaniel Bacon led a Nathaniel Bacon led a

rebellion where he first rebellion where he first attacked the Indians attacked the Indians and then burned most and then burned most of Jamestown of Jamestown ((Bacon’s RebellionBacon’s Rebellion))

Other Southern ColoniesOther Southern Colonies

Maryland (1632)Maryland (1632) Founded by Founded by Lord BaltimoreLord Baltimore as a safe colony for as a safe colony for

Catholics to worship freelyCatholics to worship freely Proprietary ColonyProprietary Colony

• Allowed settlers to govern themselves; had to obey British Allowed settlers to govern themselves; had to obey British laws as welllaws as well

Toleration Act of 1649Toleration Act of 1649• Made Maryland a center of religious freedom for all groupsMade Maryland a center of religious freedom for all groups

Carolina (1663)Carolina (1663) Originally one colony; got too big and became two Originally one colony; got too big and became two

colonies in 1712.colonies in 1712. Most NC settlers were from Virginia and were farmersMost NC settlers were from Virginia and were farmers SC was mainly settled by European farmers; became SC was mainly settled by European farmers; became

a a royal colonyroyal colony in 1729. in 1729.

Georgia (1732)Georgia (1732) Founded by James Oglethorpe as a Founded by James Oglethorpe as a penal colonypenal colony

• Created as a place where debtors could start a new lifeCreated as a place where debtors could start a new life At first, slavery and plantations were both outlawed in At first, slavery and plantations were both outlawed in

GeorgiaGeorgia• Settlers were unhappy with the system; in 1752 it became a Settlers were unhappy with the system; in 1752 it became a

royal colonyroyal colony• King George gave the settlers what they wanted; plantations King George gave the settlers what they wanted; plantations

and slavery were soon dominantand slavery were soon dominant

The Economy of the SouthThe Economy of the South

EconomyEconomy Southern colonies depended mostly upon Southern colonies depended mostly upon

AGRICULTURE and FARMING!!!AGRICULTURE and FARMING!!!

TOBACCO RICE INDIGO

Southern Economy and SlaverySouthern Economy and Slavery

The Southern need for agriculture demanded a The Southern need for agriculture demanded a large slave labor forcelarge slave labor force

By the 1700s, slaves were used more than By the 1700s, slaves were used more than indentured servantsindentured servants

The Southern states created The Southern states created slave codesslave codes Laws to control slavesLaws to control slaves Slaves could not hold meetings, learn to read or write, Slaves could not hold meetings, learn to read or write,

have weapons, and in some colonies masters could have weapons, and in some colonies masters could not free slavesnot free slaves

HomeworkHomework

Read pages 72-77.Read pages 72-77. Answer 1-4 all parts on page 77.Answer 1-4 all parts on page 77. Due tomorrow at the beginning of Due tomorrow at the beginning of

class.class. Counts as a quiz grade.Counts as a quiz grade.

Section 2Section 2The New England ColoniesThe New England Colonies

Religious FreedomReligious Freedom

Protestant Reformation resulted in the Church of Protestant Reformation resulted in the Church of EnglandEngland PuritansPuritans wanted to reform or “purify” the COE wanted to reform or “purify” the COE Separatists wanted to completely leave the COE; the Separatists wanted to completely leave the COE; the

PilgrimsPilgrims were one such group were one such group

PilgrimsPilgrims The Pilgrims first fled to The Pilgrims first fled to

Holland for religious Holland for religious freedomfreedom But they didn’t want their But they didn’t want their

kids growing up speaking kids growing up speaking Dutch, so. . .Dutch, so. . .

They received a charter to They received a charter to a start a new colony; rode a start a new colony; rode the Mayflower ship to VAthe Mayflower ship to VA Landed far north of VA in Landed far north of VA in

MassachusettsMassachusetts Plymouth RockPlymouth Rock

Mayflower CompactMayflower Compact Since they landed so far from their intended spot, Since they landed so far from their intended spot,

they ignored their charterthey ignored their charter Mayflower Compact Mayflower Compact -They agreed to govern themselves-They agreed to govern themselves

ThanksgivingThanksgiving Pilgrims received help from the local Indians in Pilgrims received help from the local Indians in

the form of food and shelterthe form of food and shelter SquantoSquanto Sometime around 1621 they sat down and celebrated Sometime around 1621 they sat down and celebrated

togethertogether

New England Life (Pilgrim Life)New England Life (Pilgrim Life)

The daily life of the Pilgrims in Mass. was The daily life of the Pilgrims in Mass. was farm/agriculture basedfarm/agriculture based

The center of daily life focused on the The center of daily life focused on the familyfamily Source of religion, healthcare, and Source of religion, healthcare, and

communicationcommunication Children were well-educatedChildren were well-educated Women had more legal rights than in EnglandWomen had more legal rights than in England

More MigrationMore Migration Heavy taxes, a bad Heavy taxes, a bad

economy, and economy, and religious persecution religious persecution forced thousands of forced thousands of other Puritans to flee other Puritans to flee England to AmericaEngland to America

Massachusetts Bay Massachusetts Bay ColonyColony Joint-stock company Joint-stock company

that settled in Boston; that settled in Boston; did very welldid very well

New England Religion and New England Religion and GovernmentGovernment

Religion – PROTESTANT!!!Religion – PROTESTANT!!! Government – Massachusetts had the first Government – Massachusetts had the first

bicameralbicameral legislature legislature

RELIGION AND GOVERNMENT WERE RELIGION AND GOVERNMENT WERE CLOSELY LINKED IN NEW ENGLAND!CLOSELY LINKED IN NEW ENGLAND! Gov’t leaders had to be church membersGov’t leaders had to be church members Ministers were viewed as leaders in societyMinisters were viewed as leaders in society Only male church members could voteOnly male church members could vote Gov’t leaders outlawed certain religious viewsGov’t leaders outlawed certain religious views Gov’t punished religious dissentersGov’t punished religious dissenters

Puritan officials praying at a government meeting

Not everyone agreed with this though. . .Not everyone agreed with this though. . . Thomas HookerThomas Hooker and Connecticut and Connecticut

Allowed non-church members to voteAllowed non-church members to vote ““Father of American Democracy”Father of American Democracy”

Roger WilliamsRoger Williams and and Anne HutchinsonAnne Hutchinson Religious dissenters from Massachusetts who left and Religious dissenters from Massachusetts who left and

founded colonies that would develop into Rhode founded colonies that would develop into Rhode IslandIsland

Witch TrialsWitch Trials

Mostly in Salem, MAMostly in Salem, MA

New England EconomyNew England Economy Small-scale farming; slavery not that Small-scale farming; slavery not that

importantimportant MerchantsMerchants – traded locally with Indians – traded locally with Indians

and with Englandand with England Fishing – due to large access to waterFishing – due to large access to water ShipbuildingShipbuilding Craftsmen – Craftsmen – blacksmithsblacksmiths, weaving, , weaving,

shipbuilding, printingshipbuilding, printing

New England EducationNew England Education

New Englanders saw great importance of New Englanders saw great importance of educationeducation

New England colonies had more schools New England colonies had more schools than other coloniesthan other colonies

Harvard UniversityHarvard University established in 1636 established in 1636

Ch. 3 Section 3Ch. 3 Section 3The Middle ColoniesThe Middle Colonies

New YorkNew York

First settled by the Dutch; called New Netherland First settled by the Dutch; called New Netherland (trading post for Dutch and Indians)(trading post for Dutch and Indians) Peter StuyvesantPeter Stuyvesant – 1 – 1stst leader leader

The English take it over without firing a shot in The English take it over without firing a shot in 16641664 New Netherland becomes New YorkNew Netherland becomes New York New Amsterdam becomes New York CityNew Amsterdam becomes New York City

New JerseyNew Jersey Becomes a colony shortly after the British Becomes a colony shortly after the British

conquest of New York in 1664conquest of New York in 1664

NY

NJ

Penn-sylvaniaPenn-sylvania

Founded by Founded by William PennWilliam Penn ProprietorProprietor of New Jersey of New Jersey Wanted a colony where Wanted a colony where QuakersQuakers could could

worship freelyworship freely• Did not hold formal religious meetingsDid not hold formal religious meetings• Dressed very plainlyDressed very plainly• Believed in equality between men and womenBelieved in equality between men and women• Nonviolent and religious toleranceNonviolent and religious tolerance

Penn limits his own power; creates an elected Penn limits his own power; creates an elected assembly to rule PAassembly to rule PA Great example of representative government (democratic Great example of representative government (democratic

republic)republic) Allowed citizens to control the governmentAllowed citizens to control the government

Delaware (1776)Delaware (1776)

PA

DE

Economy of the Middle ColoniesEconomy of the Middle Colonies Mixture of Southern and New England Mixture of Southern and New England

economieseconomies Farming – staple crops like wheat, barley, Farming – staple crops like wheat, barley,

oats; also raised livestockoats; also raised livestock Slaves were used on farms and in cities; Slaves were used on farms and in cities;

however, indentured servants were used however, indentured servants were used more.more.

Trading of fur and other goodsTrading of fur and other goods Women mostly worked in the homeWomen mostly worked in the home

• Some ran businesses, like bakeries or drugstoresSome ran businesses, like bakeries or drugstores