Chapter 3Chapter 3

The American Colonies The American Colonies Take ShapeTake Shape

Immigration and SlaveryImmigration and Slavery

Push – PullPush – Pull factors factors– Push – negative, causing you to leavePush – negative, causing you to leave– Pull – positive, drawing you to one areaPull – positive, drawing you to one area

Immigrants – Germany, Scotland, IrelandImmigrants – Germany, Scotland, Ireland Indentured ServantsIndentured Servants – passage paid in – passage paid in

return for work contractreturn for work contract Portugal - African slave tradePortugal - African slave trade

– Middle PassageMiddle Passage – journey from Africa– journey from Africa– Different languages and culturesDifferent languages and cultures– MOST went to West IndiesMOST went to West Indies– Strong immune systemStrong immune system

http://www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-of-us/videos/the-value-of-http://www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-of-us/videos/the-value-of-tobaccotobacco

Slavery cont.Slavery cont.

Triangular TradeTriangular Trade North – smallest North – smallest

number; farmhands, number; farmhands, dockworkers, house dockworkers, house servantsservants

Middle & South – Middle & South – tobacco, sugar, indigo, tobacco, sugar, indigo, ricerice

Phillis WheatleyPhillis Wheatley – Af. – Af. American poetAmerican poet

GovernmentGovernment English tradition of democracyEnglish tradition of democracy Magna CartaMagna Carta – 1215 – 1215

– Reduced power of kingReduced power of king– Needed consent of nobles to pass lawsNeeded consent of nobles to pass laws– Parliament – Parliament – bicameral legislaturebicameral legislature (2 houses) (2 houses)

Self ruleSelf rule in colonies – local govts., town meetings, etc. in colonies – local govts., town meetings, etc. 1689 – Glorious Revolution – William and Mary signed 1689 – Glorious Revolution – William and Mary signed

English Bill of RightsEnglish Bill of Rights– Guarantees freedoms from Magna CartaGuarantees freedoms from Magna Carta– Habeas CorpusHabeas Corpus – cannot hold someone w/out – cannot hold someone w/out

chargecharge– Jury TrialJury Trial

Economic RelationshipEconomic Relationship

Salutary NeglectSalutary Neglect – England trades with – England trades with colonies and allows self-rule (ignores)colonies and allows self-rule (ignores)

MercantilismMercantilism – System of trade – mother – System of trade – mother country exports goods in exchange for gold country exports goods in exchange for gold and silverand silver– Both sides benefitBoth sides benefit– England benefits the most – sells more than they England benefits the most – sells more than they

purchasepurchase Navigation ActsNavigation Acts – only English ships could – only English ships could

trade with colonies, specified certain trade with colonies, specified certain products could only go to England, had to products could only go to England, had to use an English port and pay duties (taxes)use an English port and pay duties (taxes)

New IdeasNew Ideas EnlightenmentEnlightenment – European ideas that all problems – European ideas that all problems

could be solved by human reasoncould be solved by human reason Scientific Revolution Scientific Revolution – used observation & – used observation &

experimentationexperimentation Challenged thinking about religion, science, Challenged thinking about religion, science,

government; apply natural laws & reason to gov.government; apply natural laws & reason to gov. Challenged ideas of Challenged ideas of unlimited governmentunlimited government, proposed , proposed

“natural” rights“natural” rights of people, basic human ( of people, basic human (inalienableinalienable) ) rights, govt. by the consent of the governed (the rights, govt. by the consent of the governed (the people)people)

Locke,Locke, MontesquieuMontesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, Voltaire, Rousseau Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin inspired by Enlightenment – inspired by Enlightenment –

scientist, inventor, writer, “Renaissance Man”scientist, inventor, writer, “Renaissance Man” http://www.history.com/videos/the-eventful-life-of-http://www.history.com/videos/the-eventful-life-of-

benjamin-franklinbenjamin-franklin

New Ideas cont.New Ideas cont.

Great AwakeningGreat Awakening – Revival of – Revival of religious fervor; power of individualreligious fervor; power of individual

Evangelical preachers traveled Evangelical preachers traveled preachingpreaching

Rejected Enlightenment/Secular Rejected Enlightenment/Secular ideasideas

Jonathon Edwards, Jonathon Edwards, George WhitefieldGeorge Whitefield Led to formation of Led to formation of new churches,new churches,

independent thinkingindependent thinking

Wars of EmpireWars of Empire Worldwide struggle for empiresWorldwide struggle for empires N. America – France vs. EnglandN. America – France vs. England French & Indian War French & Indian War (1754)(1754)

– Indians allied with French (some w/English)Indians allied with French (some w/English)– Washington – young British soldierWashington – young British soldier

Treaty of Paris 1763Treaty of Paris 1763 ends war – British win control ends war – British win control of N. America (& Canada)of N. America (& Canada)

Flood of British settlers into Indian landsFlood of British settlers into Indian lands Pontiac’s RebellionPontiac’s Rebellion – uprising against settlers; ran – uprising against settlers; ran

out of ammunition, defeatedout of ammunition, defeated Made peace in exchange for Made peace in exchange for Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763

(no settlers west of Appalachian mountains)(no settlers west of Appalachian mountains)

AftermathAftermath Revealed split between British & colonistsRevealed split between British & colonists British wanted greater controlBritish wanted greater control Wanted colonists to pay for warWanted colonists to pay for war Albany Plan of UnionAlbany Plan of Union ( (Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin))

– First attempt to unite coloniesFirst attempt to unite colonies– Failed – colonies didn’t want to give up authorityFailed – colonies didn’t want to give up authority– Timeline – Jamestown 1607 – Georgia 1733Timeline – Jamestown 1607 – Georgia 1733– British first supported then changed - didn’t like idea of British first supported then changed - didn’t like idea of

united coloniesunited colonies This war is the beginning of the trouble between This war is the beginning of the trouble between

the British and the colonists – will lead to the British and the colonists – will lead to REVOLUTION!REVOLUTION!