chapter 30 • new freedom wilson’s new … chapter 30 wilson’s new freedom is a reaction to...
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1
CHAPTER 30
WILSON’S
NEW FREEDOMis a reaction to Teddy’s New
Nationalism
Key Terms
• New Freedom
• Bull Moose Party
• “Triple Wall of
Privilege”
• Underwood Tariff
• Fed Reserve Act
• Fed Trade Commission
Act
• Clayton Anti-Trust Act
• Jones Act
• Federal Farm loan Act
• Adamson Act
• Workingman’s
Compensation Act
• Louis Brandeis
• Segregation
• Teddy’s New Nationalism platform
of 1912 to get re-elected—pushed
to the left by Deb’s inroads on
Progressivism:
– Active gov’t role in economics and
social issues
– Federal regulation of businesses
– Woman’s suffrage
– Minimum wage laws
– Social insurance for the needy
– Reform the banking industry
– Consolidation of large trusts and
labor unions. They were inevitable
and necessary—if regulated
• Woody’s New Freedom
(New Order):
– Active gov’t role in economics and
social issues
– Help small businesses
– Reform the banking industry
– Dissolve large trusts and other
monopolies
Wilson—The Man• Son of Southern Presbyterian minister
• Born in Georgia (with its CSA baggage)
• Princeton: Phd., professor, and president
• Entrepreneurship
• Self-righteous, Self-assured and Stubborn
• N.J. Governor: passionate reformer
• Presidential beliefs:– President as Prime Minister
– Segregation
– State’s rights
– End imperialism (self-determination, though his belief in White Supremacy often undermined this ideal)
Foreign Policy Key Terms
• Moral Diplomacy
– Bryan as Sec. of State (Pacifist)
– Jones Act
– Panama Canal Tolls Act
– Haiti (again)
– Dominican Republic (again)
– Mexico
• Diaz deposed by Madero who is murdered by Huerta, who
overthrown by Carranza who attacked by Pancho Villa
– WWI
• Central Powers vs
• Allied Powers
– Neutrality Proclamation by U.S.What Wilson Wanted
What Wilson GOT
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Wilson’s First Term 1912• Against the “Triple Wall of Privilege:
– Banking
– Trusts (monopolies)
– Tariffs
• Underwood Simmons Tariff actually lowers it by
15%. Went direct to the people like Teddy.
• 16th Amendment
– $4,000 – 20,000 = 2% income tax
– Above $500,000 = 7% “ “
• Encouraged states to pass female suffrage laws (state’s rights)
• Excellent Cabinet (except Bryan)
– Federal Reserve Act controlled by F.R. Board
– Clayton Anti-Trust Act exempted Unions and Agric. from Sherman Anti-Trust Act, and gave power to fine corporations including it’s officers for Interlocking Directorates, etc.)
– Federal Trade Commission (investigate “Unfair Practices” such as mislabeling, etc.)
– Federal Farm Loan Act
– Keating Owen Act (Child Labor)
– Adamson Act (8 hour RR work day)
Wilson the Moralist(which is often synonymous with Racist)
• Segregated all Federal jobs
• Fought Ida Well’s Anti-Lynching Laws
• Called D.W. Griffin’s blockbuster film
Birth of A Nation “History written in
Lightening”
Wilson’s Moralism bled into his
Foreign Policy
• Hated imperialism with a missionary zeal
+ Declared war on Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy
+ Told companies he would NOT protect their overseas
investments (Destroyed a multi-national loan to China)
+ Jones Act
+ Repealed the Panama Canal Tolls Act
+ Defused the Japan/California crisis. But,
– sent troops into Haiti, D.R., Mexico,
– bought the American Virgin Islands.
– Sent troops to aid the White Russians (Menshiviks) against the Red
Russians (Bolshevik Communists)
– Believed completely in “White Supremacy” but NOT the “White
Man’s Burden.
Mexico• Diaz is deposed by Madero in 1911
• Madero murdered by Huerta in 1911. Wilson refuses to recognize his gov’t.
• Constitutionalist Carranza starts a rebellion in 1912.
• Wilson sends U.S. Marines into Vera Cruz to help Carranza—both sides turn on America.
• 1915: Carranza wins—Wilson recognizes the new gov’t immediately
• Pancho Villa starts revolution against Carranza, and tricks America into attacking Mexico to make Carranza look weak and indecisive.
• Carranza sends troops to attack invading U.S. forces under General “Black Jack” Pershing.
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Now For
EUROPE
QUADRUPLE HOLY
ALLIANCE ALLIANCE
Crimean
War
1854-1855
Russia
VS.
GB, France,
Ottoman
Empire
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• Balkanization– Magyar
– Slovak
– Czech
– Polish
– Sebian
– Bulgarian
– Serbian
– Ruthenian
– Romanian
– Slovene
– Croatian
– German
– Italian
– Finno-Ugrian
Europe
• The “Mad
Rush” 1880-
1914
–Latecomers
• Germany
• Italy
• Japan
– Entangling Alliances:
• Central Powers:
– Germany
– Italy (until war starts)
– Austria-Hungary
– Bulgaria
– Ottoman Empire
• Allied Powers
– Great Britain
– Russia
– Italy
– France
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Whom should America favor?
• Pro-Central Powers:– Irish Immigrants (they
still hate the British, so… “The enemy of my enemy is my friend”
– German Immigrants
– Eastern European Jews (They hate the Russians, so…) How ironic considering the next WW.
• Pro Allied Powers:– English Immigrants
– Italian Immigrants
– French Immigrants
Schlieffen
Plan
Of
Attack
Whom Should America Favor?• Neutrals
– 75% of the people
– The business of America is business.
– “Avoid Entangling Alliances”
– Hangover from Philippines
– $$$$$$, sold supplies to BOTH sides at 1st, but with the
increasingly effective blockade of Germany, America
began to trade much more with the Allied Powers
– Germany begins “unrestricted” Submarine warfare
6
Election of 1916:
“He Kept us out of War”
but for how long?