Chapter 30The Global Great Depressionand authoritarian response

The Great Depression was not just a United States thing, it greatly affected the whole world and worsened the existing problems.

Internal problems (depression)→ questioning the new government who is doing little to help→ rise of strong authoritarian leaders

Long-Term causes of the Great Dep.

● WWI led to war-induced inflation● over production of farm goods

o new equipment, cheap priceso developing countries pushed production→

prices drop● Reliance of US loans in Europe● Protectionism → high tariffs

o insistence of repayment of debts

The Great Depression → SPARK

● Oct. 1929 NY Stock market crashed ● Depression spiraled

o This is called a death spiral● social ills led to questioning liberal

demo.● US has to call in loans from Europe

o they can’t pay

How the GD affected others

● Soviet Union o largely untouched because it was cut off from

the global market● Japan

o severely affected because of exports● LA

o led to new state involvement in the economy

Social and Cultural effects of the GD

● Educated people can’t get worko that doesn’t make sense

● family roles disruptedo men can’t work so women and children did

● Popular cultural became more sedate● Escapist entertainment

And it gets worse

Responses in Western Europe

● First reaction → close and protecto exacerbated the situationo High tariffs other nations stop buyingo government cut spending programs

● Political polarizationo communist/socialists began to gain popularityo conservatives don’t want to change

Responses in the US

● Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal o offered more direct aid and established

systems like Social Security● As a result, the US did not experience

extreme political movements● Scandinavia will become a welfare

state but the US won’t go that far

Germany

● Treaty of Versailles → it is that big of a problem

● Fascists promised a strong leader and military policy

● Hitler led the National Socialist Party

Nazism and Fascism

● Preached unity (nationalism)o too many groups in parliament for unity

● Return to traditional past● fix the wrongs of Versailles● Blame others not Germans

o Jewso Communists

Totalitarian state

● eliminated political parties● purged bureaucracy and military● secret police● no more trade unions● propaganda● wanted a land empire● made secret deal with USSR

Spread of Fascism and Spanish Civil War● Nazies were an inspiration to other

struggling nations● Benito Mussolini in Italy

o 1935 attack on Ethiopia to avenge colonial loss earlier

● 1936-1939 civil war in Spaino Parliamentary republic vs military stateo General Franco emerged as leader

Latin America

● New political parties attacked liberalism and capitalism

● import substitution industrialization● population growth● dependent economies● rise of middle class

Great Crash in Latin America

● Dependent economies crashed● Vargas regime in Brazil

o sets up an authoritarian government does become more liberal over time supports allies in WWII

● Peron in Argentinao strange comboo supported by the people/laboro went against the catholic church (oops)

Militarization in Japan

● Authoritarian military rule● 1931 depression but actively

responded to the Depression → suffered less

● mass patriotism and new policies● 1936 attempted coup led to series of

militaristic prime ministers● 1938 Japan ready for wider conquest

STALIN

● HE controls everythingo collectivization: put all land into mass

holdings by governmento everyone should share equipment

● Kulaks (wealthy landowners)o lose their stuff

● 5 year plano massive factories