Chapter 30,Section 2:Chapter 30,Section 2:American Leadership in a American Leadership in a

New WorldNew World

Main Idea: After the Cold Main Idea: After the Cold War, the United States War, the United States

led the search for peace led the search for peace and stability in the world.and stability in the world.

A. The Lone SuperpowerA. The Lone Superpower After the break up of the USSR in 1991, After the break up of the USSR in 1991,

ending the Cold War, the US remained the ending the Cold War, the US remained the only superpower in the world.only superpower in the world.

Some Americans wanted the US to Some Americans wanted the US to reduce its role in world affairs, while reduce its role in world affairs, while others wanted us to be even more of a others wanted us to be even more of a leaderleader

Presidents Bush & Clinton both increased Presidents Bush & Clinton both increased our influence in other parts of the world.our influence in other parts of the world.

B. Promoting Global DemocracyB. Promoting Global Democracy The US pushed for political & economic freedom The US pushed for political & economic freedom

around the globe, using diplomacy & military pressure.around the globe, using diplomacy & military pressure. PhilippinesPhilippines - the US supported Corazon Aquino after - the US supported Corazon Aquino after

Ferdinand Marcos was oustedFerdinand Marcos was ousted ChinaChina – In 1989, students & workers staged a – In 1989, students & workers staged a

demonstration to bring democracy to China at demonstration to bring democracy to China at Tiananmen Square in Beijing, but it was crushed by Tiananmen Square in Beijing, but it was crushed by the military. Ever since, China has been under the military. Ever since, China has been under pressure to improve its human rights record, pressure to improve its human rights record, especially with the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.especially with the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing.

North KoreaNorth Korea –North & South Korea continue to –North & South Korea continue to oppose each other. In 2003, Kim Jong Il announced oppose each other. In 2003, Kim Jong Il announced that North Korea would pursue a nuclear arms that North Korea would pursue a nuclear arms program (not good!)program (not good!)

· In 1983, U.S. troops seized control of the island and stayed until the people elected a government friendly to the U.S.

· Communist extremists seized power in this small island nation with the help of Cuba.

Invasion of Grenada

B. ContinuedB. Continued CubaCuba - Many Cubans fled in the ’90s as Cuba’s - Many Cubans fled in the ’90s as Cuba’s

economy eroded after the fall of the USSR. The US economy eroded after the fall of the USSR. The US continues a 50 year old trade embargo against Castro.continues a 50 year old trade embargo against Castro.

South AfricaSouth Africa – had enforced apartheid (strict – had enforced apartheid (strict separation of races) since 1948. Even though majority separation of races) since 1948. Even though majority of country was black, they had no say in the of country was black, they had no say in the government & were segregated. In 1986, US used government & were segregated. In 1986, US used economic sanctions (measures aimed at making a economic sanctions (measures aimed at making a country change its policy) to pressure South Africa to country change its policy) to pressure South Africa to end apartheid. In 1994, all races in South Africa could end apartheid. In 1994, all races in South Africa could vote for the 1vote for the 1stst time, electing Nelson Mandela, a black time, electing Nelson Mandela, a black man who spent 27 years in prison for opposing man who spent 27 years in prison for opposing apartheid.apartheid.

Clashes in PanamaPanamanian leader Manuel Noriega was accused by the U.S. of helping South American drug lords smuggle cocaine into the U.S.

C. Russia & Eastern EuropeC. Russia & Eastern Europe Many former communist countries Many former communist countries

struggled to adjust to new economies struggled to adjust to new economies (high inflation & unemployment)(high inflation & unemployment)

Boris Yeltsin & Vladimir Putin lead new Boris Yeltsin & Vladimir Putin lead new RussiaRussia

Civil War in BosniaCivil War in Bosnia – Croatia & Bosnia – Croatia & Bosnia tried to break away from Yugoslavia, but tried to break away from Yugoslavia, but Serbia tied to prevent this. After 4 yrs of Serbia tied to prevent this. After 4 yrs of civil war, US sent troops to restore ordercivil war, US sent troops to restore order

Crisis in KosovoCrisis in Kosovo – Albanians also tried to – Albanians also tried to win independence from Serbia. After win independence from Serbia. After Serbs attacked Kosovo, US bombed Serbs attacked Kosovo, US bombed Serbia, forcing them out of Kosovo.Serbia, forcing them out of Kosovo.

· At the conclusion of the war, Pres. Clinton sent 20,000 U.S. troops to Bosnia in order to help keep the peace.

Civil War in Yugoslavia

D. Easing Conflict ElsewhereD. Easing Conflict ElsewhereSomalia, Africa – US/UN tied to Somalia, Africa – US/UN tied to

end civil war & famine there, but end civil war & famine there, but failed & withdrew after hostilities in failed & withdrew after hostilities in Mogadishu (Black Hawk Down)Mogadishu (Black Hawk Down)

Northern Ireland – Catholics Northern Ireland – Catholics wanted to reunite w/ Ireland; wanted to reunite w/ Ireland; Protestants wanted to stay under Protestants wanted to stay under British rule. After 3000 die in British rule. After 3000 die in fighting, US helps push for peace fighting, US helps push for peace settlement.settlement.

E. The Threat of Nuclear ArmsE. The Threat of Nuclear ArmsAfter collapse of USSR, other After collapse of USSR, other

countries looked to develop nuclear countries looked to develop nuclear weapons programs: rivals India & weapons programs: rivals India & Pakistan test own weapons, starting a Pakistan test own weapons, starting a new arms racenew arms race

START (Strategic Arms Reduction START (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) signed in ’91 by US & former Treaty) signed in ’91 by US & former USSR to reduce nuclear weapons by USSR to reduce nuclear weapons by both. In ’02, Bush & Putin agree to both. In ’02, Bush & Putin agree to reduce by over half over 10 yrsreduce by over half over 10 yrs