chapter 31 hiphil weak verbs 31-1 - hebrewchapter 31 –hiphil weak verbs strong verbs weak verb...

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Chapter 31 – Hiphil Weak Verbs

Strong Verbs

Weak Verb Principles

1-Guttural

3-Guttural

ה-3 1-Nun

1-Yod and Biconsonantal

Summary

31-1


What to Memorize for the Hiphil

Parsing code H

Hiphîl-Haphîl

– ה in the perfect

– ה elsewhere

נ / א / ת / י in the imperfect

מ in the participle

ה in the imperative and infinitives

VS = Î[A] ~ Î(Ē)

– HM2ms+Ø uses Ē ( ), not the Î ( י ) of the HI

– Î ( י ) often Ē ( ) in singular HJ, HIwc

31-2



Strong Verbs


1-Guttural

3-Guttural

ה-3 1-Nun


Summary

31-3


Distrust Vowels Right Next to Weak Consonants

A weak consonant affects the vowels that touch it.

– 1-weak affects Vp and V1 not VS

– 2-weak affects VS and V1 not Vp

– 3-weak affects VS and sufformative not V1 or Vp

Some exceptions:

– 1-Yod and Angry-Baker 1א. affect Qal Imperfect VS

– Biconsonantals and geminates affect everything

31-4


Gutturals Take Hateph Vowel, not Shewa

Hiphil strong verb V1 = Shewa always

– E.g., מפעיל ,יפעיל ,הפעיל

Hiphil 1G V1 = Hateph Vowel, not Shewa

– ◌◌ה in the HP העמיד– ◌◌י everywhere else מעמיד ,יעמיד

1-Weak affects VP and V1, not VS

31-5


1G Imperfect Verbs

Hiphil Imperfect strong verb begins י Qal Imperfect strong verb begins י For 1G verbs

– Qal Imperfect begins י or י– Distinguish by stem vowel.

Hiphil has י which never reduces

– יעמד is QI3ms because V2 = – יעמיד is HI3ms because V2 י =

ה-3 verbs lose the stem vowel ambiguous

– יעלה is עלה (Q/H)I3ms

31-6


1G Parsing Practice

1. ידו תעמ2. ידו יעמ3. דנההע ת מ4. עלה5. הע לה6. יתה ל עה7. עלות8. מאהבים9. ידו העמ10. ידו העמ

עמד HI2mp

עמד HI3mp

מדע QI(2/3)fp

עלה D(M2ms/A)

להע QPtFS

עלה QP2ms

עלה QPtFP

אהב DPtMP

עמד HP3cp

עמד HM2mp

31-7



Strong Verbs


1-Guttural

3-Guttural

ה-3 1-Nun


Summary

31-8


3G Affects VS and Sufformative Only

Don’t use VS for parsing

Know the tweaks to sufformatives

Parse based on how the verb begins

ע/ח3– VS = A Infinitive absolute and Hiphil י are unchanged

א3– VS changes

– .א often quiescent

– Sufformative ת ת ת ת ה3

– No R3

– Special 3ה rules for VS and sufformative

31-9


.ע/ח3 Hiphil Verbs

Furtive pathach comes and goes, so ignore it.

– Appears if word final and V2 not A or Ā ( ה / )

– השליח but ה יחה השל and השלח

VS = A in the FP Imperfect & Imperative

– VS = Î[A] ~ Î(Ē) for strong verbs לנההט תק – VS = Î[A] ~ Î(A) for 3- ע/ח חנההל תש

31-10


א3 Verbs

General Principles:

– If 3א would have silent shewa, it quiesces.

If followed by ת, the ת loses its dagesh lene.

– ת ת– תה תה etc.

– The stem vowel often switches to ה , , or

Hiphil Stem Vowel Pattern

– VS = Î[A] ~ Î(Ē) for strong ל הק תיט and ל תק נההט– VS = Î[Ē] ~ Î(E) for 3א אהמ תיצ and אתמ נההצ

31-11


3G Parsing Practice (1/2)

1. ממציאות2. יבטחו3. אנו המצ4. ה משמיעה5. צאו תמה6. יחו הבט7. ידע8. עת משמ9. עתי ג נה10. תשלחי

מצא HPtFP

בטח DI3mp

מצא HP1cp

שמע HPtFS

מצא NI2mp

בטח HP3cp

ידע QI3ms

שמע HPtFS

נגע QP1cs

שלח DI2fs

31-12


3G Parsing Practice (2/2)

11. חנהה תשל12. אנהה תמצ13. ימצאו14. יאו המצ15. חתי השל16. ה טחה בה17. אתי נמצ18. חנהה השל

שלח HI(2/3)fp

מצא HI(2/3)fp

מצא DpI3mp

מצא HM2mp

שלח HP1cs

בטח QP3fs

מצא NP1cs

שלח HM2fp

31-13



Strong Verbs


1-Guttural

3-Guttural

ה-3 1-Nun


Summary

31-14


ה3 Verbs

ה3 verbs are 3-weak, so they don’t affect Vp or V1

ה3 verbs have the same changes as usual.

– No 3rd root consonant or stem vowel

– Add ה ה ה , ה , , etc., if there is no sufformative.

– Add י י , , or י before a sufformative that begins

with a consonant.

Examples

– ה ה ,הגלה יתי ,הגלתה הגל– גלהא ,יגלה יגלו ,– מגלה ,הגלות ,הגלה

31-15


ה3 Parsing Practice

1. ה הרבתה2. מרבים3. עלה4. ירבה5. יתה ל עה6. יתה נ בה7. ינהה הרב8. עלות9. עלה10. נה יבה

רבה HP3fs

רבה HPtMP

עלה DM2ms

רבה HI3ms

עלה QP2ms

בנה QP2ms

רבה HM2fp

עלה QPtFP

עלה QPtMS

בנה NI3ms

31-16



Strong Verbs


1-Guttural

3-Guttural

ה-3 1-Nun


Summary

31-17


1-Nun Always Assimilates in the Hiphil

1-Nun verbs are 1-weak, so they don’t affect VS

1-Nun always assimilates if it has a shewa

– V1 is always shewa in the Hiphil.

– So 1-Nun always assimilates.

Examples

– ה ,הציל ילה לתי ,הצ הצ– צילא ,תציל ,יציל לנהה , תצ– מציל ,הציל ,הצל

As usual, 1-Weak doesn’t affect VS

31-18


Niphal ה ה vs. 1-Nun Hiphil Perfect ה Beware confusing 1-Nun Hiphil with Niphal

– ה ה is NM, N∞, or NA

– ה that is missing a root consonant may be HP 1Nun

Examples

– ילו הצ vs. הנהצלו– הצל vs. הנהצל

31-19


ה is 1-Nun H(M/∞/A) or 1ה D(M/∞/A)

Hiphil

– ה is preformative

– Dagesh Forte is assimilated 1-Nun

– ◌◌הנ ◌ה – H(M/∞/A)

Piel

– ה is R1

– Dagesh Forte as usual for Piel R2

– ◌ה – D(M/∞/A)

31-20


1-Nun Parsing Practice

1. עתי ג נה2. הגעתי3. יעו תג4. ינהה תט5. ילו הצ6. הנהצלו7. הצל8. הנהצל9. נצל

נגע QP1cs

נגע HP1cs

נגע HI2mp

נטה HI(2/3)fp

נצל HP3cp

נצל NM2mp

נצל HM2ms OR HA

נצל NM2ms OR N∞ OR NA

נצל DM2ms OR D∞ OR DA

31-21



Strong Verbs


1-Guttural

3-Guttural

ה-3 1-Nun


Summary

31-22


1-Yod Hiphil Verbs

Most 1-Yod were originally 1-Waw,

so the waw often returns.

– In the Hiphil, 1-Yod becomes Vp ו = or – E.g., הושב ,יושיב ,הושיב

Beware of confusing 1-Yod Hiphil with Dp 2GR or QPt

– QPtMS is קטל or קוטל– 2GR DpP3ms is ברך or בורך– 1Yod HP3ms is הדיע or הודיע

31-23


Biconsonantal Hiphil

Vp is not or – Vp = or or ה or

VS is Î ~ Î(Ē)

– So Î = י except in the FP imperfect and imperative

Beware of confusing with D when Hiphil Vp = Beware of confusing HI with QI

– Both have Vp ה =– Hiphil has VS י = , Qal has VS = lexical vowel ( י (ו/ו/

So HI = QI if lexical vowel is י יהשים is םשי .(Q/H)I3ms

31-24


1-Yod and Biconsonantal Practice

1. הושיב2. בנהה תוש3. ישבו4. ידע5. שב יוה6. דעו יוה7. ומו יהק8. מתי ק9. קי םתה10. שי םיה11. ענהה תוד

ישב H(P3ms/∞)

ישב HI(2/3)fp

ישב QI3mp

ידע QI3ms

ישב NI3ms

ידע NI3mp

קום QI3mp

קום QP1cs

םקו HI3fs OR HI2ms

םשי (Q/H)I3ms

ידע HI(2/3)fp

31-25


Summary

1G

– QI and HI both start י◌◌ ◌◌ת / ◌◌ א / ◌◌נ /– Distinguish by VS

3G

– Beware using VS for parsing ( י is still Hiphil)

– The usual 3ה changes

1-Nun

– V1 always is Shewa in Hiphil 1-Nun assimilates

1-Yod

– 1-Yod becomes ו ( or ) in the Hiphil

Biconsonantal

– VP is י or י or יה or י (never י)– Parse based on VS = Î ~ Î(Ē)

31-26


For mixed parsing practice

there is a separate video

of chapter 31 parsing

31-27

chapter 31 hiphil weak verbs 31-1 - hebrewchapter 31 –hiphil weak verbs strong verbs weak verb...

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