chapter 33 - sensory perception - okaloosa …€¦ · web viewudol.stes.16.33.5 - examine how the...

Chapter 33 - Sensory Perception

Multiple Choice

1. Whales and elephants use sound to communicate with which kind of receptor? a. photoreceptors b. nociceptors c. thermoreceptors d. chemoreceptors e. mechanoreceptorsANSWER: eDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 33.2 Overview of Sensory PathwaysLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.33.2 - Discuss the characteristic of the six types of sensory receptors found in animals.

2. When the brain assigns meaning to a sensory signal, we say that _____ has taken place. a. sensory adaptation b. sensory perception c. semantic perception d. sensory action e. sensory activationANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 33.2 Overview of Sensory PathwaysLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


3. The processing of sensory input in animals leads to ____. a. an adaptation b. a sensation c. an action d. feeling exactly what is happening at the site e. responding to the stimulusANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 33.2 Overview of Sensory PathwaysLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


4. The major function of a receptor is to _____. a. control the autonomic functions of the body b. stabilize the internal environment to achieve homeostasis c. produce responses to the various stimuli the body receives d. give organisms or cells awareness of and sensitivity to their environment e. control the visceral functions of the bodyANSWER: d

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DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 33.2 Overview of Sensory PathwaysLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


5. Which analgesic relieves pain by mimicking the action of endorphins? a. aspirin b. ziconotide c. NSAIDS d. morphine e. acetaminophenANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 33.3 Somatic and Visceral SensationsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.33.3 - Differentiate between somatic sensations and visceral sensations.

6. A diminishing response by receptors to a constant stimulus is known as ____. a. an action potential b. neural transduction c. sensory adaptation d. referred pain e. a sensationANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 33.2 Overview of Sensory PathwaysLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


7. The somatosensory cortex _____. a. maps the distribution of somatic receptors on the body b. consists of gray matter c. involves only the spinal cord d. responds to all signals equally e. is not responsive to mechanoreceptorsANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom's AnalyzeREFERENCES: 33.3 Somatic and Visceral SensationsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.33.3 - Differentiate between somatic sensations and visceral sensations.

8. The somatic senses include four of the following sensations. Which one is the exception? a. balance b. pain near the body surface c. temperature d. touch e. pressureCopyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.


ANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom | Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 33.3 Somatic and Visceral SensationsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.33.3 - Differentiate between somatic sensations and visceral sensations.

Figure 33.6

9. The accompanying figure shows areas of referred pain that indicate an internal organ is damaged. Which letter corresponds to heart damage? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. EANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 33.3 Somatic and Visceral SensationsPREFACE NAME: Figure 33.6LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.33.3 - Differentiate between somatic sensations and visceral sensations.

10. The Pacinian corpuscle is used in detecting ____. a. sound b. hard pressure c. chemicals d. light touch e. chemical differencesANSWER: bCopyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.


DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 33.3 Somatic and Visceral SensationsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.33.3 - Differentiate between somatic sensations and visceral sensations.

11. A stretch receptor is classified as a ____. a. chemoreceptor b. mechanoreceptor c. photoreceptor d. thermoreceptor e. nociceptorANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 33.3 Somatic and Visceral SensationsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.33.3 - Differentiate between somatic sensations and visceral sensations.

12. The pain produced in an internal organ may be perceived as occurring somewhere else. This phenomenon is called ____. a. mixed nerve messages b. referred pain c. phantom pain d. psychosomatic pain e. hypochondriaANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 33.3 Somatic and Visceral SensationsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.33.3 - Differentiate between somatic sensations and visceral sensations.

13. Sensory pathways of smell and taste ____. a. begin with chemoreceptors b. begin in the somatosensory cortex c. are not involved in communication d. are integrated with the advanced vomeronasal organ that humans possess e. are completely separated from one anotherANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 33.4 Chemical SensesLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.33.4 - Determine how chemoreceptors help organisms smell and taste substances.

14. Humans have ____. a. more taste receptors than olfactory receptors b. more olfactory receptors than taste receptors c. a high degree of dependency on pheromones d. approximately six types of olfactory receptors e. an advanced vomeronasal organCopyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.


ANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 33.4 Chemical SensesLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


Figure 33.8

Use the accompanying figure to answer the following question.

15. What letter indicates a taste bud? a. A b. B c. C d. A and B e. none of these, because they are olfactory receptorsANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 33.4 Chemical SensesPREFACE NAME: Figure 33.8LEARNING OBJECTIVES:


16. Eyes contain ____ a. chemoreceptors b. mechanoreceptors c. photoreceptors d. nociceptors e. thermoreceptorsANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember



REFERENCES: 33.5 Diversity of Visual SystemsPREFACE NAME: Figure 33.8LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.33.5 - Examine how the visual systems in different organisms vary.

17. Insects have ____. a. simple eyes b. ocelli c. ciliary eyes d. compound eyes e. "camera" eyesANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 33.5 Diversity of Visual SystemsPREFACE NAME: Figure 33.8LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.33.5 - Examine how the visual systems in different organisms vary.

Figure 33.12

18. Refer to the accompanying photograph. Which statement best explains why the owl has its head almost upside down? a. Photoreceptors are concentrated near the bottom of the eye. b. Photoreceptors are concentrated near the top of the eye. c. Loud music from a passing car has caused damage to the sense of balance. d. An obstruction in its ear has caused this instinctual behavior. e. The presence of prey above has caused this physical alert.ANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom's AnalyzeCopyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.


REFERENCES: 33.5 Diversity of Visual SystemsPREFACE NAME: Figure 33.12LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.33.5 - Examine how the visual systems in different organisms vary.

19. The portion of the eye where photoreceptors are located is the ____. a. lens b. cornea c. pupil d. fovea e. retinaANSWER: eDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 33.6 A Closer Look at the Human EyeLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.33.6 - Examine the structure and functions of each component of the human eye using a diagram.

20. The adjustable ring of contractile and connective tissues that controls the amount of light entering the eye is the ____. a. lens b. cornea c. pupil d. iris e. retinaANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 33.6 A Closer Look at the Human EyeLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


21. The dark middle layer of the eye that prevents the scattering of light is the ____. a. fovea b. retina c. sclera d. choroid e. corneaANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 33.6 A Closer Look at the Human EyeLEARNING OBJECTIVES:




Figure 33.14

Use the accompanying figure to answer the following two questions.

22. The retina is indicated by the letter ____. a. A b. B c. C d. D e. EANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 33.6 A Closer Look at the Human EyePREFACE NAME: Figure 33.14LEARNING OBJECTIVES:


23. The structure that protects the eyeball is indicated by the letter ____. a. A b. B c. C d. D e. E



ANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 33.6 A Closer Look at the Human EyePREFACE NAME: Figure 33.14LEARNING OBJECTIVES:


24. Visual accommodation involves the ability to ____. a. change the sensitivity of the rods and cones by means of neurotransmitters b. change the position of the retina c. change the thickness of the lens by contracting or relaxing certain muscles d. protect the eyeball from foreign matter e. prevent eye strainANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 33.6 A Closer Look at the Human EyeLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


25. Rods and cones are located in the ____. a. lens b. cornea c. pupil d. iris e. retinaANSWER: eDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 33.7 Light reception and Visual ProcessingLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.33.7 - Discuss how humans process visual information using diagrams.

26. The area on the retina that has the greatest density of cone cells is called the ____. a. fovea b. visual ganglion c. lateral geniculate nucleus d. visual cortex e. blind spotANSWER: aDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 33.7 Light reception and Visual ProcessingLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.33.7 - Discuss how humans process visual information using diagrams.

27. When light rays converge behind the retina, it is known as ____. a. astigmatism b. color blindness c. nearsightednessCopyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.


d. macular degeneration e. farsightednessANSWER: eDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 33.8 Visual DisordersLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.33.8 - Examine the causes of any three common visual disorders.

Figure 33.17C

28. The letter "C" in the above figure represents the ____. a. cortex b. cornea c. fovea d. blood vessels e. optic nerveANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 33.7 Light reception and Visual ProcessingPREFACE NAME: Figure 33.17CLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.33.7 - Discuss how humans process visual information using diagrams.

29. Nearsightedness is caused by a(n) _____ a. eye structure that focuses an image in front of the retina b. eye structure that focuses an image behind the retina c. eyeball that is too short d. recessive trait on the Y chromosome e. recessive trait on the X chromosome ANSWER: a



DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 33.8 Visual DisordersLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.33.8 - Examine the causes of any three common visual disorders.

30. The color of the eye is predicated on the amount of ____ present. a. enzyme b. protein c. melanin d. salts e. lipidsANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 33.6 A Closer Look at the Human EyeLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


31. Which statement accurately describes the properties of sound? a. The frequency of a sound determines the loudness. b. The amplitude of a sound determines its pitch. c. The amplitude of a sound is the number of waves per second. d. A soft sound has a greater amplitude than a loud sound. e. A high note and a low note with the same amplitude are equally loud.ANSWER: eDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 33.9 Vertebrate HearingLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.33.9 - Outline the process of hearing.

32. The organ of Corti ____. a. is integral to balance b. controls the sense of depth perception c. has hair cells that fire and sends signals to the brain d. is involved in visual acuity e. detects light energyANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 33.9 Vertebrate HearingLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.33.9 - Outline the process of hearing.



Figure 33.21 (part 2)Use the accompanying figure to answer the following two questions.

33. The bones that amplify sound reaching the eardrum are indicated by the letters ____. a. A and B b. A, B, and C c. B and C d. C and D e. C, D, and FANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 33.9 Vertebrate HearingPREFACE NAME: Figure 33.21LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.33.9 - Outline the process of hearing.

34. The oval window is indicated by the letter ____. a. A b. B c. C d. D e. EANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 33.9 Vertebrate HearingPREFACE NAME: Figure 33.21LEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.33.9 - Outline the process of hearing.

35. In humans, and some other vertebrates, the organ that collects sound is called the ____. a. auditory nerveCopyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.


b. cochlea c. eardrum d. pinna e. round windowANSWER: dDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 33.9 Vertebrate HearingLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.33.9 - Outline the process of hearing.

36. Equilibrium is sensed by ____. a. chemoreceptors b. mechanoreceptors c. photoreceptors d. thermoreceptors e. nociceptorsANSWER: bDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 33.10 Organs of EquilibriumLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.33.11 - Examine how the organs of equilibrium help in maintaining the sense of balance.

37. Failure of the organs in the vestibular apparatus to function correctly can cause ____. a. lack of sensation on the skin b. loss of hearing c. motion sickness d. inability to smell e. night blindnessANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom's AnalyzeREFERENCES: 33.10 Organs of EquilibriumLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


38. The utricle and saccule ____. a. each contain an organ of dynamic equilibrium b. detect rotation of the head c. detect how the head is oriented relative to the ground d. are semicircular canals e. use the auditory nerve to send information to the brainANSWER: cDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 33.10 Organs of EquilibriumLEARNING OBJECTIVES:




Matching

Choose the one most appropriate answer for each.a. relays action potentials from the ear to the brainb. contains the organ of Cortic. separates the outer and middle earsd. membrane-covered gateway to inner eare. consists of tissue containing rods and conesf. bone in middle earg. defined by peak height and valley depth of sound wavesh. helps maintain balance and position; detects accelerationi. depends on the number of wave cycles per secondj. a substance that elicits a response in members of the same speciesk. regulates size of pupil and amount of incoming lightDIFFICULTY: Bloom's AnalyzeREFERENCES: 33.2 Overview of Sensory Pathways

33.6 A Closer Look at the Human Eye33.9 Vertebrate Hearing33.10 Organs of Equilibrium

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.33.11 - Examine how the organs of equilibrium help in maintaining the sense of balance.UDOL.STES.16.33.2 - Discuss the characteristic of the six types of sensory receptors found in animals.UDOL.STES.16.33.6 - Examine the structure and functions of each component of the human eye using a diagram.UDOL.STES.16.33.9 - Outline the process of hearing.

39. amplitudeANSWER: g

40. cochleaANSWER: b

41. eardrumANSWER: c

42. irisANSWER: k

43. oval windowANSWER: d

44. pheromoneANSWER: j

45. hammerANSWER: f



46. pitchANSWER: i

47. retinaANSWER: e

48. auditory nerveANSWER: a

49. sacculeANSWER: h

Classification. Respond to the following statements in reference to the four kinds of receptors listed below.a. chemicalb. mechanicalc. thermald. nociceptorDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 33.2 Overview of Sensory PathwaysLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


50. Receptors on the tongue detect variations in this kind of signal.ANSWER: a

51. Receptors that detect pain.ANSWER: d

52. Ears detect this kind of energy.ANSWER: b

53. The warmth you feel from a campfire is a result of detecting this kind of energy.ANSWER: c

Answer the following questions in reference to the five eye structures listed below.a. corneab. lensc. retinad. ommatidiume. vitreous bodyDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 33.5 Diversity of Visual SystemsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.33.5 - Examine how the visual systems in different organisms vary.

54. This structure is found in the compound eyes of insects but not in the eyes of vertebrates.ANSWER: d

55. This structure forms the transparent front of the eye.Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.


ANSWER: a

56. This structure primarily acts to focus light waves.ANSWER: b

57. This structure contains rods and cones in vertebrates.ANSWER: c

58. This structure acts to maintain the shape of the eye and to transmit light to other structures.ANSWER: e

Completion

59. __________ respond to mechanical energy such as touch.ANSWER: MechanoreceptorsDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: UnderstandREFERENCES: 33.2 Overview of Sensory PathwaysLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


60. __________ sense pain.ANSWER: NociceptorsDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 33.2 Overview of Sensory PathwaysLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


61. Continued stimulation of a receptor may lead to a diminished response and is called __________.ANSWER: sensory adaptationDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 33.2 Overview of Sensory PathwaysLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


62. The __________ sensations arise from sensory receptors located in skin, or near muscles or joints.ANSWER: somaticDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 33.3 Somatic and Visceral SensationsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.33.3 - Differentiate between somatic sensations and visceral sensations.

63. __________ sensations arise from receptors near organs in body cavities.ANSWER: VisceralDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 33.3 Somatic and Visceral SensationsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.33.3 - Differentiate between somatic sensations and visceral sensations.

64. __________ line human nasal passages.



ANSWER: Olfactory receptorsDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 33.4 Chemical SensesLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


65. The __________ is a system of fluid-filled sacs and canals in the inner ear.ANSWER: vestibular apparatusDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 33.9 Vertebrate HearingLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.33.9 - Outline the process of hearing.

66. The cochlea is a coiled structure with fluid-filled ducts that holds the mechanoreceptors responsible for hearing in its __________.ANSWER: organ of CortiDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 33.9 Vertebrate HearingLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.33.9 - Outline the process of hearing.

67. Insects have a(n) __________ eye, with many individual units.ANSWER: compoundDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 33.5 Diversity of Visual SystemsLEARNING OBJECTIVES: UDOL.STES.16.33.5 - Examine how the visual systems in different organisms vary.

68. Light enters the eye's interior through the __________, an adjustable opening in the center of the muscular, doughnut-shaped iris.ANSWER: pupilDIFFICULTY: Bloom's: RememberREFERENCES: 33.6 A Closer Look at the Human EyeLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


Subjective Short Answer

69. What would be the danger in lacking nociceptors?ANSWER: Nociceptors are responsible for sensing pain, so in their absence an individual’s ability to sense and

respond to pain would be greatly reduced. Directly, this could impact reflex actions in which rapid response minimizes the damage done to the body. From a bigger perspective, the individual would be less able to detect the pain caused by specific actions and thus may not learn to avoid them.

DIFFICULTY: Bloom's AnalyzeREFERENCES: 33.2 Overview of Sensory PathwaysLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


70. An individual reports to the doctor that they are experiencing pain in their left arm. What would the doctor think may be wrong?



ANSWER: Due to referred pain, there is the distinct possibility that the pain in the left arm could be indicative of damage to the heart. Thus, it would be prudent for the doctor to check the heart health of the client.

DIFFICULTY: Bloom's AnalyzeREFERENCES: 33.3 Somatic and Visceral SensationsLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.33.3 - Differentiate between somatic sensations and visceral sensations.

71. People tend to crave sweet and salty foods, but dislike bitter foods. What is the evolutionary explanation for this?ANSWER: During our evolution, obtaining basic dietary needs was a struggle so craving foods that would benefit

us was valuable. Sweet foods are rich in simple sugars and represent a valuable source of energy. Salty foods contain sodium chloride, and sodium was historically difficult to obtain. Conversely, foods that are bitter commonly contain plant toxins and the taste served as a warning not to eat that particular plant.

DIFFICULTY: Bloom's AnalyzeREFERENCES: 33.4 Chemical SensesLEARNING OBJECTIVES:


72. Why is color blindness more common in males?ANSWER: Color blindness is an X-linked trait, which means the gene controlling color vision is on the X

chromosome. You will recall from earlier chapters that human females have two X chromosomes while human males have only one. As a result, if the male receives the X chromosome with the faulty allele, he will express the trait, but a female who receives one faulty allele will not show the trait if her second X chromosome has the normal allele.

DIFFICULTY: Bloom's AnalyzeREFERENCES: 33.8 Visual DisordersLEARNING OBJECTIVES:

UDOL.STES.16.33.8 - Examine the causes of any three common visual disorders.


chapter 33 - sensory perception - okaloosa …€¦ · web viewudol.stes.16.33.5 - examine how the...

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