chapter 4 british north america, 1760 - 1867. following the conquest, the british were faced with a...

CHAPTER 4CHAPTER 4

BRITISH NORTH AMERICA, BRITISH NORTH AMERICA, 1760 - 18671760 - 1867


Following the Conquest, the British were Following the Conquest, the British were faced with a real dilemma in Quebec; faced with a real dilemma in Quebec; how to govern a colony in which most how to govern a colony in which most people were French-speaking, Catholic people were French-speaking, Catholic and used to institutions far different from and used to institutions far different from those in other British coloniesthose in other British colonies

Britain decided upon Britain decided upon assimilationassimilation They felt that English-Protestant-They felt that English-Protestant-

Capitalist would be the eventual Capitalist would be the eventual dominant culture in North Americadominant culture in North America

The Royal The Royal Proclamation 1763Proclamation 1763


Reasons for Passing the Royal Reasons for Passing the Royal ProclamationProclamation

Following the Conquest of New France, Following the Conquest of New France, the British passed the Royal the British passed the Royal Proclamation in 1763Proclamation in 1763

The British were faced with governing a The British were faced with governing a French-speaking colony within British French-speaking colony within British North AmericaNorth America

Pontiac’s UprisingPontiac’s Uprising

Following the fall of Quebec Following the fall of Quebec and the Treaty of Paris, and the Treaty of Paris, jurisdiction over the West jurisdiction over the West and the Ohio Valley passed and the Ohio Valley passed to the British. to the British.

This change of allegiance This change of allegiance alarmed Aboriginal tribes.alarmed Aboriginal tribes.

Native tribes had previously Native tribes had previously enjoyed a level of equality enjoyed a level of equality and harmony with the and harmony with the French, shown by the high French, shown by the high numbers of intermarriage.numbers of intermarriage.

By contrast, Native tribes By contrast, Native tribes had learned to mistrust the had learned to mistrust the English and feared English and feared increased intrusion into increased intrusion into lands the French had left for lands the French had left for them.them.

In response to this tension, a Native In response to this tension, a Native uprising led by Ottawa chieftain Pontiac uprising led by Ottawa chieftain Pontiac began in early 1763.began in early 1763.

Although successful in capturing 8 British Although successful in capturing 8 British forts and inflicting massive casualties, forts and inflicting massive casualties, Pontiac’s forces could not take the Pontiac’s forces could not take the strongholds of Detroit and Fort Pitt.strongholds of Detroit and Fort Pitt.

Pontiac’s Rebellion would last until 1766.Pontiac’s Rebellion would last until 1766.


The Intent of the Royal ProclamationThe Intent of the Royal Proclamation Assimilation of the French population to Assimilation of the French population to

British cultureBritish culture Following Pontiac’s uprising, the land Following Pontiac’s uprising, the land

west of the Appalachians was reserved west of the Appalachians was reserved for the Aboriginal people in hope of for the Aboriginal people in hope of avoiding a costly Indian waravoiding a costly Indian war


Terms of the Royal ProclamationTerms of the Royal Proclamation land west of the Appalachian Mountains land west of the Appalachian Mountains

was reserved for the Aboriginal peoplewas reserved for the Aboriginal people Quebec was reduced in sizeQuebec was reduced in size British-style government was imposed British-style government was imposed

on the Canadiens with an elected on the Canadiens with an elected assemblyassembly

the British legal system was imposedthe British legal system was imposed Protestantism replaced CatholicismProtestantism replaced Catholicism


Historical Significance of the Royal Historical Significance of the Royal ProclamationProclamation

It showed the Canadiens that the British It showed the Canadiens that the British government could not be trusted to government could not be trusted to protect French cultureprotect French culture

It created resentment among the It created resentment among the Thirteen Colonies because it disallowed Thirteen Colonies because it disallowed westward expansion into the Ohio River westward expansion into the Ohio River valley. This Act would fuel anti-British valley. This Act would fuel anti-British sentimentsentiment


Reasons for Passing the Quebec Act 1774Reasons for Passing the Quebec Act 1774 Reaction to unrest in the Thirteen Reaction to unrest in the Thirteen

ColoniesColonies

The Quebec Act 1774The Quebec Act 1774


The Intent of the Quebec Act The Intent of the Quebec Act With growing unrest in the Thirteen With growing unrest in the Thirteen

Colonies, the British intended to Colonies, the British intended to mend relations with the Canadiens mend relations with the Canadiens


Terms of the Quebec ActTerms of the Quebec Act Reversal of the Royal ProclamationReversal of the Royal Proclamation Quebec was enlargedQuebec was enlarged British-style government was imposed British-style government was imposed

on the Canadiens with an elected on the Canadiens with an elected assemblyassembly

French Civil Law replaced the British French Civil Law replaced the British legal systemlegal system

Freedom of worship for CatholicsFreedom of worship for Catholics


Historical Significance of the Quebec Historical Significance of the Quebec ActAct

The Act allowed the Canadiens to The Act allowed the Canadiens to retain their French cultureretain their French culture

It protected French-Catholic identity It protected French-Catholic identity within British North Americawithin British North America

The Constitutional The Constitutional Act 1791Act 1791


The Intent of the Constitutional ActThe Intent of the Constitutional Act Protect BNA against potential Protect BNA against potential

American aggressionAmerican aggression To provide familiar British-style rule To provide familiar British-style rule

for the newly arrived Loyalistsfor the newly arrived Loyalists


Terms of the Constitutional ActTerms of the Constitutional Act Divide the colony of Quebec into two Divide the colony of Quebec into two

sections based on ethnic lines – sections based on ethnic lines – Upper Canada (Ontario) and Lower Upper Canada (Ontario) and Lower Canada (Quebec)Canada (Quebec)

Each colony would be governed by Each colony would be governed by an appointed Governor and an appointed Governor and Executive Council, and an elected Executive Council, and an elected Legislative AssemblyLegislative Assembly


Terms of the Constitutional ActTerms of the Constitutional Act Reserved land (Crown reserves) was Reserved land (Crown reserves) was

used to pay for the colony’s used to pay for the colony’s expensesexpenses

British landholding and legal systems British landholding and legal systems were implemented in Upper Canadawere implemented in Upper Canada

Preservation of French-Catholic rights Preservation of French-Catholic rights is Lower Canadais Lower Canada


Historical Significance of the Historical Significance of the Constitutional ActConstitutional Act

Confirmed the existence of a French-Confirmed the existence of a French-Catholic province in Confederation Catholic province in Confederation

Provide the framework for Provide the framework for ConfederationConfederation

Match the provision with the ActMatch the provision with the Act

When you see a provision or When you see a provision or statement put up on the screen, tell statement put up on the screen, tell me which Act it is from;me which Act it is from;

The Royal ProclamationThe Royal Proclamation The Quebec ActThe Quebec Act The Constitutional ActThe Constitutional Act

Enlarged the size of QuebecEnlarged the size of Quebec

The Quebec Act!The Quebec Act!

Set aside all lands west of the Set aside all lands west of the Great Lakes for Aboriginal tribesGreat Lakes for Aboriginal tribes

The Royal ProclamationThe Royal Proclamation

17741774

The Quebec ActThe Quebec Act

Divide the colony of Quebec into two sections Divide the colony of Quebec into two sections based on ethnic lines – Upper Canada (Ontario) based on ethnic lines – Upper Canada (Ontario)

and Lower Canada (Quebec)and Lower Canada (Quebec)

The Constitutional ActThe Constitutional Act

Freedom of worship for CatholicsFreedom of worship for Catholics


17631763


Triggered in part by Pontiac’s Triggered in part by Pontiac’s UprisingUprising


Each colony would be governed by an Each colony would be governed by an appointed Governor and Executive Council, appointed Governor and Executive Council,

and an elected Legislative Assemblyand an elected Legislative Assembly The Constitutional ActThe Constitutional Act

It created resentment among the Thirteen Colonies It created resentment among the Thirteen Colonies because it disallowed westward expansion into the Ohio because it disallowed westward expansion into the Ohio River valley. This Act would fuel anti-British sentimentRiver valley. This Act would fuel anti-British sentiment


Quebec was reduced in sizeQuebec was reduced in size


Reversal of the Royal ProclamationReversal of the Royal Proclamation


British landholding and legal systems British landholding and legal systems were implemented in Upper Canadawere implemented in Upper Canada


British landholding and legal systems were British landholding and legal systems were implemented in Upper Canadaimplemented in Upper Canada

Preservation of French-Catholic rights is Lower Preservation of French-Catholic rights is Lower CanadaCanada


With growing unrest in the Thirteen With growing unrest in the Thirteen Colonies, the British intended to mend Colonies, the British intended to mend

relations with the Canadiensrelations with the Canadiens


French Civil Law replaced the French Civil Law replaced the British legal systemBritish legal system


Protestantism replaced Protestantism replaced CatholicismCatholicism


To provide familiar British-style rule To provide familiar British-style rule for the newly arrived Loyalistsfor the newly arrived Loyalists


Divide the colony of Quebec into two sections Divide the colony of Quebec into two sections based on ethnic lines – Upper Canada (Ontario) based on ethnic lines – Upper Canada (Ontario)

and Lower Canada (Quebec)and Lower Canada (Quebec)


It showed the Canadiens that the British It showed the Canadiens that the British government could not be trusted to protect government could not be trusted to protect

French cultureFrench culture The Royal ProclamationThe Royal Proclamation

chapter 4 british north america, 1760 - 1867. following the conquest, the british were faced with a...

Documents