Chapter 4: Circulatory Chapter 4: Circulatory SystemSystem

By: Ryan Salvato & Robbie By: Ryan Salvato & Robbie WynneWynne

Blood components and functionsBlood components and functions

Blood Blood

Blood is 55% plasma and 45% formed Blood is 55% plasma and 45% formed elementselements

Plasma is a transparent yellow liquid Plasma is a transparent yellow liquid without the blood cellswithout the blood cells

Plasma consists mainly of water Plasma consists mainly of water

Plasma is 5-8%Plasma is 5-8%

Formed elements include Erythrocytes Formed elements include Erythrocytes and Thrombocytesand Thrombocytes

Proteins in bloodProteins in blood

3 part/types of proteins3 part/types of proteins

Albumin-major protein in blood, maintains Albumin-major protein in blood, maintains water in the bloodstreamwater in the bloodstream

Globulins- antibodies produced to fight Globulins- antibodies produced to fight diseases diseases

Fibrinogen- aids in blood clottingFibrinogen- aids in blood clotting

Red blood cells (RBCs)Red blood cells (RBCs)

ErythrocytesErythrocytes

Carries the oxygen around the bodyCarries the oxygen around the body

Produced in the bone marrow Produced in the bone marrow (Erythropoiesis)(Erythropoiesis)

Immature RBCs contain a nucleus, found Immature RBCs contain a nucleus, found in the bloodstreamin the bloodstream

Red color given by the hemoglobin proteinRed color given by the hemoglobin protein

Adult dogs has 6-8million RBCs/mircoliterAdult dogs has 6-8million RBCs/mircoliter

White blood cells (WBCs)White blood cells (WBCs)

LeukocytesLeukocytes

Protect against diseaseProtect against disease

Part of the immune systemPart of the immune system

6-17 thousand/microliter6-17 thousand/microliter

Counts and types can help diagnose Counts and types can help diagnose infectious diseasesinfectious diseases

Neutrophil is the most predominant WBC Neutrophil is the most predominant WBC in animalsin animals

PlateletsPlatelets

ThrombocytesThrombocytes

Produced in bone marrowProduced in bone marrow

Aid in blood clottingAid in blood clotting

Platelets attach to edges of damaged Platelets attach to edges of damaged vessels plugging the holevessels plugging the hole

Heart StructureHeart Structure

The hearts 4 chambersThe hearts 4 chambers

2 that carry de-oxygenated blood2 that carry de-oxygenated blood

Right AtriumRight Atrium

Right Ventricle Right Ventricle

2 that carry oxygenated blood2 that carry oxygenated blood

Left AtriumLeft Atrium

Left VentricleLeft Ventricle

Heart valvesHeart valves

Heart valve stop the blood in the heart Heart valve stop the blood in the heart from flowing backwardsfrom flowing backwards

the 4 valves are:the 4 valves are:

Pulmonary valvePulmonary valve

Tricuspid valveTricuspid valve

Aortic valveAortic valve

Mitral valveMitral valve

Blood vessels and Blood flowBlood vessels and Blood flow

Purpose of the vena cavaPurpose of the vena cava

Caudal vena cava returns blood from Caudal vena cava returns blood from behind the heartbehind the heart

Cranial vena cava returns blood to the Cranial vena cava returns blood to the front of the heartfront of the heart

Carry the de-oxygenated blood to the right Carry the de-oxygenated blood to the right side of the heartside of the heart

Arteries and veins Arteries and veins

Arteries carry the de-oxygenated blood to Arteries carry the de-oxygenated blood to the lungs the lungs

Veins carry oxygenated blood back to the Veins carry oxygenated blood back to the heart to be pumped around the bodyheart to be pumped around the body

AortaAorta

The aorta carries the blood from the left The aorta carries the blood from the left side of the heart and carries it around the side of the heart and carries it around the bodybody

Includes:Includes:

Aorta Aorta

Abdominal aortaAbdominal aorta

Electrocardiograms, Heart Sounds Electrocardiograms, Heart Sounds and Blood Pressureand Blood Pressure

ElectrocardiographElectrocardiograph

Electronic instrument Electronic instrument

Picks up small electrical signals in the Picks up small electrical signals in the body fluid body fluid

Helps detect irregular beats as well as Helps detect irregular beats as well as other problems in the stream other problems in the stream

Electrocardiogram (ECG)Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Tracing made by electrocardiograph Tracing made by electrocardiograph

Letters identify the different peaks in the Letters identify the different peaks in the transmission transmission

Identifies problems with the contraction of Identifies problems with the contraction of the heart the heart

Problems indicated by rises in heart beat Problems indicated by rises in heart beat of damaged portions of the line of damaged portions of the line

Tachycardia Tachycardia

Indicates a heart rate that is faster than Indicates a heart rate that is faster than normal with a normal rhythm normal with a normal rhythm

Can be seen as a elevated heart rate Can be seen as a elevated heart rate

Heart MurmursHeart Murmurs

Occur from a defective valve or abnormal Occur from a defective valve or abnormal blood flow blood flow

Described as a prolonged swishing noise Described as a prolonged swishing noise

Systolic Murmur- AV leakage causes a lub-Systolic Murmur- AV leakage causes a lub-swish-dup sound, occurs during the swish-dup sound, occurs during the contraction of the ventriclescontraction of the ventricles

Diastolic Murmur- Creates a lub-dup-swish Diastolic Murmur- Creates a lub-dup-swish sound, occurs when blood leaks back into sound, occurs when blood leaks back into the ventricle when relaxingthe ventricle when relaxing

Blood PressureBlood Pressure

Maintained within a tight range Maintained within a tight range

Pressure receptors and some major Pressure receptors and some major arteries can detect a change arteries can detect a change

Pressure increase = decreased heart ratePressure increase = decreased heart rate

Pressure decrease = increased heart ratePressure decrease = increased heart rate

Clinical PracticeClinical Practice

Heart failureHeart failure

Condition in which the heart is unable to Condition in which the heart is unable to meet the demands of the animalmeet the demands of the animal

Not usually treated Not usually treated

Removed from the group of animalsRemoved from the group of animals

Autoimmune diseaseAutoimmune disease

RBCs are targeted RBCs are targeted

RBCs are killed faster than they are RBCs are killed faster than they are produced produced

Bone marrow tries to correct the low count Bone marrow tries to correct the low count & releases some immature RBCs& releases some immature RBCs

ShockShock

A life-threatening condition A life-threatening condition

Occurs when the body is not getting Occurs when the body is not getting enough blood flowenough blood flow

Can damage multiple organsCan damage multiple organs