chapter 4 - clinical assessment, mental health and mental disorders
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Clinical Assessment,
Mental Health and Mental Disorders
Chapter 4
Defining mental health and psychopathology
What is normal?
Standards for behavior change across time
What are the characteristics of people with good mental health? positive attitude toward self accurate perception of reality mastery of the environment Autonomy personal balance growth and self-actualization
Multidimensional life-span approach to psychopathology
Biological Forces
Physical problems provide clues
Physical problems may present as psychological
Psychological Forces
Key to understanding psychopathology
Normal changes in aging can mimic or cover up mental
disorders so it’s tricky
Sociocultural forces
Customs differ across cultures
Is it normal?
Or is it just crazy?
Life-Cycle factors
Past experiences
Ethnicity and mental health
Developmental issues in assessment and therapy
What is assessment?
MEASURI
NGUnderstanding
Predicting
Multidimensional assessment
Factors Influencing Assessment
Assessment methods
18-2930-44
45-64>65
00.5
11.5
22.5
33.5
4
% of depression
Depression
General Symptoms and Characteristics of People with Depression1. Dysphoria—feeling “down” or “blue”2. Accompanying physical symptoms
Insomnia Changes in appetite Diffused pain Trouble breathing Headaches Fatigue Sensory loss
Older ethnic minorities=higher rates of depression
Treatment of Depression
All forms of depression benefit from some form of therapy
Medication – selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) Fluoxetine (Prozac) Paroxetine (Paxil Sertraline (Zoloft) Escitalopram (LexaproOther types Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake
inhibitors (NDRI) Combined reuptake inhibitors and receptor
blockers Tetrecyclic antidepressants
Electroconvulsive therapyPsychotherapy
Behavior therapyCognitive therapy