chapter 4 colonial growth. section 1 life in the colonies
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 4
COLONIAL GROWTH
SECTION 1Life in the Colonies
NEW ENGLAND• Population Boost
• Women married early and formed large families
• Food Source
• Small farms depended on subsistence farming
• Subsistence farming: generally produce enough food to meet needs of families
NEW ENGLAND• Commerce
• Shipbuilding and Lumber Production
• Fishing
MIDDLE PASSAGE• Shipping of Enslaved Africans from Africa to West Indies
• Olaudah Equiano-
• First African American Literature “The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano”
• His narrative caused the British Slave Trade Act in 1807 (ended slavery)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REXNr-PUlnk
MIDDLE COLONIES• Commerce
• Cash crops
• Crops that could be sold into markets in colonies or overseas (wheat & livestock)
• Milder climate
• Fertile soil
• Iron Mills, Lumbering, Mining
MIDDLE COLONIES• Immigration (1607-1775): Near million people live there
• Mostly Germans (farmers)
• Most tolerance toward religions and cultures
Dori’s Descendant
SOUTHERN COLONIES• Commerce
• Plantations!
• Tobacco
• Virginia & Maryland
• First used indentured servants, but then switched w/ slaves
• Rice
• Georgia & South Carolina
• Slaves
SLAVERY • Overseers: Bosses who kept slaves working
• Slave Codes: Strict Rules over slaves
• No education
• Whipped or burned for crimes
SECTION 2Government, Religion, & Culture
GLORIOUS REVOLUTION• Charles II’s son James II attempts to take over supreme power
• Parliament put James into exile and replaced him with his daughter Mary and husband William of Orange (Dutch man)
• Elected Representatives more powerful than monarch
GLORIOUS REVOLUTION• William and Mary signed the English Bill of Rights
• DBQ TIME
MERCANTILISM DBQ
MERCANTILISM• Nation’s power wealth
• England depends on more exports than imports
• Navigation Acts (1651 & 1673)
• Colonies could only use English ships
• Colonies can only trade with England
• Reaction to Navigation Acts
• Colonists started to smuggle
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BxmB2DB10Ts
CHARTER COLONIES• Colonies given grants and privileges
• Elect own governors & members of legislature
• (Connecticut & Rhode Island)
PROPRIETARY COLONIES• Ruled by Proprietors
• Proprietors appointed governors & legislature
• (Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania)
ROYAL COLONIES• Directly ruled by Britain
• King appointed Governor & council
VOTING RIGHTS• Only white men with property can vote
GREAT AWAKENING• “New Birth” (1720s-1740s)
• Jonathan Edwards- powerful emotional preacher
• George Whitefield
FAMILY LIFE• Fathers head of households
• Sons as apprentices to artisans
• Women were under men’s authority
EDUCATION• New England had 85% literacy rate of men & 50% women
• Harvard (Puritans)
• William and Mary (Anglicans)
ENLIGHTENMENT• Movement that believed knowledge, science, and reason improved society
• Benjamin Franklin
SECTION 3 FRANCE & BRITAIN CLASH
CAUSE OF FRENCH-INDIAN WAR• Ohio River Valley
• Colonists pushing into French Lands
• French dislike encroachment
NATIVE AMERICANS• French had many allies
• Only interested to Trade
• Britain had few
• Wanted to take land
• Iroquois Confederacy (Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, and Oneida)
GEORGE WASHINGTON• Attempted to take back Ohio River Valley
• Led inexperienced militia to take Fort Duquesne
ALBANY PLAN OF UNION• Benjamin’s attempt to unite all colonies under one government
• Never worked
• Colonies did not want to give up power
SECTION 4: THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR• Edward Braddock sent from England with George Washington
• Marched to Fort Duquesne
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mphUZDdMpZA
SEVEN YEARS WAR• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=klsUToJ8MhY
PITT TAKES CHARGE• Promised Great Britain would pay for supplies of war
• (Cause of taxation on Colonists after the war)
FALL OF NEW FRANCE• British take Quebec from France
• TREATY OF PARIS 1763
• Britain gained Canada and lands east of Mississippi from France
• Britain gained Florida from Spain