chapter 4 medication preparations and supplies. oral
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 4Medication Preparations and Supplies
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Oral
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Tablet
Disc of compressed drug; may be coated to
enhance easy swallowing. May be
scored
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Enteric-coated tablet
Tablet with special coating that resists
disintegration by gastric juices
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Timed-release (Sustained-Release)
Capsule containing drug particles that have
various coatings that differ in the amount of time required before
coatings dissolve
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Lozenge
Tablet containing palatable flavoring, indicated for a local
(often soothing) effect on the throat or mouth
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SuspensionLiquid form of medication
that must be shaken well before administration
because the drug particles settle at the bottom of the bottle
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Emulsion
Liquid drug preparation that contains oils and
fats in water
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Elixir, fluid extract
Liquid drug forms with alcohol base
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Syrup
Sweetened, flavored liquid drug form
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Solution
Liquid drug form in which the drug is totally
evenly dissolved
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Rectal
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Suppository
Drug suspended in a substance, such as
cocoa butter, that melts at body temperature
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Enema solutuion
Drug suspended in solution to be
administered as an enema
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Injectable
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Solution
Drugs suspended in a sterile vehicle
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Powder
Dry particles of drugs to be mixed with a sterile
diluting solution
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Intravenous
Injected directly into a vein (immediate
absorption)
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Intramuscular
Injected into a muscle positioning the needle at a 90-degree angle
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subcutaneous
Injected into the fatty layer of tissue below the skin by positioning the needle at a 45-degree
angle
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intradermal
Injected just beneath the skin, by positioning the needle bevel up and
the syringe at a 15-degree angle
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epidural
Injected into a catheter that has been placed by an anesthesiologist in the epidural space of
the spinal canal.
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intracardiac
Injected directly into the heart
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intraspinalInjected into the subarachnoid space
which contains cerebrospinal fluid that
surrounds the spinal cord.
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Intracapsular (intra-articular)
Injected into the capsule of a joint, usually to reduce
inflammation as in bursitis
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Topical
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Cream or ointment
Semisolid preparation containing a drug
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lotion
A liquid preparation applied externally for
treatment of skin disorders
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liniment
Preparation for external use that is rubbed on
the skin as a counterirritant
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Dermal patchSkin patch containing drug
molecules that can be absorbed through the skin at varying rates to promote
a consistent blood level between application times
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Eye, ear, and nose drops (gtt)
Drugs in sterile liquids to be applied by drops
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Eye ointment
Sterile semisolid preparation, often
antibiotic in nature, for ophthalmic use only
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Vaginal CreamsMedicated creams, often of antibiotic or
antifungal nature that are inserted vaginally
with the use of a special applicator
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Rectal and Vaginal Suppositories
Drug suspended in a substance, such as
cocoa butter, that melts at body temperature,
for local effect
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Douche solutionSterile solution, often as an antiseptic such as povidone iodine solution and sterile water, used to irrigate the vaginal
canal.
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Buccal tablet
Tablet that is absorbed via the buccal mucosa
in the mouth
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Sublingual tablet
Tablet that is absorbed via the mucosa under
the tongue
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Inhalable
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Spray or MistLiquid drug forms that may be inhaled as fine droplets via the use of
spray bottles, nebulizers, or metered dose
inhalers.
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Gas
Anesthetics, such as nitrous oxide, that are
introduced via the respiratory route for general anesthesia