chapter 4 plant systems - clarke's...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 4 Plant Systems
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Remember?
Organism
Prokaryote Eukaryote
Singlecelled Multicelled
Animal Plant
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Distinguishing Features of Plants:
• Plants are typically green (caused by chlorophyll)• They all have structures which keep them anchored in one place
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Photosynthesis
Complexity of Plant Systems
chlorophyll CO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O6 + light
• Since plants make their own food they do not need to be mobile and therefore do not need the complex and coordinated organ systems found in animals
(Is this a balanced chemical equation?)
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Functions Plants have in Common with Animals
• Need to exchange gas with their surroundings• Require an internal transportation system to move water and nutrients• Have a way to reproduce
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Hierarchy of Organization
• Plant “organs” are referred to as plant parts• The two main body systems (parts)
Root system Shoot system
• Like animals, plants are made up of specialized cells, cells form together to make tissues• Plants have three main types of plant tissues:
Dermal tissue Vascular tissue Ground tissue
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Tissues
Dermal tissue system:• Tissues that form the outer surfaces of plant parts
Vascular tissue system:• Tissues specialized for the transportation of water, minerals, and nutrients
Ground tissue system:• Tissues that make up all the other structures within a plant
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Two Body Systems Two main functions:1﴿Conduct photosynthesis2﴿Produce flowers for sexual reproduction
Three main functions:1﴿Anchors the plant2﴿Absorbs water & minerals3﴿Stores food
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Root Systems
Banyan tree has aerial roots that grow downward
Mangroves have root systems that grow out of the water and soil.
Different types of plants have tremendous variation in their tissues and parts (organs) in order for them to thrive in their respective environment.
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Shoot System
Shoot system of flowering plants are made up of three parts:• The leaf• The flower• The stem
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The Leaf• Main photosynthetic structure of plant• Leaf cells contain chloroplasts which is the organelle that actually performs photosynthesis
Thylakoids flat disc like structures Contain chlorophyll in membranes
Granum Stacks of thylakoids Act as solar collectors
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The Flower
• Specialized structures developed for sexual reproduction• Contain male or female reproductive structures (sometimes both)
Male reproductive structures Produce pollen grains
Female reproductive structures Produce eggs Eggs are fertilized by pollen
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Pollination
• Pollination occurs when the female reproduction structure (eggs) are fertilized by the male reproductive structure (pollen)• Pollination needs the help of nature à the wind and other animals (insects, bats, birds)• After pollination the female flower parts form seeds à usually contained within a fruit
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The Stem
The stem has several functions:• Supports the branches, leaves, and flowers• Provides a way to transport materials within the plant
Contains significant amounts of vascular tissues, if you remember these tissues specialize in transportation
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Life Process Animals Plants
gas exchange
transportation of materials within an organism
reproduction
nutrition
respiration
excretion
movement and support
Use the table to compare the animal and plant systems to which organs or parts would perform each of the following processes in the respective organisms.
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