Chapter 4

Plants5th Grade Science

Plants

• Plants make their own _____. This process is called ___________ and takes place in their __________.

• Leaves are _______ made of _____ and _________.

• Layers of similar _______ make up the _______ in the leaf.

• Plant tissues are very similar to animal tissues.

cells

photosynthesisleaves

organs

food

tissues

cellstissues

Photosynthesis

• _______________ is the process that plants use to make sugar for food.

• Photosynthesis happens in the ___________ which are located in plant cells.

• In photosynthesis ____________ and ________ are used to make _________ and ____________.

• ___________ supplies the energy needed for photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis

chloroplasts

Carbon dioxidewater sugaroxygen

Sunlight

Chemical Equation for Photosynthesis

• Carbon dioxide + water → oxygen + sugar• The plant gets water from the _______ and

carbon dioxide through the ________ which are small pores on the underside of leaves.

• Once the plant makes the sugar it is transported to all of the ______ in the plants including the roots.

soilstomata

cells

Sugar

• Plants use some of the sugar immediately as _______ to continue the process of ____________ during the day.

• Some sugar is _______ to use at night.• Thousands of sugars combine in plant cells to

form ________.• ________ is a chemical that makes up the

strong _______ of plants.

energyphotosynthesis

stored

cellulose

CelluloseCell walls

Chlorophyll

• Inside of the chloroplasts are structures that look like plates called __________.

• Chlorophyll contains a ________ that gives the plant its color.

• The function of the chlorophyll is to absorb _________from the sun in the chloroplast.

• __________ gives the cell energy to make sugar from ___________ and ________.

chlorophyll

pigment

energy

SunlightCarbon dioxide water

Stems

• Stems provide ________ for the plant and hold the leaves and flowers.

• __________ plants have stems have a transport system just like the _____________ in the human body.

• The tissues in plant stems that transport materials are __________ and ________.

support

Vascular

Circulatory system

xylem phloem

Xylem and Phloem

• ________ - are tissues that carry materials from the roots to the leaves.– The _______ soak up the water from the soil.

_______ - are tissues in the shape of tubes that carry sugar away from the leaves.-The sugar from plants is dissolved in _______.-In trees, phloem is made below the ____. Dead phloem makes the bark.

Xylem

roots

Phloem

water

bark

Roots

• ___________ - anchor the plant into the ground and hold it in place as it grows.

• Root systems:– ___________ - a large root that grows straight

down. Taproots may store _______ for the plant. Small roots may grow sideways out of the main taproot.

– ________________ - many roots grow out in all directions.

Roots

Taprootfood

Fibrous root systems

Root Tip

• Roots grow longer because of special _________ near the root tip.

• At the __________, cells quickly divide and form new cells.

• The new ______ push the root further into the ground.

• Roots also _______ water for the plant.

tissues

Root Tip

cells

absorb

Functions of Roots

• Roots _________ a plant and may _______ food.

• Roots absorb ______ and ________ or ___________ from the soil.

• The materials that are taken in from the soil are used in the processes of ___________, ________, ____________, and ____________

anchor store

water minerals

nutrients

photosynthesisgrowth maintenance reproduction

Parts of a Plant

Parts of a Flower

• _______ - male part of a flower• __________ - a grainy yellow powder is made

in the stamen.• A single flower may have many_________.• ________ - female part of a flower.• _______ often has a wide bottom an a narrow

neck• A single flower may have more than one ____.

stamen

pollen

stamens

pistil

pistil

pistil

Flowers

• _______________ - do not have both a stamen and a pistil.

• _______________ - flowers with both male and female parts.

• _______________ - one flower unit is made up of hundreds of tiny flowers

• ________ - the moving of pollen from the stamen to the pistil.– ____________ - can involve the stamen and pistil of the

same plant or two different plants

Imperfect Flowers

Perfect Flowers

Composite Flowers

Pollination

Pollination

Pollination

• Pollination takes place in different ways.• _______ or ______ can move pollen. • ________, _____, or ________ moving from

plant to plant can transport pollen.• Some plant species are only pollinated in one

way while others can be pollinated in different ways.

wind water

insects bats birds

Pollination of a Pea Plant

• 1. Pollen sticks to the _________ at the end of the ________.

• 2. Pollen tubes grow down the _______ to the __________.

• 3. _________ from the pollen move down the tubes.

• 4. ___________ combines the DNA of both plants

pollenpistil

pistil

Egg cell

Sperm

Fertilization

Pollination / Parts of a flower

Seeds

• A seed is made of three main parts:– ____________– ____________– ____________The __________ is a covering that protects the new

plant and stores food.The __________ is the new plant contained in the

seed coat.The __________ is a stash of food stored in the seed

coat

Seed coatembryoendosperm

Seed coat

embryo

endosperm

Parts of a seed

Monocots / Dicots

• An _________ has structures called _________ or __________.

• ___________ - seeds that have one cotyledon – example: corn

• __________ - seeds that have more than one cotyledon – example: beans

embryo

Seed leaves cotyledons

Monocots

Dicots

Compare and Contrast

Spreading Seeds

• Some plants ______ their seeds on the ground and the seeds begin to grow.

• _________ are helpful in scattering seeds.• The seeds of berries pass through the

_______________ of animals and are eliminated as waste.

• Outside conditions such as _________ and __________ must be right before the plant can begin to grow.

drop

animals

Digestive system

temperaturemoisture

Spores

• __________ and ________ are plants that do not produce flowers.

• The life cycle of these plant have _______:– ____________ – ____________- fern and mosses use _______ to

reproduce.A plant ________ is a single plant cell that can

develop into a new plant.

mosses ferns

Two parts

fertilization

reproduction spores

spore

Differences between spores and seeds

• Spores do not have a multicellular _________• Spores are not made by __________• Both spores and seeds have____________• Reproducing without sperm cells and egg

cells:– _________ reproduction – there is only one

parent– The offspring are identical to the parent– ___________ and ____________

embryo

fertilization

Stored food

Asexual

Runners Budding

Runners and Budding

• ________- growing new plants from stems or roots of the plant. Example: strawberries

• __________- buds form on the plant and drop off to grow as separate plants.

Runners

Budding

Life Cycle of a Moss plant

• Page 109

How Do Plants Grow?

• A plants growth depends on ______ and its ___________ conditions

• ____________ - when a seed sprouts • _______ will grow out of a seed __________• ________ will grow out of a seed _________• _________ - genetic information that instructs

the plant on how to grow and in what conditions

DNA

Environmental

Germination

roots downward

stems upward

DNA

Tropisms

• ___________ - ways in which the plant changes direction to get what it needs

• Tropisms often occur when the ___________ conditions change.

• _____will grow faster on one side of the plant causing the plant to bend in a certain direction.

• _____________ - kind of chemical that affects plant growth.

Tropisms

environmental

cells

Growth hormone

Growth Hormone in Plants

• Growth hormones in plants cause more cells to grow in the plant.

• The hormone may make the plant grow larger• Plants make their own growth hormone.