chapter 4: review. civil liberties the bill of rights protects americans civil liberties freedom to...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 4: Review
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Civil Liberties
The Bill of Rights protects Americans civil liberties
Freedom to think and act without government interference
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Petition How we express ideas to the government
If you have an idea or complaint you can write a letter to your Representative
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Fourth Amendment
Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures
No soldier, government agent, or police officer can search your home without cause.
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Double Jeopardy
Person found not guilty cannot be retried for the same crime
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Sixth Amendment
Gives right to hire attorneys
Gives additional due process rights to people accused of crimes
Speedy, public trial
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Bail
A sum of money used as a security deposit
Allows one to remain free until trial
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Segregation
Social separation of the races
African-Americans had to sit in back of buses, sit in different sections of restaurants
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Discrimination
Unfair treatment based on prejudice
"Jim Crow" laws required African-American and whites to be separated in most public places
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Dr. Martin King, Jr.
Main leader of the Civil Rights Movement
Non-violence resistance
Believed in peaceful protests
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Affirmative ActionEncouraged the hiring and promoting of minorities
In fields that were previously closed to them
Try to make up for past discrimination
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Chapter 5 Review
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Voting
How Americans give consent to the government
By electing political leaders and voting for or against proposed measures
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Vandalism
Failure to respect the rights and property of others
More than disrespect, this act is a CRIME!
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Active Participants
Taking an active role in the community
Communities and governments need people to be involved in order to work
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Equality
Equal treatment under the law
There are no degrees of American citizenship; meaning that everyone is treated equally
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Chapter 6: Review
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Senators
Elected by the citizens in their states
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Speaker of the House
The leader of the House of Representatives
Most powerful member of the House
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President pro tempore
Acts as chairperson of Senate
Not as powerful as the Speaker of the House
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Chapter 8: Review
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Ninth Circuit
Judicial circuit that includes the west coast
The United States is divided into 12 judicial circuits
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Jurisdiction
Court's authority to hear and decide cases
The Supreme Court has jurisdiction
in cases involving the Constitution
Violations of federal laws
Controversies between states
And others
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Appeals
Reviews decisions made in lower courts
People who lose a case can appeal to a higher court
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Marbury v. Madison
Supreme Court claimed the power of judicial review
Helped make the judicial branch equal to the executive and legislative branches
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Judicial Review
Supreme Court decides if a law is constitutional or not
Established by Marbury v. Madison
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Chapter 12:Review
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Federal System(Federalism)
Central and state governments share power
The United States is a federal system. Alabamians are governed by the U.S. Constitution and the Alabama State Constitution
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Grants-in-aid
Helps states pay for programs
States must contribute some of their own money, and follow the rules set by Congress in order to receive these grants
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Chapter 13: Review
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States ConstitutionsUsually sets out the powers and duties of local governments
Regulates the way local governments state and local governments can raise and spend money
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Parole
Early release from prison
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Secretary of State
State cabinet members vary among the states
Most Secretary of State manages elections and keeps state's records
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Commute
A governor can reduce a criminal's sentence by issuing a commute
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Home Rule
Allows cities to write their own charters and manage their own affairs
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County
Largest territorial and political subdivision of a state
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Town Meetings
Mostly used in the New England states
Form of direct democracy
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Chapter 27: Review
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Human Rights
Fundamental rights that belong to everyone
Include freedom form illegal imprisonment and torture
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Absolute Monarchs
Hereditary rulers with unlimited authority
Ruled as they wish
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Totalitarian
Government's control extends to almost all aspects of daily life
Ban political opposition, regulate what farms and industries produce
Suppress civil liberties
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Republic
Representative government in which no leaders inherit office
Voters hold sovereign power
Representative democracy, republic, and constitutional republic= United States
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Constitutional Monarchy
Power of the ruler is limited by a constitution and laws
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Tradition and Customs
Great Britain's Constitution is based on four elements
1. Magna Carta
2. Bill of Rights
3. Laws and court decisions
4. Traditions and customs- most influenced by the people
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Parliamentary
Great Britain's contribution to the world was the development of the parliamentary system
Modeled by Britain, most democratic countries follow this system of government
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Authoritarian Governments
Opposite of Democratic governments
Power is held by an individual or group not accountable to the people