Chapter 4, Section 3Chapter 4, Section 3Extending the Bill of Extending the Bill of

RightsRights

Main IdeaMain Idea

The Amendments adopted after the Bill of The Amendments adopted after the Bill of Rights extended liberties and voting rights to Rights extended liberties and voting rights to African Americans, women, and other African Americans, women, and other minorities. minorities.

I.I. Protecting All AmericansProtecting All Americans (109-112)(109-112)

A.A. At first, the Bill of Rights applied only to At first, the Bill of Rights applied only to white males. It also applied only to the white males. It also applied only to the national government, not to state or local national government, not to state or local governments. governments.

***Eventually, the Amendments and court ***Eventually, the Amendments and court rulings made Bill of Rights apply to all rulings made Bill of Rights apply to all levels.***levels.***

B.B. The Civil War amendmentsThe Civil War amendments-- the 13th, 14th, the 13th, 14th, and 15and 15thth Amendments extended civil liberties Amendments extended civil liberties to African Americans.to African Americans.

C.C. 13th Amendment-13th Amendment- outlawed slavery, freeing outlawed slavery, freeing thousands of African Americans.thousands of African Americans.

***After the Civil War, many southern states ***After the Civil War, many southern states passed “black codes” that limited the rights passed “black codes” that limited the rights of African Americans.***of African Americans.***

D.D. 14th Amendment-14th Amendment- defines a citizen as defines a citizen as anyone born or naturalized in U.S. All anyone born or naturalized in U.S. All citizens would have equal protection. “Equal citizens would have equal protection. “Equal Protection Claus”Protection Claus”

E.E. 14th Amendment also nationalized Bill of 14th Amendment also nationalized Bill of Rights by forbidding state governments from Rights by forbidding state governments from interfering with rights of citizens. interfering with rights of citizens.

***The Supreme Court upheld this ***The Supreme Court upheld this interpretation of the amendment in Gitlow interpretation of the amendment in Gitlow vs. New York.***vs. New York.***

Gitlow V. New York Gitlow V. New York

1. Why was Gitlow arrested?1. Why was Gitlow arrested?

2. What was he promoting? 2. What was he promoting?

3. What two Amendments were called into 3. What two Amendments were called into Question?Question?

4. Who did the Court side with?4. Who did the Court side with?

5. What was the reasoning behind their decision? 5. What was the reasoning behind their decision?

F.F. 15th Amendment15th Amendment - no state may take away a - no state may take away a person’s voting rights on the basis, of race, person’s voting rights on the basis, of race, color, or previous enslavement. It was color, or previous enslavement. It was intended to guarantee intended to guarantee suffragesuffrage. .

GG. . SuffrageSuffrage-- the right to vote the right to vote

***Created so African Americans could vote. ***Created so African Americans could vote. However, it only applied only to men!***However, it only applied only to men!***

H.H. According to the Constitution, state According to the Constitution, state legislatures were to choose senators. This was legislatures were to choose senators. This was overturned by the 17overturned by the 17thth Amendment. Amendment.

I.I. 17th Amendment-17th Amendment- allows voters to elect allows voters to elect senators directly. senators directly.

J.J. The Constitution did not grant or deny women The Constitution did not grant or deny women the right to vote. As a result, states made their the right to vote. As a result, states made their own decisions. own decisions.

K.K. 19th Amendment-19th Amendment- establishing women’s establishing women’s rights to vote in all elections. rights to vote in all elections.

L.L. Because Washington, D.C., is a district, not a Because Washington, D.C., is a district, not a state, its citizens could not vote in national state, its citizens could not vote in national elections. elections.

M.M. 23rd Amendment23rd Amendment-- established D.C.’s right established D.C.’s right to vote in national elections. to vote in national elections.

N.N. In the south, people paid In the south, people paid poll taxespoll taxes to vote. to vote. Because many African Americans were poor Because many African Americans were poor and whites could not afford to pay, they could and whites could not afford to pay, they could not vote. not vote.

O.O. Poll Tax-Poll Tax- requires voters to pay a sum of requires voters to pay a sum of money to voice their opinion. money to voice their opinion.

P. P. 24th Amendment-24th Amendment- outlawed poll taxes. outlawed poll taxes.

Q. Q. 26th Amendment-26th Amendment- guaranteed the right to guaranteed the right to vote to citizens 18 and older. Before this, vote to citizens 18 and older. Before this, most states had a voting age of 21. most states had a voting age of 21.

Mini QuizMini Quiz!!! !!! Marvin Gaye- What’s Goin OnMarvin Gaye- What’s Goin On

1. What three Amendments were known as the 1. What three Amendments were known as the “Civil War” Amendments?“Civil War” Amendments?

2. Suffrage is? 2. Suffrage is? 3. What Amendment granted women the right to 3. What Amendment granted women the right to

vote?vote?4. Which Amendment is credited for freeing 4. Which Amendment is credited for freeing

thousands of slaves? thousands of slaves? 5. When the Bill of Rights were added in 1791 5. When the Bill of Rights were added in 1791

who did it apply to? who did it apply to?