Chapter 4: What Were the Effects of Japans Policies of Isolation During the Edo Period?How Did the Geography of Japan Affect its Worldview?

How Did the Edo Era of Great Peace Begin?

Why Did Japan Isolate Itself From Much of the World?

How Did the Political System During the Edo Period Reflect Worldview?

How Did Societal Systems Change During Isolation?

How Did Communities Change During Isolation?

How Did the Popular Culture of Japan Change During Isolation?

How Did Foreign Influence Change Japan Despite Policies of Isolation?

Imagine Living on an IslandYou live on a island full of people just like you. You have never met other people from different societies.What are the good things about living on your island? The bad? How do those affect your worldview?Ships have arrived in your harbour and they brought goods to trade for resources. They also brought people to teach you about their beliefsWhat are your responses?Which one would you select to deal with the visitors. Why did you select this?

GoodBad

How Did the Geography of Japan Affect its Worldview?Japan is composed of a long, narrow series of islands along the Eastern Pacific coast of AsiaFour main islands (From north to south)HokkaidoHonshu (the main island)ShikokuKyushu Also about 3000 smaller islands

How Did the Geography of Japan Affect its Worldview?

How Did the Geography of Japan Affect its Worldview?73% of Japan is mountainousmeans there is little flat land for farming/cultivationvalleysalong the coastlineterraces on the hills and mountainsAlso on a volcanic zone that rings the Pacific OceanRing of FireFrequent earthquakes/tremorsSome volcanic activityMany deep and quick rivers

How Did the Geography of Japan Affect its Worldview?Japan is a very humid and wet countryFour seasonsCool in the north and sub-tropical in the southThe moisture allows rice and fruit to grow

How Did the Geography of Japan Affect its Worldview?Societies that develop on islands are quite isolatedMountains and the ocean provide natural barriersClose to dominating culturesAspects of those cultures filter in

How Did the Geography of Japan Affect its Worldview?Using the map on page 128 answer the following:In 16th century Japan there were many different areas ruled by different rulers and they were constantly at war with each other. How might have the geography help the people defend themselves?Do you think that it would be easy or difficult to prevent foreigners from visiting Japan? Explain.

Creating Your Island

Assignment: Creating Your Island

How Did the Great Edo Era of Great Peace Begin?Imagine Living On Your Island

What if on your island there were 5 different groups of people. Each one of them are fighting with the other. What would you do to bring peace to your island? What steps would you take?

Ways to Solve the Issue: Fighting Groups

How Did the Great Edo Era of Great Peace Begin?

With a partner read page 132-133 and fill in the missing information on your handouts.

How Did the Great Edo Era of Great Peace Begin?In 1500 Japan was not a unified country250 smaller groups each with their own emperor and a commander called a daimyoThe daimyos were constantly at war with each other trying to increase their land, wealth, and power

How Did the Great Edo Era of Great Peace Begin?Although the emperor was considered the supreme ruler the real power of authority was with the shogunThey were the leader of the military governmentThere are three shoguns given credit for unifying Japan in the late 1500sOda NobunagaToyotomi HideyoshiTokugawa Ieyasu

How Did the Great Edo Era of Great Peace Begin?Oda NobunagaIn 1568 he gained control of 1/3 of the provinces of JapanKyoto was included which was the seat of the emperor and courtToyotomi HideyoshiIn 1582 he succeeded Nobunaga and continued reforms to the government and social systemsTokugawa IeyasuUnited Japan around 1600His successors ruled Japan until 1868 from a city called Edo (present day Tokyo)

Changes Under the Three ShogunsOda Nobunaga

Reduced the influence of Buddhists control over Japanese politicsBuilt a series of castles to defend landsIntroduced new administrative practices to pave the way to a unified Japan

Changes Under the Three ShogunsToyotomi Hideyoshi

Continued to centralize government powerSurveyed the country and changed the tax on the land from money to quantities of riceCreated a society based on a formal class structure that included samurai, farmers, artisans, and merchantsCreated a standing armyMade a rule that you could no longer be part farmer, part warrior. You had to pick one or the otherTried to expand territory by attacking China and Korea but was defeated by bothSupported painters and new types of drama

Changes Under the Three ShogunsTokugawa Ieyasu

Established his government base in EdoFinalized the unification of Japan

How Did the Great Edo Era of Great Peace Begin?

How Did the Great Edo Era of Great Peace Begin?-QuestionsHow did legalizing the formal social system created by Toyomi Hideyoshi reflect the values and beliefs of Japan at the time?

The three shoguns had different leadership styles. What can you learn from this quote?

If confronted by a caged nightingale that would not sing,Nobunaga would kill the bird, Hideyoshi would force it to sing,and Ieyasu would wait for it to sing.

Why Did Japan Isolate Itself from Much of the World?Imagine Your IslandAfter many years your island has began to attract more visitors than before. Remember these visitors are bringing addictive substances (tobacco, liquor) and are trying to push their religious values on you.A). What are some possible reasons/influences you would want to start to isolate yourself from these visitors?

B). How would you start to begin to isolate your island?

Why Did Japan Isolate Itself from Much of the World?Imagine Your IslandAfter many years your island has began to attract more visitors than before. Remember these visitors are bringing addictive substances (tobacco, liquor) and are trying to push their religious values on you.A). What are some possible reasons/influences you would want to start to isolate yourself from these visitors?

B). How would you start to begin to isolate your island?

Isolating Your IslandReasons/Influences

Isolating Your IslandHow would you do it?

Why Did Japan Isolate Itself from Much of the World?

With a partner read pages 134-136 filling in the notes sheet.

Why Did Japan Isolate Itself from Much of the World?There are two main reasons why the shoguns of Japan wanted to isolate from the rest of the worldForeign InfluencesThe Spread of Christianity

Why Did Japan Isolate Itself from Much of the World?Foreign InfluencesAt the beginning of the Edo period Japan was actively trading with many different countriesTrade routes with Korea in the 15th century to control piracy China in the 16th century with a network of trading stations that the Europeans also usedJapanese trading ships sailed to the Philippines and as far as Siam (Thailand)European ships were also docking in Japanese harbours to trade their goods

Why Did Japan Isolate Itself from Much of the World?

Why Did Japan Isolate Itself from Much of the World?The Spread of ChristianityMany European ships were carrying Roman Catholic missionaries who wanted to convert the citizens of JapanBetween 1549-1587 missionaries converted 150 000 Japanese to Christianity in the Nagasaki areaIn 1587 Shogun Hideyoshi ordered all missionaries to leave and executed 26 missionaries

Why Did Japan Isolate Itself from Much of the World?Shogun Tokugawa did not want the Japanese people exposed to the European culture and Western ideasHe was also concerned because the Europeans were establishing colonies around the worldThis would have undone of the unification workTo ensure Japans safety he decided to only allow foreign ships to land at one port: the island of Deshima in the Nagasaki Bay

Why Did Japan Isolate Itself from Much of the World?After Shogun Ieyasu died, the Bakufu became more concerned of the movement of Christianity Concerned Christians would follow their spiritual leader rather than the shogun as their ultimate authorityAfraid of losing absolute control they introduced a series of edicts

Why Did Japan Isolate Itself from Much of the World?The National Seclusion PolicyThe Bakufu passed a series of strict edicts to control the influence of foreigners and to tighten control over the daimyoThe National Seclusion Policy was created over six years from 1633 to 1639. It set out controls on the interaction between Japanese and foreigners.

Why Did Japan Isolate Itself from Much of the World?Key terms of the policyJapanese ships are strictly forbidden to travel to foreign countriesNo Japanese are permitted to travel abroad. Those who attempt are executedIf any Japanese return from foreign lands after residing there, they are to be executedIf any Westerners (southern barbarians) attempt to teach Christianity they are to be put into prisonNo single trading city shall be permitted to purchase all the merchandise brought by foreign shipsPortuguese ships are banned from Japanese ports. Any who disobey will be destroyed and its crew executed

Why Did Japan Isolate Itself from Much of the World?

What aspects of its worldview led Japan to make the decision to close its borders to the Western World? Describe the historical context that led to this key event happening.

Confucian Beliefs and Values

Thinking About Your IslandWhat kind of beliefs and values would you like to see on your island? How would you promote these?

Beliefs and Values of Your Islands

Confucian Beliefs and ValuesWith a partner read page 137Make a list of the important values in ConfucianismHow did they effect the worldview?Each group will select a value and explain it to the class (their own definition)Each group will select a effect on the worldview and debate if it was positive or negative.Are there any codes of behavior in Canadian society? How do they parallel Confucian values?

Confucian Beliefs and ValuesWhat are the beliefs and values?

Confucian Beliefs and ValuesWhat are the beliefs and values?Emphasize the relationship between human beings, rather than the idea of a god. Each person has a role in society.The past is importantStresses objective reasoning as the basis of learning

Confucian Beliefs and ValuesHow did they affect the worldview?

Confucian Beliefs and ValuesHow did they affect the worldview?Shoguns ruled in a caring manner and in return the people were expected to be loyal and carry out the functions of their social groupImportance of the past and traditions were recorded in historyConfucian meshed with BuddhismThe Shinto religion emphasized the importance of ancestorsSchools set up to follow a form of study based on observation and questioning

How Did the Political System During the Edo Period Reflect Worldview?Thinking about your IslandWhat kind of political system would you have to rule your island? What reasons would you have for picking your government?How would you keep control of your government?

Your IslandThe Political Systems

Your IslandHow you kept control

How Did the Political System During the Edo Period Reflect Worldview?During the Edo period the political system in Japan was very hierarchalDomains (provinces) were governed by a daimyoEach of them was a feudal lord with lands to ruleDaimyo had to pledge allegiance to the shogun and worked under his ruleThey had complete administrative control over the lands and expected those who lived on them to follow his rule

How Did the Political System During the Edo Period Reflect Worldview?There were two levels of governmentHan-the local government in each domain/province was ruled by the daimyoBakufu-highest level of government lead by the shogunThe shogun also was a feudal lord and also had to rule a HanAdditional responsibilitiesRuling social classes, maintaining order, national policies

The Political SystemThe Shogun-RulerBakufu-GovernmentDaimyo-Local RulerHan-Local GovernmentDaimyo-Local RulerHan-Local GovernmentDaimyo-Local RulerHan-Local GovernmentAll inhabitants of the domainAll inhabitants of the domainAll inhabitants of the domain

How Did the Bakufu Control the Daimyo?Personal relationships were very important between the shogun and the daimyoDaimyo divided into 3 classesThey can never move out of these classesThose most trusted and loyalNobel of the Tokugawa familyThose with little standing because they may have opposed the shogun

How Did the Bakufu Control the Daimyo?To keep the daimyos from becoming too wealthy and powerful a few laws were in placeThere is no unnecessary contact between the neighboring daimyoThere are to be only one castle in each domain. Detailed maps must also be supplied to the BakufuDaimyos must support public building projectsDaimyos must spend every second year in EdoMarriages of daimyo must have permission of the BakufuTravel and ship building is restricted

How Did the Bakufu Control the Daimyo?

The ranking of the daimyo affected everythingDetermined the size and location of residence in EdoNumber of samurai they were allowed to haveWhere they would be seated in the audience chamberDetermined the status of all those in their HanTheir credit rating and commercial relationship

How Did the Bakufu Control the Daimyo?

The Bakufu had great power over the daimyoThey could relocate them or abolish themIt also created laws impossible for them to become rich and powerful

How Did the Political System During the Edo Period Reflect Worldview?

Why where there so many rules placed on the daimyos?

Why would they would they want to control the daimyos?

How Did the Political System During the Edo Period Reflect Worldview?Why is the Edo castle preserved and used as part of the Emperors household today in Tokyo?

How Did Social Systems Change During Isolation?Your IslandFor your island create a social system that would describe the different roles of citizensWould some levels of your social system have power/some power/little power?What shape would your system take?What is the title of the leader of your island?Remember, be creative!!!

How Did Social Systems Change During Isolation?Island Social Systems

How Did Social Systems Change During Isolation?

Assignment: Japanese Social SystemsRead pages 141-145 and complete the assignment

The Japanese Social Structure

The Japanese Social Structure

Rank in SocietyQuick Description (one sentence)FactsShogunHighestThe man in charge of the government SamuraiSecond HighestMen who were hereditary warriors. Some were daimyos.Held the most prestigious position next to the shogunLived by a code of behavior called bushidoTold the samurai to be models of cultural, moral and intellectual developmentWith the peace there were no more wars for the samurai to fight inThey were called upon to help govern the domainsManage affairs of the daimyoSupport the daimyo residencies in EdoThe Bakufu changed how samurai could gain court titles and rankings (nobility)Gave highest ranks to those who supported the shogunRemoved names of warrior leaders from court lists so they would remain separate from the nobilityFirst class to become literateRole changed from warrior to civil administrator during isolation

The Japanese Social Structure

Rank in SocietyQuick DescriptionFactsFarmersThird highestPeople who farmed the landPrivileged position because they were responsible for production of rice, the basis of food in the countryThey were not allowed to leave their lands or villageDaimyo did not want to lose profitsThere were two groups of farmersThe honbyakushoPrincipal farmersControled specific land plots and owned own homesThe hyakushoOrdinary farmersForced to work and could not own anythingAs production increased for farmers the tax did notDaimyo put strict rules on the farmers to control themArtisansFourth HighestPeople who made useful or decorative objectsLived in the cities/townsMade objects for daily lifeCreated goods for trade

The Japanese Social Structure

Rank in SocietyQuick DescriptionFactsMerchantsThird lowestPeople who distributed goods but did not contribute through laborMany artisans and merchants began to accumulate wealth for their labor and formed the growing middle classBecame more important as the cities grew Providing goods to the populationMany merchant families created Japans banking systemPlayed an important role in helping Japan transition to a modern society

The Japanese Social Structure

Rank in SocietyQuick DescriptionFactsOutcasts (Eta)Second LowestPeople who had jobs related to death of animals or humans, such as tanning hides and removing corpsesCalled EtaLived outside of the villages and townsPrimarily were slaughtering animals, disposing and tanning animal carcasses, executions, removal of bodiesTouching the dead was against Buddhist doctrines and so the Eta were shunnedWithin the Eta community they had managersThey would organize the Eta Policed them Eta were not allowed to do any other job that was not assigned to themThey were allowed to enter towns to sell items but were not allowed to enter shopsOther social classes would not enter their community unless forced to for business

The Japanese Social Structure

Rank in SocietyQuick DescriptionFactsNon-humans (Hinin)LowestPeople who survived by begging, acting, telling fortunes and other activities that were frowned uponCalled HininTheir status was not inherited but based on their actionsFortune tellingBeggingActingProstitutionThey lived by their own witsLived outside the rules of hierarchy was frowned uponThe did have a role in societyPerformed festivalsEntertainmentThey did have their own laws and chiefsAnyone who was expelled from their class could joinKilling a Hinin was not considered murder because they were non-humans

The Japanese Social Structure

Interacting in the Social System

In your groups you will begin to create a play based on the interactions in the Japanese social system.

Interacting in the Social System Project

+=-Script-script is exceptionally organized and great to read and follow-the script is well organized and easy to read and follow-the script is not organized and difficult to followLength-the play is 5 minutes in length-the play is less than five minutes in length but greater than four-the play is less than 4 minutes in length and greater than 5:30Group Involvement-everyone in the group has a clear role-some members in the group have a clear role-few members in the group have a clear roleHistorically Accuracy-the actors portray the roles with exceptional accuracy -the actors portray the roles accurately-there is little historical accuracy in the roles

Interacting in the Social System ProjectWhy???

Thinking About Your IslandAfter closing your borders to the surrounding islands how would you predict the major communities would change?Along major roads/riversAround major towns/cities/places of trade

How Did Communities Change During Isolation?

How Did Communities Change During Isolation?There was a network of quality roads through out Japan The shogun had these made so the daimyos could easily make their annual trip to EdoHe controlled five major roadways that went through most of Japan

How Did Communities Change During Isolation?The regular movement of people on these roads had a huge effect on the economies of the domains and nationsDaimyos would need accommodations, food, ect during their tripsArtisans and merchants would set up shops along the road ways to cater to travelersPost stations, supplies, rest stops, ectMany of these stopping points developed into larger centers

How Did Communities Change During Isolation?Because of the increased growth of large centers into cities the link between rural and urban centers became very importantThe cities were not self-sufficient and relied on the rural communities

How Did Communities Change During Isolation?The castle towns created in each domain also experienced growthArtisan and merchant families would travel to them to provide goods for the farmers, samurai and daimyoThis caused the economies of the castle towns to grow

How Did Communities Change During Isolation?Because of the growth of castle towns into major cities, urbanization changed the nature of Japanese societyMany people wanted to move into the cities but a rural life was still valuedA communication network was set in place so communities be connected

How Did Communities Change During Isolation?

How Did Communities Change During Isolation?

Assignment: Cause and Effect: Japanese CommunitiesWith a partner you are to complete the cause and effect chart

How Did Communities Change During Isolation?

Assignment: From Castles to CitiesComplete the assignment individually to discover more about Japans major cities during the Edo period

From Castles to Cities

City/ MetropolisReasons Why it Became a MetropolisEdo-large city and government center -chosen because easy trade by sea with Kyoto and Osaka-easy to defend -designed around landscape to fit more people (hills and water) -used water ways to travel around city -center of military government -many daimyos and families stayed there at one time -artisans and merchants came from all over to cater to needs-merchants were encouraged to create large businesses-Bakufu created ways to supply utilities and protection (mostly fire) to the city

From Castles to Cities

City/ MetropolisReasons Why it Became a MetropolisKyoto-capital of Japan before moved to Edo-easy access to rivers/seas and at the crossroads of many land routes-mountains protected as well as provided fertile soil -known for its silk production/luxury items-Bakufu put few restraints on commerce in the city so merchants grew rich-less emphasis on class and structure-became center for wood block printing and beautiful maps of cities

From Castles to Cities

City/ MetropolisReasons Why it Became a MetropolisOsaka-created around a protected harbour -used rivers to ship good to other cities-became center of Japans economy-Buddhist temple-areas of good farmland surrounded-became center of rice market in Japan-they set the standard price of rice

How Did Popular Culture of Japan Change During Isolation?Class DiscussionCreate a web diagram describing elements of popular cultureWhat are some aspects of Canada's popular culture?

Canadas Popular Culture Web-Diagrams

Popular Culture Web-Diagrams

How Did Popular Culture of Japan Change During Isolation?Because of wealth increasing in Japan the popular culture began to changeDesire for luxury itemsLeisure time for theater, literature and artsMerchants/Samurai/DaimyosSupported artists, sculptors, painters, artisans, architects, gardeners, education of samurai, ectSamurai were known more for accomplishments than their rank

How Did Popular Culture of Japan Change During Isolation?

Group AssignmentIn groups of four you will complete the assignment Japanese Popular Culture Web-Diagram

Japanese Popular Culture WebKabuki TheaterBecame very popular with all the classes Focused around the dilemmas of everyday lifePerformed by non-humansNo women actresses after 1629Thought that they were corrupting the art

Japanese Popular Culture WebBanraku TheaterA puppet theater only for adults Performed by non-humans

Japanese Popular Culture WebGeishasSome women are trained to be geishas They were expected to be able to demonstrate all the correct forms of etiquetteTheir appearance and behavior reflected the cultural values of the time

Japanese Popular Culture WebWoodblock ImagesOnce an artist created a image they would then carve out the major lines into a wooden block so that paints can be applied and then pressed onto other canvasesMostly focused on nature and daily lives of commoners

Japanese Popular Culture WebBooksBooks were printed using the wooden block method Was a private industry not controlled by BakufuThere was some forbidden subjects:ChristianityAnything to disrupt public orderNothing offensive to public morals

Japanese Popular Culture WebLiteraturePros gradually became less formal and the language became much more simpler and less sophisticated Writers usually wrote on aspects of everyday lifeBasho Matsuo created the haiku which influence many people

Basho MatsuoIn your same group of four you are to read pages 155-156 and write down your discussion on answering question #1 on page 156.

How does your popular culture compare to Edo Japans?

ElementPresent DayEdo JapanWhy?

How Did Foreign Influence Change Japan Despite Policies of Isolation?The Closed Country edicts did not totally isolate Japan during the Edo periodChina and Korea were allowed limited accessSome Japanese officials were allowed to visit Ryuku Islands and Korea

China still influenced Japanese learning and cultureTheir goods were still allowed into the country

How Did Foreign Influence Change Japan Despite Policies of Isolation?The Dutch also had some effects on Japan during isolationThey were allowed to trade in certain portsImpacted Japanese learningMostly in the area of medicine-surgery Dutch books and language were very popular among intellectuals

How Did Foreign Influence Change Japan Despite Policies of Isolation?These cultural impacts eventually changed the worldview of the shogunHe became interested in western ideas and literatureHe relaxed restrictions on importing books and learning the Dutch languageAllowed scholars to study European science and art

How Did Foreign Influence Change Japan Despite Policies of Isolation?The shogun became more interested in Western writings and ideas in the early 1700s. What events would be caused by the shogun showing more interest at this time? What would have happened to him if that happened in the early 1600s?

Mini Position Paper for TestHow did the lives of the samurai change during isolation?Lots of info on page 157Remember.3 ways the samurai lives changedThe format of the paperThesis paragraphSupport paragraph #1Support paragraph #2Support paragraph #3Conclusion paragraph

Review for Chapter Test!!!Do I Get it Or Not Study Sheet

Social System Review Assignment-Pre and Post Edo Japan

Test Make UpFewer multiple choice questionsQuestions will focus on the big question in the chapterA political cartoon to analyzeMini-position paper to write