Chapter 45-47 from SFH

How Do You Use Sources Responsibly?

How Do You Use Sources?

How Do Introduce and Quote from Sources?

How Do You Evaluate A Source?

• Consider the purpose of the source.– Who is its intended audience?– What is its reason for being?

• Consider the authority and reputation of the source.

• Consider the credentials of authors and sponsoring agencies.

Chapter 45

Once you have gathered the best sources (and note I did not write the most “handy”) the task is then how

will you handle them?

• Annotate

• Summarize

• Paraphrase

Chapter 46

Annotate

• Falls under “careful reading mentioned.• Adding text to the text to emphasize or explain or

just express one's own option.• Do so only when you own the text (or if you

photocopy it).• If you can get a word document there is an option

to actually add commentary to your own document. This is helpful if you are working with primary text.

Summary

• Close input but you supply only a “gist” of the idea.

• Short—taking only what is relevant to your topic.

• Take the original concepts but them in your own words

• Do NOT forget to get a page number!!

How Do You Handle Quotations?

• Introduce all direct and indirect borrowings in some way.

• Modify quotations carefully to fit your needs.

• Observe the conventions of quotations.

Chapter47

About Quotes

• No stylistic touch makes a research project quote so well as quotations deftly handled.

• Your use of quotes will reveal the sophistication of your understanding of a subject.

• Every quote builds to the writer’s final point.

When to Quote?

• To focus on a particularly well stated key idea in a source.

• To show what others think about a subject—either experts, people involved with the subject or the general public.

• To give credence to important facts or concepts

• To add color, power, or character to our paper.

• To show a range of opinion.

• To show the range of opinion about a subject.

• To clarify a difficult or contented point.

• To demonstrate the complexity of an issue.

• To emphasize a point.

Introduce all direct and indirect borrowings in some way.

• Use:– Introductions– Attributions– Commentaries

• Examples of the vocabulary (note all examples here are in present tense):– Reports, Claims, Argues, Insists– Laments, Verifies, Says, Asks– Contents, Affirms, Stipulates, Denies

Modify quotations carefully to fit your needs.

• Tailor your language so that direct quotations fit into the grammar of your sentence.

• Use ellipses (three spaced periods . . .) to indicate where you have cut material from direct quotations.

• Use brackets [ ] to add necessary information to a quotation.

Observe the conventions of quotations.

• Use [sic] to indicate an obvious error copied faithfully from a source.

• Place prose quotations shorter than four typed lines (MLA) between quote marks

• Indent more than three lines of poetry.• Indent any quote more than four lines two

tabs or ten spaces creating a block quote. No quotation marks needed and citation outside of period.

• Refer to events in– Works of fiction– Poems– Plays, movies, television shows,– Points made in an article

• IN PRESENT TENSE!!