Chapter 5Chapter 5AfricaAfrica

AnalyzeAnalyze the importance of the importance of family and labor specialization family and labor specialization in the development of states in the development of states

and cities in West Africa.and cities in West Africa.

FamilyFamily• Kinship- a

connection among people by blood, marriage, or adoption.

• Clan- a set of kinship groups with a common ancestor.

WorkWork• Men took care of large animals, farmed, and

built houses.• Women prepared food, cared for the children,

and brought water to the village.• Labor specialization- the doing of specific types

of work by trained or knowledgeable workers.

Who would be in your kinship?Who would be in your kinship?Who would be in your clan?Who would be in your clan?

What would your labor specialty What would your labor specialty be?be?

Describe the importance of Describe the importance of oral oral traditionstraditions in the transmission of in the transmission of

African history and culture.African history and culture.

GriotsGriots

• Griots- an official storyteller.

• Griots would pass on their history, cultural values, and spiritual forces or religious rituals.

• Africans had no written language for a long time so the only way stories were passed down was by the griots.

Explain the relationship Explain the relationship between the between the Niger RiverNiger River and the and the

vegetation zonesvegetation zones of forest, of forest, savannah, and desert to trade in savannah, and desert to trade in

gold, salt, and food.gold, salt, and food.

Vegetation zonesVegetation zones• Vegetation zones- regions that have certain

types of plants.

Sahara DesertSahara Desert

• Sahara- the northern section of West Africa, a large desert.

Sahara DesertSahara Desert• Has rich deposits of salt.

SavannahSavannah

• Savannah- middle section of West Africa, is named for grassland in a tropical region.

• Savannah has crops like millet.

Rain ForestRain Forest• Rain Forest had lots of

gold.• All three zones have

goods to trade.• This is the start of the

trans-Sahara trade.• Trans means across.• Trading across the

Sahara.

Niger RiverNiger River

• Helped move all the trade across Africa.

• Ghana and Mali became rich from taxing trade.

Explain the relationship Explain the relationship between the between the Niger RiverNiger River and the and the

vegetation zonesvegetation zones of forest, of forest, savannah, and desert to trade in savannah, and desert to trade in

gold, salt, food.gold, salt, food.

AnalyzeAnalyze the the geographic, geographic, political, and the religionpolitical, and the religion of of

Ghana and MaliGhana and Mali in Medieval in Medieval Africa.Africa.

GhanaGhana

• Called their king Ghana. Eventually the region itself came to be known as Ghana.

• Built on controlling the controlling the trade of gold and salt within its borders.

GhanaGhana

• Between the Sahara and rain forest. Close to the Niger and Senegal Rivers.

Geography

Political

• Between the Sahara and rain forest. Close to the Niger and Senegal Rivers.

• Had a king that taxed traders and used the money to conquer surrounding lands.

Religion

• African’s had ancient traditions and folk tales.• Berbers were traders that came from North

Africa. They practiced Islam.• They brought there religion and written language

to Africa.• Some kings converted to Islam.

Fall of GhanaFall of Ghana• Ghana’s king and

upper class converted to Islam but still practice some aspects of their traditional religion.

• Almoravids were camel herders that wanted wealth and wanted other Muslims to practice their version of Islam.

MaliMali

• Formed by the Malinke people.

• Lead by a great chief named Sundiata.

• Captured capital of Ghana.

• Established Timbuktu as the capital.

• Became a famous center of Islamic scholarship.

MaliMaliGeography

Political

• Capital at the top of the Niger river between the desert and the savannah.

• Strong Kings that – Sundiata– Mansa Musa: which means King Moses

• Devoted Muslim but allowed others to practice their religion.• Went on a famous pilgramage to Mecca with 12,000 slaves, 80

camels, and 300 pounds of gold. Lead to the increase of trade.

Religion

• A mix of tradition and Islam, which lead to a increase of knowledge. Religious scholars taught history, law, poetry, and theology.

AnalyzeAnalyze the the geographic, geographic, political, and the religionpolitical, and the religion of of

Ghana and MaliGhana and Mali in Medieval in Medieval Africa.Africa.

Trace the growth of the Trace the growth of the Arabic Arabic languagelanguage and the and the Islamic Islamic

religionreligion in government, trade, in government, trade, and Islamic scholarship in West and Islamic scholarship in West

Africa. Africa.

Trace the growth of the Trace the growth of the Arabic Arabic languagelanguage in government, trade, in government, trade, and Islamic scholarship in West and Islamic scholarship in West

Africa. Africa.

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• Kinship- a connection among people by blood, marriage, or adoption.

• Clan- kinship groups with a common ancestors form a larger group.

• Labor specialization- when people in a community focus on specific types of work.

• Griots- the story teller.

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• Vegetation zones- regions that have certain types of plants.

• Sahara- the northern section of West Africa, a large desert.

• Savannah- middle section of West Africa, is named for grassland in a tropical region.

• Niger River• Ghana- African word for king; eventually the region came

to be known as that as well• Almoravids- came to power in North Africa during the

11th century and over throw the Ghana empire.

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• Mali- empire formed in the southern area of what had been Ghana’s empire.

• Sundiata- a great chief of the Malinke empire.

• Timbuktu- a great city that Sundiata devolved and became the capital of the Mali Empire.

Analyze the importance of Analyze the importance of family, labor specialization, and family, labor specialization, and

regional commerceregional commerce in the in the development of states and cities development of states and cities

in West Africa. in West Africa.

Study the Study the Niger RiverNiger River and the and the relationship of relationship of vegetation zonesvegetation zones of of

forest, savannah, and desert to forest, savannah, and desert to trade in gold, salt, food, and slaves; trade in gold, salt, food, and slaves;

and the growth of the Ghana and and the growth of the Ghana and Mali empires. Mali empires.

Describe the role of the trans-Describe the role of the trans-Saharan Saharan caravan tradecaravan trade in the in the

changing religious and cultural changing religious and cultural characteristics of West Africa characteristics of West Africa and the and the influence of Islamic influence of Islamic

beliefs, ethics, and lawbeliefs, ethics, and law. .

Describe the importance of Describe the importance of written and oral traditionswritten and oral traditions in the in the transmission of African history transmission of African history

and culture. and culture.