chapter 5 – cell growth and division. the cell cycle is the regular pattern of growth for cells...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 5 – Cell Growth and Division. The cell cycle is the regular pattern of growth for cells and has 4 main phases 3.Gap 2 (G 2 ) More growth Another](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051417/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca3725/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 5 – Cell Growth and Division
![Page 2: Chapter 5 – Cell Growth and Division. The cell cycle is the regular pattern of growth for cells and has 4 main phases 3.Gap 2 (G 2 ) More growth Another](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051417/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca3725/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The cell cycle is the regular pattern of growth for cells and has 4 main phases
3.Gap 2 (G2) • More growth• Another check
point
1.Gap 1 (G1) - longest
• Normal functions• Cell increases in
size• More organelles
made
2. Synthesis (S)• Synthesizes
(makes) more DNA
4.Mitosis (M) • Mitosis divided
cells nucleus• Cytokinesis divides
cytoplasm• 2 identical
daughter cells result
![Page 3: Chapter 5 – Cell Growth and Division. The cell cycle is the regular pattern of growth for cells and has 4 main phases 3.Gap 2 (G 2 ) More growth Another](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051417/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca3725/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Cells divide at different rates depending on needs
Example:Cell Type Approx. Life
Span
Skin Cell 2 weeks
Red Blood Cell 4 months
Liver Cell 300-500 days
Intestine – internal lining
4-5 days
Intestine – muscle and other tissue
16 years
Nerve cell As long as you live
![Page 4: Chapter 5 – Cell Growth and Division. The cell cycle is the regular pattern of growth for cells and has 4 main phases 3.Gap 2 (G 2 ) More growth Another](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051417/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca3725/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Cell size is limited by 2 main things:
DNA, and nutrient/waste movement
The cell has to have enough DNA to run the
cell
Surface area and volume have to work together to get food in and waste out
![Page 5: Chapter 5 – Cell Growth and Division. The cell cycle is the regular pattern of growth for cells and has 4 main phases 3.Gap 2 (G 2 ) More growth Another](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051417/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca3725/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Chromosome – long continuous thread of DNA
Histone – group of proteins
Chromatin = chromosome
+ histone
Chromo copied during
S phase
Chromatid – ½ of
duplicated chromo
Centromere - holds 2
halves together
Telomeres- on end of chromo to
keep from attaching
![Page 6: Chapter 5 – Cell Growth and Division. The cell cycle is the regular pattern of growth for cells and has 4 main phases 3.Gap 2 (G 2 ) More growth Another](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051417/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca3725/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Cell division = dividing to form two “daughter cells”
Must go through “interphase” (G1, S, G2) first
![Page 7: Chapter 5 – Cell Growth and Division. The cell cycle is the regular pattern of growth for cells and has 4 main phases 3.Gap 2 (G 2 ) More growth Another](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051417/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca3725/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
3.Anaphase • Chromos split up• Spindles pull to
opposite sides
1.Prophase- longest• Chromos
condense• Nuclear envelope
breaks down• Centrioles move
to sides• Spindles show up
2. Metaphase - short• Chromos line up• Spindle attach to
centromeres
4.Telophase• New envelopes
form at each end• Chromos disperse• Spindles break up
Mitosis is where the cell is actually dividing
![Page 8: Chapter 5 – Cell Growth and Division. The cell cycle is the regular pattern of growth for cells and has 4 main phases 3.Gap 2 (G 2 ) More growth Another](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051417/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca3725/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Chapter 5 – Cell Growth and Division. The cell cycle is the regular pattern of growth for cells and has 4 main phases 3.Gap 2 (G 2 ) More growth Another](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051417/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca3725/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Chapter 5 – Cell Growth and Division. The cell cycle is the regular pattern of growth for cells and has 4 main phases 3.Gap 2 (G 2 ) More growth Another](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051417/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca3725/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Chapter 5 – Cell Growth and Division. The cell cycle is the regular pattern of growth for cells and has 4 main phases 3.Gap 2 (G 2 ) More growth Another](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051417/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca3725/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
last step of cell cycle
Cytokinesis = division of cytoplasm
• Animal cells get “pinched in”
• Plant cells form a cell plate
![Page 12: Chapter 5 – Cell Growth and Division. The cell cycle is the regular pattern of growth for cells and has 4 main phases 3.Gap 2 (G 2 ) More growth Another](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051417/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca3725/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Chapter 5 – Cell Growth and Division. The cell cycle is the regular pattern of growth for cells and has 4 main phases 3.Gap 2 (G 2 ) More growth Another](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051417/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca3725/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Regulating the cell cycle is important
External regulators = outside of cell Speed up/slow down cycleEx. Growth factors/hormonesEx. Cell-to-cell contact
![Page 14: Chapter 5 – Cell Growth and Division. The cell cycle is the regular pattern of growth for cells and has 4 main phases 3.Gap 2 (G 2 ) More growth Another](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051417/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca3725/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Ex. Kinases & Cyclins
Internal regulators = inside the cell help double check cell cycle
![Page 15: Chapter 5 – Cell Growth and Division. The cell cycle is the regular pattern of growth for cells and has 4 main phases 3.Gap 2 (G 2 ) More growth Another](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051417/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca3725/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Apoptosis = programmed cell death
Depending on the situation some cells need to die Their parts usually get recycled
![Page 16: Chapter 5 – Cell Growth and Division. The cell cycle is the regular pattern of growth for cells and has 4 main phases 3.Gap 2 (G 2 ) More growth Another](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051417/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca3725/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Cancer = uncontrolled cell division
forms tumors• Benign = usually harmless• Malignant = bad
HPV
![Page 17: Chapter 5 – Cell Growth and Division. The cell cycle is the regular pattern of growth for cells and has 4 main phases 3.Gap 2 (G 2 ) More growth Another](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051417/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca3725/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Asexual reproduction is similar to mitosis
Ex. Binary fission
![Page 18: Chapter 5 – Cell Growth and Division. The cell cycle is the regular pattern of growth for cells and has 4 main phases 3.Gap 2 (G 2 ) More growth Another](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051417/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca3725/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Multicellular organisms have lots of specialized cells
Blood cells carry oxygenMuscle cells help move
Skin cells help prevent infection
![Page 19: Chapter 5 – Cell Growth and Division. The cell cycle is the regular pattern of growth for cells and has 4 main phases 3.Gap 2 (G 2 ) More growth Another](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051417/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca3725/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Levels of organization in multicellular life
1. Cells
2. Tissues – cells working together
![Page 20: Chapter 5 – Cell Growth and Division. The cell cycle is the regular pattern of growth for cells and has 4 main phases 3.Gap 2 (G 2 ) More growth Another](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051417/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca3725/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
3. Organs – tissues working together
4. Organ system – organs working together
![Page 21: Chapter 5 – Cell Growth and Division. The cell cycle is the regular pattern of growth for cells and has 4 main phases 3.Gap 2 (G 2 ) More growth Another](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051417/5697bfbf1a28abf838ca3725/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)