chapter 5 chapter 5 – the skeletal system applied learning outcomes use the terminology associated...
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Chapter 5
Chapter 5 – The Skeletal System
Applied Learning Outcomes
Use the terminology associated with the skeletal system
Learn about the following:• Skeleton structure• Bone structure and types• Bone function• Bone tissue• Bone development and growth• Bone physiology• Bone articulationsUnderstand the aging and pathology of the
skeletal system
Overview
Chapter 5 – The Skeletal System
Humans have an endoskeleton
The skeletal system is composed of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons
The skeletal system provides movement, protection, and shape
The Human Skeletal System
Chapter 5 – The Skeletal System
The axial skeleton is composed of the spine, rib cage, and skull
The Human Skeletal System
Chapter 5 – The Skeletal System
The appendicular skeleton is composed of the upper and lower appendages, and the bones that girdle them to the axial skeleton
Upper appendages: the shoulders, arms,
wrists, and hands
Lower appendages: the hips, legs, knees,
ankles, and feet
Bone
Chapter 5 – The Skeletal System
Bone Types: Bones can be categorized by their shape and by their origin in the embryo
Flat, Irregular,
Short, or Long
Endochronal, Dermal, Alveolar,
Sesamoid, or Wormian
Bone
Chapter 5 – The Skeletal System
Human bone is primarily comprised of compact bone and spongy bone.
Some bones have at their center a medullary cavity containing bone marrow.
Joints
Chapter 5 – The Skeletal System
Joints attach bones, provide support and protection, and allow for body movement.
Joints are categorized by their structural classification and their functional classification.
Joints
Chapter 5 – The Skeletal System
Pivot Joints: elbow
Gliding Joints: intervertebral
Ball-and-Socket: shoulder, hip
Saddle: thumb
Condyloid: wrist
Hinge: knee, ankle, humeroulnar
Human Bone Charts
Chapter 5 – The Skeletal System
Review the human skeleton, anterior view
Human Bone Charts
Chapter 5 – The Skeletal System
Review the human skeleton, posterior view
Bone Development and Healing
Chapter 5 – The Skeletal System
The process of bone development is called ossification. There are two types of ossification: endochronal and intramembranous.
Bone healing occurs in stages: fracture, granulation, callus, lamellar bone, and normal contour.
Wellness and Illness over the Life Span
Chapter 5 – The Skeletal System
• Most common bone and joint pathologies are related to atypical stress and strain.
• Other organ-system diseases cause inflammation of bones and joints.
• Other pathologies include degenerative disorders and diseases.
• During a person’s lifetime, bone is constantly degraded and replaced.
Summary
The skeletal system works together with the muscular system to provide the body with support and movement.
Bones are classified by their shape and origin.
A certain amount of activity is needed to maintain the integrity of the skeletal system; however, too much activity can prematurely wear out its components.
Chapter 5 – The Skeletal System