Chapter 5: Rocks

Section 3: Sedimentary Rocks

From Sediment to Rock Sediment – small, solid pieces of material

that come from rocks or living things (shells, bones, leaves, stems, etc)

Sedimentary rocks form when sediment is deposited by water and wind

Form through a series of processes Erosion Deposition Compaction Cementation

Erosion The destructive process in which water or wind

loosens and carries away fragments of rock Rain Waves Ice

Deposition Process by which sediment settles out of the

water or wind carrying it Ex. If in water, sinks to bottom

Compaction Process that presses sediments together Caused by weight Layers often remain visible

Cementation Process in which dissolved minerals crystallize

and glue particles of sediment together Dissolved minerals seep into the spaces

between particles and harden

Checkpoint 1 Describe the process by which sedimentary

rocks form.

Checkpoint 1 Describe the process by which sedimentary

rocks form. Sedimentary rocks form through the process

of erosion (wind or water loosen and carry away fragments of rock), deposition (sediments settle), compaction (sediments compress), and cementation (sediments glue together).

Types of Sedimentary Rock Clastic Rock – a sedimentary rock that forms

when rock fragments are squeezed together Fragments can range in size from clay particles to

large boulders Shale – forms from tiny particles of clay Sandstone – forms from sand (consist of quartz) Conglomerate – mixture of rock fragments of different

sizes with rounded edges Breccia – large fragments with sharp edges

Types of Sedimentary Rocks Organic Rocks – form when the remains of

plants and animals are deposited in thick layers Coal – forms from the remains of swamp plants

buried in water; as layer upon layer of plant remains build up, the weight of the layers squeezes the decaying plants and over time turns into coal

Limestone – forms in the ocean from shells and skeletons made of calcite deposit

Types of Sedimentary Rocks Chemical Rocks – form when minerals that

are dissolved in a solution crystallize Halite – when seas or lakes evaporate Some kinds of limestone – calcite crystallizes as

water evaporates

Checkpoint 2 How are clastic rocks different from organic

rocks?

Checkpoint 2 How are clastic rocks different from organic

rocks? Clastic rocks are formed from broken pieces of

other rocks and organic rocks are formed from the remains of living things.

Uses of Sedimentary Rocks Hard, but can be shaped

Building materials White House built from sandstone Limestone used in making cement and steel

Tools Arrowheads from flint

Checkpoint 3 What properties of sedimentary rocks make

them useful as tools and building materials.

Checkpoint 3 What properties of sedimentary rocks make

them useful as tools and building materials. They are hard and durable, but still soft

enough to shape.

Post-less Quiz1. What is the process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together?

a. erosionb. depositionc. compactiond. cementation

Post-less Quiz2. What is a sedimentary rock that forms when rock fragments are squeezed together?

a. clasticb. organicc. chemicald. igneous

Post-less Quiz3. What is the destructive process in which water or wind loosens and carries away fragments of rock?

a. erosionb. depositionc. compactiond. cementation

Post-less Quiz4. What type of sedimentary rock forms when the remains of plants and animals are deposited in thick layers?

a. clasticb. organicc. chemicald. igneous

Post-less Quiz5. What is the process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it?

a. erosionb. depositionc. compactiond. cementation