Chapter 5:Social Structure and Interaction

in Everyday Life

Chapter 5:Social Structure and Interaction

in Everyday Life

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Sociology In Our Times Sociology In Our Times Diana Kendall

DEFINITION : SOCIAL STRUCTUREDEFINITION : SOCIAL STRUCTURE

THE STABLE PATTERS OF SOCIAL

RELATIONSHIPS THAT EXIST WITHIN

A PARTICULAR GROUP OR SOCIETY

SOCIAL STRUCTURE FRAMEWORKSOCIAL STRUCTURE FRAMEWORK

Traditional Emergent AscribedStatus

AchievedStatus

SOCIETY

Social Groups

PrimaryGroups

SecondaryGroups

SocialInstitutions

Statusesand Roles

• CREATE ORDER AND PREDICTABILITY IN A SOCIETY, AND GIVES US THE ABILITY TO INTERPRET THE SOCIAL SITUATIONS.

CHARACTERISTIC OF SOCIAL STRUCTURES

• ORGANIZE OUR UNDERSTANDING OF SOCIAL, NATURAL AND PHYSICAL EVENTS

SOCIAL STRUCTURES

• “PLACE” US IN SOCIETY

• ARE CREATED BY US BUT ACT ON US

• THEY ENDURE OVER TIME AND CHANGE SLOWLY

COMPONENTS OF SOCIAL STRUCTURES

• TYPES OF STRUCTURES

• GROUPS AND ORGANIZATIONS

• STATUSES AND ROLES

• INSTITUTIONS

PHYSICAL STRUCTURESPHYSICAL STRUCTURES

WORKWORK

CIVIL PROTESTCIVIL PROTEST

CHANGING FAMILY STRUCTURES

CHANGING FAMILY STRUCTURES

ROLE

OF

WOMEN

IMMIGRATIONIMMIGRATION

IDEAS AND INDIVIDUALSIDEAS AND INDIVIDUALS

CHANGES IN SOCIAL STRUCTURESCHANGES IN SOCIAL STRUCTURES

DURKHEIM: “WHAT HOLDS SOCIETY TOGETHER?”

• MECHANICAL SOLIDARITY: BASED ON SIMILARITIES AS TRADITIONS, COMMUNITY RULES, SAME VALUES

• ORGANIC SOLIDARITY: BASED ON DIFFERENCES, DIVISION OF LABOR

TONNIES’ THEORY OF SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONTONNIES’ THEORY OF SOCIAL ORGANIZATION

• GEMEINSCHAFT: “COMMUNITY”, TRADITION, KINSHIP.

ASCRIBED STATUS DETERMINES PLACE IN SOCIETY

• GESELLSHAFT: “ASSOCIATION”, INDUSTRIALIZED SOCIETY, IMPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS, BASED ON ACHIEVED STATUS

GroupsGroups

Primary GroupsPrimary Groups

Secondary GroupsSecondary Groups

Social NetworkSocial Network

FormalOrganization

FormalOrganization

KeyConcepts

forUnder-

standingGroups

KeyConcepts

forUnder-

standingGroups

Social InstitutionsSocial Institutions

Providing and Maintaining a Sense of Purpose

Providing and Maintaining a Sense of Purpose

Preserving OrderPreserving Order

Producing, Distributing and Consuming Goods/Services

Producing, Distributing and Consuming Goods/Services

Teaching NewMembers

Teaching NewMembers

Replacing MembersReplacing Members

EssentialFunctionsof Social

Institutions

EssentialFunctionsof Social

Institutions

SOCIAL STATUSSOCIAL STATUS

• THE SOCIALLY DEFINED POSITION IN SOCIETY

• EXAMPLE: MOTHER, STUDENT, OCCUPATION

• ASCRIBED: STATUS DOES NOT CHANGE

• ACHIEVED: STATUS CAN CHANGE

MASTER STATUSMASTER STATUS

• DETERMINES PERSON’S SOCIAL POSITION

• EXAMPLES: BEING RICH, POOR,

• OCCUPATION,

• MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENT,

• PHYSICAL CONDITION

STATUS RECOGNITIONSTATUS RECOGNITION

SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS:

• PRESTIGE, HONOR

• LIFESTYLE

STATUS SYMBOLS:

• MATERIAL SIGNS

• BELIEFS

• ACHIEVEMENTS

SOCIAL ROLESOCIAL ROLE

• A SET OF BEHAVIORAL EXPECTATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH A GIVEN STATUS

• ROLE EXPECTATION: SOCIETY’S DEFINITION OF A ROLE

• ROLE PERFORMANCE: HOW A PERSON ACTUALLY PLAYS THE ROLE

ROLE CONFLICT:•ROLE DEMANDS FROM TWO OR MORE STATUS POSITIONS

ROLE STRAIN:•INCOMPATIBLE DEMANDS EXISTING IN A SINGLE STATUS POSITION

SYMBOLIC INTERACTION THEORYSYMBOLIC INTERACTION THEORY

• SOCIAL INTERACTION CREATES MEANING

• CIVIL INATTENTION

• SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF REALITY

• DEFINITION OF THE SITUATION

Dramaturgical AnalysisDramaturgical Analysis

Back StageBack Stage

Front StageFront Stage

StudiedNonobservance

StudiedNonobservance

Face-SavingBehavior

Face-SavingBehavior

ImpressionManagementImpression

Management

Key Conceptsof

DramaturgicalAnalysis

Key Conceptsof

DramaturgicalAnalysis

DRAMATURGICAL ANALYSISDRAMATURGICAL ANALYSIS

• EVERYDAY LIFE SEEN AS THEATRICAL PRESENTATION

• IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT (PRESENTATION OF SELF)

• STAGE PROPS

• FACE SAVING BEHAVIOR, “STUDIED NON-OBSERVANCE”

NONVERBAL COMMUNICATIONNONVERBAL COMMUNICATION

• COMMUNICATING WITHOUT USE OF SPEECH

• COMMUNICATES PERSONS EMOTIONS