chapter 6 & 7
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 6 & 7. Groups and Deviance. Groups. Composed of people who have one or more goals in common and share common ways of thinking and feeling . Group Features. Groups are NOT…. Primary Groups. Emotional Support. People who are emotionally close and know one another well - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Composed of people who have one or more
goals in common and share common ways
of thinking and feeling.
Have regular contact with
each otherShare some ways of thinking, feeling, &
behaving
Take one another’s behavior into account
Have one or more interests or goals in
common
Social Categories
People who share a
characteristic
Social AggregatePeople in the same place at the same time
• People who are emotionally close and know one another well
• Seek one another’s company
• Characterized by primary relationships:
• intimate (small and repeated)
• personal (face-to-face)
• caring• fulfilling
Primary GroupsEmotional
Support
Socialization
Conformity
• Impersonal interactions• Goal oriented• Characterized by
secondary relationships that involve only parts of your personality
Secondary Groups
Are these groups:• In regular contact?• Sharing ways of thinking, feeling, behaving?• Taking each other’s behavior into account?• Seeking a common goal?
Achieve a Goal
YOU AND YOUR CLASSMATES ARE GOING TO ACT OUT THE ASSIGNED SCENARIO.
Record whether each scenario is an example of a
Primary Group or a Secondary Group
AUDIENCE
Turn to the person next to you and brainstorm at least 2
PRIMARY groups not discussed in class.
Turn to the person next to you and brainstorm at least 2
SECONDARY groups not discussed in class.
Includes all people we socially interact with during our lifetime (both primary and secondary groups)
The Internet has greatly expanded our social networks
1. sense of belonging2. support and advice3. connections to new
groups (labor market)
4. communication between members of various groups
5. reinforcement of acceptable and unacceptable behavior.
Individuals in a group or groups combine their efforts to reach a goal
Demands the best use of limited resources
EXAMPLE: Playing gamesDoing chores
Groups or individuals working against one another for a larger share of the reward
Defeating an opponent is the goalHaving a winner is essential!
Promotes unity/cooperation within opposing groups
Volunteering with the expectation of getting something in return Those participating may have different goals, but both parties benefit.
Reward not the relationships with others is the key.
EX. Wash mom’s car to take it out later
Soooo.....what’s in it for me?
I’ll lend you the money you need, but you’ve got to do something for
me!
I’ll scratch your back if you scratch mine!
Individuals or groups are forced to give in to the will of othersEX: Prisoners revealing secrets under pressureparents threatening punishment if misbehaving
Central element is domination.
Expressed most often subtly through social pressures (ridicule, rejection, etc.)
Milgram’s Obedience Experiment
Authority figures can coerce people to do things they normally
would not do.
Adapting behavior to match the people around us
Most people conform to avoid exclusion
People followed group 37% of the time even though the group was
clearly wrong
Kitty Genovese
Tendency for people to help in an emergency decreases as the
number of bystanders increases.
Use the Internet to locate an article that addresses each of the five types of
social interactions:
CooperationCompetition
Social ExchangeCoercion
Conformity
Behavior that
departs from
societal norms
Deviance
Look at me! I’m a
DEVIANT!
The Norm“Lean is Mean”
Positive• Behavior that
overconforms to social expectations
• Example: anorexia
Negative• Behavior that
underconforms to expected norms
• Example: obesity
TYPES OF DEVIANCEAre they
DEVIANTS?
Prostitutes
Reckless Drivers
Presidents of the U.S.
Career Women
Secondary Habitual breaking of
the law Part of the person’s
lifestyle Self-concept
centered around breaking the norms
Primary Occasional breaking
of the law Not part of person’s
lifestyle Does not affect self-
concept
TYPES OF DEVIANCE
BENEFITSClarifies norms and strengthens values associated with that normTemporary safety valveSocial Change
BENEFITS AND COSTS
COSTSErodes trustCan cause non-conforming behavior in othersExpensive
BENEFITS AND COSTS
Homework ActivityAs you pass through the
hallways and in your social interactions outside of school notice examples of deviance.
Come to class with three examples tomorrow!
• Two kids in Dunkin Donuts, they finish their donuts• On their way out, one asks the attendant for a napkin (less than polite)
• The young man uses the napkin on his way out the door and throws it on the ground in the parking lot
• What would you do?• Here’s what I did…I spoke up and said to the other young man, “Are you going to let him do that?” He shrugs his shoulders, points to his friend as he is walking across the street
• The other young man timidly comes back, picks up the napkin and throws it in the garbage can
• I told him he is better than his “friend” and a better person for picking up the napkin
Ms. Olson’s Example
What are things that people become addicted to? – write on boardDo you consider people that are addicted to these things deviants?Why? Why not?Does American society accept certain addictions more so than others? Why?
Is Addiction Deviance?
Addressing the Current Social Issues (p205)
Girls v. Boys Challenge
This is a girls’ versus boys’
challenge! Who can act out
the best deviant scheme in
the class? Using the ideas
about deviance that you
have either been a part of or
witnessed (of course school
friendly) you are to write and
perform a skit.
1. All group members must have a speaking AND acting role.
2. All group members must have a specific task:
Script writer Good copy - Typed A copy for each group member AND
one for teacher Make an effort to know your lines
Scene design Saved as a PowerPoint Presentation (H-
Drive) Minimum of three backgrounds
The following are requirements:
Choreographer Set directions – as the actors are
speaking there must be some sort of movement/action to the skit
Deviance design Developing the basic idea of the skit Details to be worked out by all group
members Costumes/Apparel
Actors must be in costume
The following are requirements:
3. Sign up for one of the above tasks Put your name at the top of a paper (one
for every person) Write down all work that you did as a
group member. All work must be documented on paper (paper trail)!
4. Length 3-5 minutes5. Practice! Practice! Practice!
The following are requirements:
Encourages conformity to society’s norms.SOCIAL CONTROL
Internal = Generalized Other
Lies within the individual
External = Sanctions
Formal and Informal Rewards and Punishments
A deviant behavior?What do you consider stealing?
•Petty theft – gum, soda•Grand theft – automotive•Plagiarism – stealing ideas, words
What stores have to deal with stealing?
•High end vs. low end
Shoplifting
Internal Social Controls Knowing/believing stealing is wrong
• Even in times of need?• “Citizen’s arrest” – other customers engaging suspicious activity
External Social Controls• Security tags• Cameras• Fines• Imprisonment
Shoplifting
Which methods are most effective?
Why?
Rank Country Prisoners Population (mil)
Incarcerations per 1,000
1 US 2,033,331 290.0 7.01
2 China 1,512,194 1,294.4 1.17
3 Russia 864,590 142.7 6.064 India 304,893 1,041.1 0.295 Brazil 284,989 178.5 1.66 Thailand 258,076 64.3 4.017 Ukraine 198,585 47.9 4.158 South
Africa 180,952 45.0 4.029 Iran 163,526 72.2 2.2610 Mexico 154,765 98.9 1.56
Top Ten Countries in # of Prisoners
Purpose is to control and punish lawbreakersComponents of the Criminal Justice System
• Police• Courts• Correctional system
Criminal Justice System
Does the Criminal Justice System …
• Provide Internal or External Social
Control?
• Give Formal or Informal
Sanctions?
• Control Positive or Negative
Deviance?
Uses threat of punishment to discourage criminal actions• Effectiveness depends on…
• Likelihood of getting caught (we don’t always get caught)
• Severity of punishment (fines vs electric chair)• How quickly the punishment takes effect (court system sluggish)
Do you think this approach to curbing crime is effective? Why or why not?
• Even though you know you can get caught speeding, do you still do it?
• Even though you can get caught drinking underage, do you still do it?
• Even though the sale and use of drugs is illegal, do you still take part in it?
Deterrence Approach
• Capital Punishment = the death penalty• Is it a deterrent?
Capital Punishment
NPR Clips
Blue: Abolished for all crimes Yellow-Green: Abolished for crimes except those committed in exceptional circumstances (e.g. crimes committed in time of war) Orange: Abolished in practice Reddish-brown: Legal form of punishment for heinous offenses
Blue states have no death penalty statute. Yellow-green states have a death penalty statute but have not executed anyone since 1976. Reddish-orange states have executed people since 1976.
• Research the Opposing viewpoints database (library databases)
• Print an article that supports your view on the issue of capital punishment (for or against)
• Read, highlight and outline the article• Write down a minimum of three
points/facts/statistics – from the article – that support your opinion
Capital Punishment
Punishment intended to make criminals pay for their actsNot intended for individuals to take personal vengeance• Enacted by designated officials only• If a mother takes the law into her own hands and kills her son’s murderer, she must answer to society for her action.
Retribution
Keeping criminals in prison• Protecting societyIf criminals are not on the streets, they are not committing crimes
Incarceration
• Attempts to resocialize criminals• Social and work skills that will help criminals
adjust to society• What percentage of criminals do you think are
sent back to prison within 5 years of their release?
RECIDIVISM• Return to criminal behavior• Why so high?
• Basic nature of offender• Influences of more hardened criminals (while in prison)• Stigma of being an ex-convict
Rehabilitation