Chapter 6: Biomes and Aquatic

EcosystemsNotes Can Also Be Found at

www.manskopf.com

Chapter 6 Notes Goal

• Explain what biomes and aquatic ecosystems are

• Explain how biomes are characterized.• Describe how net primary productivity varies

among biomes.• Give an introduction to your Biome Project• Give an example of your Biome Project

What are the differences?Climate, Biology, Limiting Factors, Adaptations?

Things Change?

• Fossil evidence suggests that the frozen continent of Antarctica was once covered in temperate forest.

Earth’s Biomes• Groups of terrestrial

ecosystems that share biotic and abiotic conditions

• 10 primary biomes:– tropical rain forest – dry forest savanna– desert – temperate rain forest– temperate forest– temperate grassland– chaparral– boreal forest– tundra

La Mesa, CA

Philadelphia

• Climate: Average conditions, Climate: Average conditions, including temperature and including temperature and precipitation, over long periods precipitation, over long periods of time in a given areaof time in a given area

• Weather: Day-to-day conditions Weather: Day-to-day conditions in Earth’s atmospherein Earth’s atmosphere

• Climatographs: Diagrams that summarize an Climatographs: Diagrams that summarize an area’s average monthly temperature and area’s average monthly temperature and precipitationprecipitation

• Each biome has a set of characteristic Each biome has a set of characteristic organisms adapted to its particular organisms adapted to its particular climate conditions.climate conditions.

Across the U.S.

Productivity• Net primary production: The

amount of organic matter (biomass) that remains after primary producers use some to carry out cellular respiration

• Ecosystems vary in their net primary productivity, the rate at which primary producers convert energy to biomass.

• Warm, wet biomes generally have higher net primary productivity than cold, dry biomes.

Earth’s productivity: On land forests are highly productive in dark green, deserts least in brown. At sea, red indicates high productivity and deep oceans dark blue.

Aquatic Ecosystems (Wet Biomes)

• 75% of Earth’s surface is covered by water.

•Salinity: the amount of dissolved salt present in water. Ecosystems are classified as salt water, fresh water, or brackish depending on salinity.

•Photosynthesis tends to be limited by light availability, which is a function of depth and water clarity.

•Aquatic ecosystems are either flowing or standing.

•Aquatic ecosystem zones: photic, aphotic, benthic

Aquatic Ecosystem Limiting Factors

• Limiting factors may include:

• Salinity

• Ph

• Sunlight

• Dissolved oxygen

• Temperature

Freshwater Ecosystems: Ponds, Lakes, Inland Seas

Salinity is less than 0.5 ppt (parts per thousand)

Freshwater Ecosystems: Wetlands

• Areas of land flooded with water at least part of the year

• Include freshwater marshes, swamps, bogs, and fens

Freshwater Ecosystems: Rivers and Streams

Bodies of surface water that flow downhill, eventually reaching an ocean or inland sea

Delaware Water Gap

Estuaries• Occur where a river flows

into the ocean or an inland sea

• Coastal estuaries are brackish ecosystems; organisms must tolerate wide salinity and temperature ranges.

• Coastal estuaries are home to salt marshes and mangrove forests.

Oceans

• Intertidal Areas• Neritic Zones• Open Ocean

Chapter 6 Review

• Explain what biomes and aquatic ecosystems are

• Explain how biomes are characterized.• Describe how net primary productivity varies

among biomes.• Give an introduction to your Biome Project• Give an example of your Biome Project

Biome Project Online

http://www.manskopf.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/BiomesProject.230105729.doc

Biome Project PowerPoint Example

• Temperate Rain Forest

• JUST AN EXAMPLE – 2-5 minutes• Remember 60% for information• Also found at www.manskopf.com

Temperate Rain ForestFor Mr. Manskopf

Environmental Science Class

By Mr. ManskopfNovember 2011

Temperate Rainforest…Where on Earth?

• Small Biomes in Area• Small Pockets Around World

Temperate Rain Forests Locations

• Mid-Latitudes• Usually near

coastline• Largest found in

Pacific Northwest of U.S. and British Columbia in Canada

Climate of the Temperate Rain Forest

• WET, Year Round Rain• Moderate Temperatures

Why is it wet year round?

Species Found In Temperate Rain Forest

TREES:•Cedars, Spruce, Hemlock, Douglas Fir •Grow Tall/Fast•Evergreens•Coniferous Trees (seed-bearing cones)•Compete for sunlight•Commercially important

Species Found In Temperate Rain Forest

• Damp conditions perfect for moss

• Slugs• Numerous amphibian

creatures• Squirrels• Deer• Elk

Species Found In Temperate Rain Forest

Limiting Factors•Sunlight•Too much precipitation (Precipitation in Olympic's rain forest ranges from 140 to 167 inches (12 to 14 feet) every year.)

Threats

• Timber/Logging

Example Hoh Rain

Forest

http://www.nps.gov/olym/naturescience/temperate-rain-forests.htm

Temperate Rain ForestCites

• http://www.nps.gov/olym/naturescience/temperate-rain-forests.htm

• https://biomesfirst09.wikispaces.com/Temperate+Rainforest+Home

• http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/biomes/temprain.htm