chapter 6, chapter opener, page 168images.pcmac.org/sisfiles/schools/nj/oceancity/... · asia 51%...

The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography, 10e — Rubenstein, © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Chapter 6, Chapter Opener, 68


Chapter 6, Figure 6-1Branches of Christianity in Europe.

A T L A N T I C

O C E A N

M e d i t e r r a n e a n S e a

B l a c k S e a

N o r t hS e a

ICELAND

UNITEDKINGDOMIRELAND

GERMANYBELGIUM

LUXEMBOURG

DENMARK

POLANDUKRAINE

R U S S I A

FRANCE

SPAIN

AUSTRIA

CZECHREP. SLOVAKIA

HUNGARYROMANIA

BULGARIA

BELARUS

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

ESTONIA

SWITZ.

MOLDOVA

SERBIA

MACEDONIA

KOSOVO

ALBANIA

RUSSIA

CROATIASLOVENIA

BOSNIA &HERZEGOVINA

NETHERLANDS

PO

RTU

GA

L

I TA

L Y

GR

EE

CE

NO

RW

AY

S

WE

DE

N

FI

NL

AN

D

MONTENEGRO

10°

20° 30°

0°10°20°

60°

40°

50°

Arctic Circle

0

250 500 KILOMETERS0

250 500 MILES

CHRISTIANITY IN EUROPE

Protestant majority

Church of England majority

Roman Catholic majority

Orthodox majority

Not Christian majority


Chapter 6, Figure 6-2Distribution of Christians in the United States.

ATLANTICOCEANPACIFIC

OCEAN

45°

40°

35°

30° 120°

95° 90° 85° 80° 75°

25°

30°

35°

40°

0

200 400 KILOMETERS0

200 400 MILES

180° 160° 140°

0 400 MILES

0 400 KILOMETERS

155°22°

0 200 MI.

0 200 KM.

OtherChristian

Latter-day Saints

Lutheran

Mennonite

Methodist

Reformed

Baptist

Catholic


TABLE 6-1 RELIGIONS OF THE UNITED STATES

30 million nonreligious or atheist1 million Buddhists1 million Hindus3 million Jews1 million Muslims6 million other faiths

161 million Christians66 million Roman Catholics

3 million Orthodox2 million a church of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese

of America1 million another Orthodox church

82 million Protestants37 million a Baptist church

17 million a Southern Baptist Convention church8 million a National Baptist Convention, U.S.A.,

church4 million a National Baptist Convention of America

church3 million a National Missionary Baptist Convention

of America church3 million a Progressive National Baptist Convention

church2 million an American Baptist Church, USA3 million another Baptist church

13 million a Methodist church8 million a United Methodist church4 million an African Methodist Episcopal or Episcopal

Zion church11 million a Pentecostal church

6 million a Church of God in Christ3 million one of the Assemblies of God churches2 million one of the Pentecostal Assemblies of the

world churches8 million a Lutheran church

5 million an Evangelical Lutheran Church in America3 million one of the Lutheran Church Missouri Synod

churches4 million a Presbyterian Church U.S.A.2 million a Reformed church

1 million a United Church of Christ1 million another Reformed Church

2 million an Episcopal church3 million one of the Churches of Christ1 million a Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)1 million a Seventh Day Adventist church

10 million other Christians6 million a Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints1 million a Jehovah’s Witness church3 million other Christians


Chapter 6, Figure 6-3World distribution of religions.

ATLANTIC

OCEAN

PACIFIC

OCEAN

PACIFICOCEAN

ARCTIC OCEAN ARCTIC OCEAN

ARABIANSEA

CORAL SEA

INDIAN OCEAN

ATLANTIC OCEAN

BAY OFBENGAL

Equator

Tropic of Capricorn

Tropic of Cancer

Arctic Circle

Equator

110° 120° 130° 140° 150° 160° 180°

40°40°

30°

20°

120° 140° 150° 160° 170°

0°

10°

20°

40°

30°

140°50°40°90°100°110°120°130°140°

50°

40°

30°

20°

10°

0°

10°

20°

160°

30°

40°

50°

60°

70°

80°

70°

20°

30°

40°

50°

60°

10°

20°

30°

40°

50°50

40

30

10° 10°

20

30

40

50

40°

30°

20°

10°

30°

40°

50°

10°

20°

30°

40°

50°0

0

1,000 2,000

1,000 2,000

3,000 MILES

3,000 KILOMETERS

MODIFIED GOODE'S HOMOLOSINE EQUAL-AREA PROJECTION

Roman Catholic

Protestant

Orthodox

Other

Buddhism

Sikhism

Hinduism

Judaism

African

Mixed withuniversalizing

CHRISTIANITY ISLAM

UNIVERSALIZING RELIGIONS

Sunni

Shiite

ETHNIC RELIGIONS

25%Catholic

29%Protestant

30%Other

Christian

2% Jewish

10% Nonreligious

2% Otherreligions

2% SunniMuslim

ANGLO-AMERICA

84%Catholic

3% Nonreligious

9%Protestant

4% Otherreligions

LATINAMERICA

26%Sunni

Muslim

21%Catholic

24%Protestant 6% Other

Christian6%Orthodox

6% Other religions

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

16%Animist

1% Shiite Muslim1% Other religions

SOUTHWEST ASIA& NORTHERN AFRICA

2%Sikh

4%Other

religions

14%Other religions

2%Christian

3%Shiite Muslim

SunniMuslim

65%Hindu

24%

SOUTH ASIA

13%Buddhist

4% Nonreligious

5%Protestant

5% otherreligions

22%Catholic

SOUTHEASTASIA

51%Sunni

Muslim

64%Non-

religious18%Chinese

folk

10%Buddhist

5%Shinto

2%Sunni Muslim

1%Otherreligions

EASTASIA

39%Protestant

26%Catholic 13%

Nonreligious

2%Orthodox

13% OtherChristian

5% Otherreligions

2%Buddhist

SOUTH PACIFIC

EUROPE

38%Catholic

1%Otherreligions

22%Orthodox

12%Protestant

5%Muslim

4% OtherChristian

98% Sunni

Muslim

5%Orthodox

CENTRAL ASIA

41% Shiite

Muslim40% Sunni

Muslim

ET

HN

IC R

E

LIGIONS

U N I V E R S A L I Z I N G R EL

I GI

ON

S

N O N R E L I G I O U S

I S L A M

CHRISTIAN

8

RELIGIONS(Percentage of people

practicing each)

Roman Catholic15

Protestant

16

34

3

7

6

6

Hindu13

SunniMuslim

19

OtherEthnic

ChineseTraditional

Buddhist Shiite Muslim

Other Christian

Orthodox

Ch

apter 6, F

igu

re 6-3aW

orld distribution of religions.

The C

ultural Landscape: An Introduction to H

uman G

eography, 10e — R

ubenstein, © 2011 P

earson Education, Inc.

AT

LA

NT

IC

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40°90°

100°110°

120°130°

140°

50°

40°

30°

20°

10°

0°

10°

20°

160°

30°

40°

50°

60°

70°

80°

70°

20°

30°

40°

50°

60°

10°

20°

30°

40°

50°50

40

30

10°10°20

30

40

50

Rom

an Catholic

Protestant

Orthodox

Other

Buddhism

Sikhism

Hinduism

Judaism

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Mixed w

ithuniversalizing

CH

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UN

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25%C

atholic

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therC

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2% Jew

ish

10% N

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therreligions

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unniM

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A

84%C

atholic

3% N

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9%P

rotestant

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LA

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AM

ER

ICA


Chapter 6, Figure 6-3bWorld distribution of religions.

110° 120° 130° 140° 150° 160° 180°

0

0

1,000 2,000

1,000 2,000

3,000 MILES

3,000 KILOMETERS

MODIFIED GOODE'S HOMOLOSINE EQUAL-AREA PROJECTION

40°

30°

20°

120°

50°

10°

20°

30°

40°

50°

40°

140° 150° 160° 170°

0°

10°

20°

40°

30°

20°

10°

30°

40°

50°

40°

30°

5% other

PACIFICOCEAN

ARCTIC OCEAN

ARABIANSEA

CORAL SEA

INDIAN OCEAN

ATLANTIC OCEAN

BAY OFBENGAL

Tropic of Capricorn

Arctic Circle

Equator 140°

26%Sunni

Muslim

21%Catholic

24%Protestant 6% Other

Christian6%Orthodox

6% Other religions

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

16%Animist

1% Shiite Muslim1% Other religions

SOUTHWEST ASIA& NORTHERN AFRICA

2%Sikh

4%Other

religions

14%Other religions

2%Christian

3%Shiite Muslim

SunniMuslim

65%Hindu

24%

SOUTH ASIA

13%Buddhist

4%Nonreligious

5%Protestant

religions22%

Catholic

SOUTHEASTASIA

51%Sunni

Muslim

64%Non-

religious18%Chinese

folk

10%Buddhist

5%Shinto

2%Sunni Muslim

1%Otherreligions

EASTASIA

39%Protestant

26%Catholic 13%

Nonreligious

2%Orthodox

13% OtherChristian

5% Otherreligions

2%Buddhist

SOUTH PACIFIC

EUROPE

38%Catholic

1%Otherreligions

22%Orthodox

12%Protestant

5%Muslim

4% OtherChristian

98% Sunni

Muslim

5%Orthodox

CENTRAL ASIA

41% Shiite

Muslim40% Sunni

Muslim


Chapter 6, Figure 6-3cWorld distribution of religions.

N O N R E L I G I O U S

ET

HN

IC R

E

LIGIONS

U N I V E R S A L I Z I N G R EL

I GI

ON

S

CHRISTIAN

I S L A M

8

RELIGIONS(Percentage of people

practicing each)

Roman Catholic15

Protestant

16

34

3

7

6

6

Hindu13

SunniMuslim

19

OtherEthnic

ChineseTraditional

Buddhist Shiite Muslim

Other Christian

Orthodox

Ch

apter 6, F

igu

re 6-4B

uddhism.

The C


uman G

eography, 10e — R




Chapter 6, Figure 6-5Hindus bathe in the Ganges River.


Chapter 6, Figure 6-6Origin of Christianity.


Chapter 6, Figure 6-7Origin of Islam.


Chapter 6, Figure 6-8Diffusion of universalizing religions.

30°

0°

30°

150°120°90°60°30°0°

ATLANTICOCEAN

INDIAN OCEAN

PACIFICOCEANARABIAN

SEA BAYOF

BENGAL

To North America

To Brazil

0

500 1,000 KILOMETERS0

500 1,000 MILES

To LatinAmerica

Buddhism Christianity Islam

Hearth

Diffusion by 8th century

Diffusion by 12th century

Diffusion after 12th century


Chapter 6, Figure 6-9Diffusion of Christianity.

Mediterranean Sea JerusalemBethlehem

ConstantinopleRome

0°10°20°

50°

40° Black Sea

Caspian

Sea

North

Sea

Red

Sea

ATLANTIC

OCEAN

0

300 600 KILOMETERS0

300 600 MILES

Strongly Christian by A.D. 325



No longer predominantlyChristian in A.D. 1100Boundary of Roman Empire at itsgreatest extent, about A.D. 117

Roman roads

PAUL'S JOURNEYS

First

Second

Third

To Rome


Chapter 6, Figure 6-10Diffusion of Islam.

Hearth, about A.D. 570

Muslim by A.D. 632

Muslim by A.D. 661

Muslim by A.D. 732

Muslim by A.D. 1300

Muslim after A.D. 1300

No longer predominantly Muslim

P A C I F I C

O C E A N

OCEANI N D I A N

O C E A N

ATLANTIC

Equator

Tropic of Capricorn

Arctic Circle

20°

0°

40°

60°

0°

20°

40°

0° 20° 40° 60° 80° 100° 120° 140°

0

1,000 2,000 KILOMETERS0

1,000 2,000 MILES


Chapter 6, Figure 6-11Diffusion of Buddhism.

80° 100° 120° 140°

40°

20°

0°

Tropic of Cancer

Equator

BAY OFBENGAL

SouthChinaSea

EastChinaSea

Sea ofJapan

PACIFICOCEAN

INDIAN OCEAN

0

400 800 KILOMETERS0

400 800 MILES

Hearth

Buddhism predominant fromthird century B.C.

Buddhism predominant beginningbetween third century B.C.and seventh century A.D.

Buddhism predominant beginningbetween eighth century B.C.

and eleventh century A.D.

Buddhism intermingled withConfucianism and other ethnicreligions

No longer predominantly Buddhist

Ganges R

.

Yamuna

R.

Ghaghra R.

Ganges R.

–

Bra

hmap

utra

R.

CHINA

INDIA

NEPAL

BHUTAN

BANGLADESH

Sarnath

Rajagrha

Kusinagara´

LumbiniSravasti

Samkasya´

Vaisali´

Bodh Gaya

Ganges R

.

Yamuna

R.

Ghaghra R.

Ganges R.

–

Bra

hmap

utra

R.

Buddha createdmultiple imagesof himself

1 Birth of Buddha

4 Buddha attained Nirvana

Buddha announcedhis impending death

Buddha tamed awild elephant

3 Buddha's sermon at Deer Park

2 Buddha attained Enlightenment

Buddha ascended toheaven and returnedto Earth

CHINA

INDIA

NEPAL

BHUTAN

BANGLADESH

Sarnath

Rajagrha

Kusinagara´

LumbiniSravasti

Samkasya´

Vaisali´

Bodh Gaya

0

50 100 150 KILOMETERS0

50 100 150 MILES

Satellite imagery provided by GlobeXplorer.com


Chapter 6, Figure 6-12Holy places in Buddhism.


Chapter 6, Figure 6-13Buddhist shrine.


Chapter 6, Figure 6-14Makkah (Mecca), in Saudi Arabia, is the holiest city for Muslims because Muhammad was born there.

Jannat-ul-Moalacemetery

al-Ka’ba

Masjid al-Haram


Chapter 6, Figure 6-15The black, cubelike structure in the center of Masjid al-Haram, called al-Ka’ba, once had been a shrine to tribal idols until Muhammad rededicated it to Allah.


Chapter 6, Figure 6-16The Darbar Sahib, or Golden Temple, at Amritsar, the most holy structure for Sikhs, most of whom live in northwestern India.

Ch

apter 6, F

igu

re 6-17H

ierarchy of Hindu holy places.

The C


uman G

eography, 10e — R



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Chapter 6, Figure 6-18Ethnic religious holiday.


Chapter 6, Figure 6-19Bahá’í Temple, Panama City, Panama.


Chapter 6, Figure 6-20Cremation.


Chapter 6, Figure 6-21Religious toponyms.

C A N A D A U N I T E D S T A T E S

New York

Ontario

Québec

VT

Notre-Dame-du-Laus

Notre-Dame-de-la-Salette

St.-SixteSt.-André-Avellin

St.-Isidore-de-Prescott

Ste.-Anne-de-PrescottSt.-Bruno-de-Montarville

Notre-Dame-de-la-Paix

St. Émile-de-Suffolk

St. Rémi-d'Amherst

St.-Jovite St.-FaustinSte.-Agathe-des-Monts

Ste.-AdèleSt.-Calixte

St.-Espirit

St.-ThomasSte.-Julienne

St.-Mélanie

St.-Jacques

L'AssomptionSte.-Anne-des-Plaines

Ste.-Scholastique

St.-EustacheSt.-André-Est

St.-Eugène

Ste.-Marthe

St.-CletSt.-Polycarpe

St. Andrews West

St.-Zotique St.-Timothee

Ste.-BarbeSt.-Anicet

Ste.-Agnes

Ste.-Justine-de-Newton

St.-Augustin

Ste.-ThérèseSt.-Benoit

L'Epiphanie St.-Roch

St.-Denis

St.-Charles

Ste.-MadeleineSt.-Damase

St.-Jean-Baptiste

St.-Philippe

St.-Mathieu

St.-Louis-de-Gonzague

Ste.-Clothilde-de-ChateauguaySt.-Chrysotome

St.-Antoine-Abbé

St.-Rémi

St.-Jean-sur-Richelieu

St.-ConstantSt.-Isidore

Ste.-Martine

St.-Grégorie

Ste.-Brigide

St.-Alexandre

St. Albans

Ste.-Julie

St.-Roch-de-l'Achigan

St.-Sauveur-des-Monts

0

10 20 KILOMETERS0

10 20 MILES


Chapter 6, Figure 6-22Roman Catholic hierarchy in the United States.

45°

40°

35°

95° 90° 85° 80° 75°

25°

30°

35°

40°

ATLANTIC

OCEANPACIFICOCEAN

PACIFICOCEAN

PACIFICOCEAN

Gulf of Mexico

CANADA

MEXICO

CANADA

RUSSIA

0

200 400 KILOMETERS0

200 400 MILES

Province (archbishop) Diocese (bishop) Archdiocese

Ch

apter 6, F

igu

re 6-23D

istribution of Protestants in Ireland, 1911.

The C


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eography, 10e — R



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PATRIARCHATE

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Chapter 6, Figure 6-24Jerusalem’s contested space.

Ch

apter 6, F

igu

re 6-24aJerusalem

’s contested space.

The C


uman G

eography, 10e — R



Ch

apter 6, F

igu

re 6-24bJerusalem

’s contested space.

The C


uman G

eography, 10e — R



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Chapter 6, Figure 6-25Boundary changes in Palestine/Israel.

Mediterranean Sea

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Red Sea

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Canal

Mediterranean Sea

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Mediterranean SeaDeadSea

Red Sea

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0

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50 KILOMETERS0

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50 KILOMETERS0

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Arab Muslim state

Jewish state

U.N. PARTITION PLAN 1947

Israel

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apter 6, F

igu

re 6-25aB

oundary changes in Palestine/Israel.

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Chapter 6, Figure 6-26Two perspectives on Palestine/Israel.

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apter 6, F

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re 6-26aT

wo perspectives on P

alestine/Israel.

The C


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eography, 10e — R



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Chapter 6, Figure 6-27Israel’s “separation fence.”

Dirt roadfor militaryvehiclesPaved road for

border policeFine sand topreserve footprints

ISRAELISIDE

PALESTINIANSIDE

Surveillancecamera

2m ditch

Barbed wirefence

3m wire fence withelectronic sensors 1.8m barbed

wire coils

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iterr

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"Green Line" Border betweenIsrael and Jordan, 1949-1967

Israeli settlement in the West Bank


Chapter 6, Figure 6-27aIsrael’s “separation fence.”

Dirt roadfor militaryvehiclesPaved road for

border policeFine sand topreserve footprints

ISRAELISIDE

PALESTINIANSIDE

Surveillancecamera

2m ditch

Barbed wirefence

3m wire fence with electronic sensors 1.8m barbed

wire coils

Ch

apter 6, F

igu

re 6-27bIsrael’s “separation fence.

The C


uman G

eography, 10e — R



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Chapter 6, Figure 6-28Dalai Lama’s Palace in Lhasa, Tibet.

chapter 6, chapter opener, page 168images.pcmac.org/sisfiles/schools/nj/oceancity/... · asia 51%...

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