chapter 6 guideposts 1, 2 and 3

8/14/2019 Chapter 6 guideposts 1, 2 and 3

1/15

Chapter 6 guideposts 1, 2

and 3

Psych 30

NWRC


2/15

1. How and when do emotions

develop, and how do babies

show them? What are emotions?

Emotions are

subjective reactionsto physiological and

behavioral changes.


3/15

1. How and when do emotions

develop, and how do babies

show them?


4/15

2. How do infants show

temperamental differences, and how

enduring are those differences? Difficult Children: Some

babies come into the worldwith an especially intense

and sensitive temperament.They cry a lot, they reactintensely to any irritation ordiscomfort, they want to becarried and nursedconstantly, they fall asleep

with difficulty and never forlong. Because they havehigher-than-average needs,these babies need more -and more sensitive -parenting.


5/15



enduring are those differences? Slow to warm up: hard to

describe but heres a storyabout a baby that fits theprofile:"Brianna is reallypretty easy - until somethingnew or unexpected comesup. Then she's like Ms.Hyde. New food, new places,new people disrupt her in amajor way. I thought

playgroup was going to be acomplete no-go: a group oftoddlers she didn't know in aplace she hadn't beenbefore. But after weeks andweeks on my knee she gotinto it a bit, and now she

enjoys herself there."


6/15



enduring are those differences? Easy Baby:Some babies

are relaxed and

easygoing. They areeager to explore new

places and things. They

respond quickly to

change. They can often

calm themselves in

times of stress. These

babies are likely to be

sound sleepers and

eager eaters.


7/15



enduring are those differences? Making a good fit: coming together "Fit" describes the way a baby's

environment - that is, her parents andother caregivers - accommodates her

temperament. Parents make the fitgood by expecting a baby to behavein a way that feels "right" for her:they expect their shy toddler to takeawhile to get used to playgroup; theyanticipate that their active baby will

tear around Grandmas house; theyunderstand why their slow-to-warm-up baby is upset by a new caregiver.Good fit starts with acceptance: Yourchild's behaviour reflects the way shefeels. No one chooses atemperament, it just is.


8/15



enduring are those differences? What challenges someparents is not thetemperament of their

baby, but their ownexpectations anotherchallengeis support-parents need support

and advice. Acceptance of yourchild the way s/he is isa wonderful gift


9/15


temperamental differences, and

how enduring are thosedifferences?


10/15

3. What roles do parents play in

early personality development?

The mothers role

The fathers role

Look at research from

Harry Harlow

And Konrad Lorenz

(imprinting)


11/15

Lorenz

Konrad Lorenz (1903-1989) examinedgenetically programmed behaviours inyoung and imprinting.

Young geese form an image ofparent just after hatching. If thehatchlings first encounter a human,they will imprint on him and follow himaround as if he were their mother.Imprinting is an instinctive form oflearning during which a baby animalforms an attachment to the first living

moving thing it sees usually themother Researchers believe a similar

phenomenon happens after birth inhumans the bonding process whichshould take place within hours ofbirth.


12/15

Imprinting important relative to

critical period

What is a critical period?

During a critical period, a pathway awaits

specific instructional information in order tocontinue develop normally. If appropriate

experience is not gained during the critical

period, the pathway never attains the ability to

process information in a normal fashion and, asa result, perception or behavior is impaired

permanently.


13/15

Harry Harlow, 1950s

Surrogate mother experiments

Critical period for attachment

Harlows experiment separated infant

monkeys from their mothers a few

hours after birth, then arranged for theyoung animals to be raised by two

kinds of surrogate monkey mother

machines, both equipped to dispense

milk. One mother was made out ofbare wire mesh. The other was a wire

mother covered with soft terry cloth.Link to

harlow
http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=fLrBrk9DXVk&feature=relatedhttp://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=fLrBrk9DXVk&feature=relatedhttp://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=fLrBrk9DXVk&feature=relatedhttp://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=fLrBrk9DXVk&feature=related


14/15

Harlow contd

Harlows first observation was that monkeys who

had a choice of mothers spent far more time

clinging to the terry cloth surrogates, even when

their physical nourishment came from bottlesmounted on the bare wire mothers. This

suggested that infant love was no simple

response to the satisfaction of physiological

needs. Attachment was not primarily abouthunger or thirst. It could not be reduced to

nursing.


15/15

Harlow

This experiment shows that feeding is

not the most important thing that

infants get from their mothers

Mothering includes warm close body

contact and satisfaction of the need to

cling and be held.

End of gp3

chapter 6 guideposts 1, 2 and 3

Documents