Chapter 6Chapter 6Nomenclature of Nomenclature of

Inorganic CompoundsInorganic CompoundsObjectives:Objectives:

Distinguish between common and systematic names of Distinguish between common and systematic names of compoundscompoundsReview differences between elements and ionsReview differences between elements and ionsBe able to write formula from names of compoundsBe able to write formula from names of compoundsUnderstand binary compoundsUnderstand binary compoundsName compounds containing polyatomic ionsName compounds containing polyatomic ionsName and recognize acidsName and recognize acids

Common and Systematic NamesCommon and Systematic Names

Common NamesCommon Names ArbitraryArbitrary Not based on chemical compositionNot based on chemical composition Historically associated with a physical or chemical Historically associated with a physical or chemical

propertyproperty Not consistent among languages or disciplinesNot consistent among languages or disciplines

Systematic namesSystematic names Identify the chemical compositionIdentify the chemical composition Devised by IUPACDevised by IUPAC

Elements and IonsElements and Ions Diatomic moleculesDiatomic molecules

2 atoms of same element2 atoms of same element HH22, O, O22, N, N22, F, F22, Cl, Cl22, Br, Br22, I, I22

Polyatomic Polyatomic 3 or more atoms of same element3 or more atoms of same element Sulfur (SSulfur (S88) and Phosphorus) and Phosphorus (P(P44))

IonIon Charged particle Charged particle Positive (cation)Positive (cation) Negative (anion)Negative (anion)

Elements and IonsElements and Ions

Naming cationsNaming cations Same as element but add the word ionSame as element but add the word ion Potassium ionPotassium ion

Naming anionsNaming anions Stem of the parent name with ending changed to Stem of the parent name with ending changed to ––

ideide Add the word ionAdd the word ion Oxide ionOxide ion

Commonly formed ions – figure 6.2 pg 107Commonly formed ions – figure 6.2 pg 107

Writing Formulas from Names of Writing Formulas from Names of CompoundsCompounds

Chemical compounds Chemical compounds must havemust have a net charge a net charge of of zerozero

Compare charges of ions formed from Compare charges of ions formed from elementselements ““Trade” charges and rewrite as subscript on Trade” charges and rewrite as subscript on

opposite ionopposite ion Write with lowest possible whole numbersWrite with lowest possible whole numbers

Writing Formulas from Names of Writing Formulas from Names of CompoundsCompounds

Write formulas forWrite formulas for Sodium and chlorineSodium and chlorine

Aluminum and oxygenAluminum and oxygen

Na1

+Cl1- NaCl

Al3+ O2- Al2O3

Writing Formulas from Names of Writing Formulas from Names of CompoundsCompounds

Write formulas for the followingWrite formulas for the following Calcium chlorideCalcium chloride

Calcium will form CaCalcium will form Ca2+2+

Chlorine will form ClChlorine will form Cl1-1-

Formula is Formula is CaClCaCl22

Magnesium oxideMagnesium oxide Magnesium will form MgMagnesium will form Mg2+2+

Oxygen will form OOxygen will form O2-2-

Formula is Formula is MgOMgO

Writing Formulas from Names of Writing Formulas from Names of CompoundsCompounds

Barium phosphideBarium phosphide Barium will form BaBarium will form Ba2+2+

Phosphorus will form PPhosphorus will form P3-3-

Formula is Formula is BaBa33PP22

Sodium sulfideSodium sulfide Sodium will form NaSodium will form Na++

Sulfur will form SSulfur will form S2-2-

Formula is Formula is NaNa22SS

Binary CompoundsBinary Compounds Contain only two different elementsContain only two different elements

Often metal with nonmetal (binary Often metal with nonmetal (binary ionic compound)ionic compound)

Binary Ionic Compounds Binary Ionic Compounds Containing a Metal Forming Containing a Metal Forming

Only One Type of CationOnly One Type of Cation Name of cation is left the sameName of cation is left the same Name of anion is changed (-ide)Name of anion is changed (-ide)

Write formulas for the following compoundsWrite formulas for the following compounds Strontium chlorideStrontium chloride

Strontium is SrStrontium is Sr2+2+ and Chlorine is Cl and Chlorine is Cl--

Calcium sulfideCalcium sulfide Calcium is CaCalcium is Ca2+2+ and Sulfur is S and Sulfur is S2-2-

SrCl2

CaS

Binary Ionic Compounds Containing Binary Ionic Compounds Containing a Metal That Can Form Two or More a Metal That Can Form Two or More

Types of CationsTypes of Cations Metals in the center of the periodic tableMetals in the center of the periodic table

Iron can be FeIron can be Fe2+2+ or Fe or Fe3+3+

Stock SystemStock System Use Roman Numeral to designate charge of cationUse Roman Numeral to designate charge of cation Copper (II) Chloride is CuClCopper (II) Chloride is CuCl22

Tin (IV) Oxide is SnOTin (IV) Oxide is SnO22

-ous and –ic endings are also sometimes used-ous and –ic endings are also sometimes used

Binary Ionic Compounds Containing Binary Ionic Compounds Containing a Metal That Can Form Two or More a Metal That Can Form Two or More

Types of CationsTypes of Cations Write the name for each of the following Write the name for each of the following

compoundscompounds PbIPbI22

FeFe22OO33

CuOCuO TiFTiF44

Lead (II) Iodide

Iron (III) Oxide

Copper (II) Oxide

Titanium (IV) Fluoride

Binary Compounds Containing Binary Compounds Containing Two NonmetalsTwo Nonmetals

Not ionic bonds - Not ionic bonds - Molecular (covalent)Molecular (covalent) Different system of namingDifferent system of naming Element that occurs first in the series below is Element that occurs first in the series below is

written and named firstwritten and named first Si, B, P, H, C, S, I, Br, N, Cl, O, FSi, B, P, H, C, S, I, Br, N, Cl, O, F Usually given to you…first element listed always Usually given to you…first element listed always

named firstnamed first Second element retains –ide endingSecond element retains –ide ending

Binary Compounds Containing Binary Compounds Containing Two NonmetalsTwo Nonmetals

Prefix is attached to each element to indicate the Prefix is attached to each element to indicate the number of atoms of that element in the moleculenumber of atoms of that element in the molecule Mono (1) never used for first elementMono (1) never used for first element

PrefixPrefix MeaningMeaning PrefixPrefix MeaningMeaning

MonoMono 11 HexaHexa 66

DiDi 22 HeptaHepta 77

TriTri 33 OctaOcta 88

TetraTetra 44 NonaNona 99

PentaPenta 55 DecaDeca 1010

Binary Compounds Containing Binary Compounds Containing Two NonmetalsTwo Nonmetals

Examples:Examples: NN22O is dinitrogen monoxide (drop “o”)O is dinitrogen monoxide (drop “o”)

SS22FF1010 is disulfur decofluoride is disulfur decofluoride

You try:You try: PP22OO55

CBrCBr44

NHNH33

Diphosphorus pentoxide

Carbon tetrabromide

Nitrogen trihydride

Acids Derived from Binary Acids Derived from Binary CompoundsCompounds

Hydrogen compounds – form acids in waterHydrogen compounds – form acids in water Write symbol of H first, then the restWrite symbol of H first, then the rest

Shows it is an acidShows it is an acid NamingNaming

Take stem of nonmetalTake stem of nonmetal Add prefix Add prefix hydro-hydro- Add suffix Add suffix –ic–ic Add the word Add the word acidacid

Acids Derived from Binary Acids Derived from Binary CompoundsCompounds

HH22SS Hydrogen sulfide (if not in water)Hydrogen sulfide (if not in water) HydroHydrosulfursulfuric acidic acid

HClHCl Hydrogen chloride (if not in water)Hydrogen chloride (if not in water) HydroHydrochlorchloric acidic acid

Figure 6.4 on page 115Figure 6.4 on page 115

VERY HELPFUL FOR NAMING BINARY VERY HELPFUL FOR NAMING BINARY COMPOUNDSCOMPOUNDS

Naming Compounds ContainingNaming Compounds ContainingPolyatomic IonsPolyatomic Ions

Polyatomic ionPolyatomic ion

Must be able to recognize common polyatomic Must be able to recognize common polyatomic

ionsions Table 6.6 (pg 116)Table 6.6 (pg 116)

Naming Compounds ContainingNaming Compounds ContainingPolyatomic IonsPolyatomic Ions

Usually end in –ate or –ite (but not always)Usually end in –ate or –ite (but not always)

-ate-ate indicates indicates -ite-ite indicates indicates

Nitrate is NONitrate is NO33--

Nitrite is NONitrite is NO22--

Hypo-Hypo- (if more than two varieties)(if more than two varieties)

ClO- hypochlorite

ClO2- chlorite

ClO3- chlorate

ClO4-

hyperchlorate

or perchlorate

Naming Compounds ContainingNaming Compounds ContainingPolyatomic IonsPolyatomic Ions

Need to recognize polyatomic ions in Table 6.6Need to recognize polyatomic ions in Table 6.6 Hydroxide (OHHydroxide (OH--)) Cyanide (CNCyanide (CN--))

Naming Compounds ContainingNaming Compounds ContainingPolyatomic IonsPolyatomic Ions

Naming follows binary compound rulesNaming follows binary compound rules

Naming AcidsNaming Acids Oxy-acidsOxy-acids

Inorganic compounds containing hydrogen, Inorganic compounds containing hydrogen, oxygen, and one other elementoxygen, and one other element

Change ending of polyatomic ionChange ending of polyatomic ion

Add the word “acid”Add the word “acid”

HCHC22HH33OO22Hydrogen & acetate ionHydrogen & acetate ionAcetic acidAcetic acid

HomeworkHomework Questions #1,3,6Questions #1,3,6 Paired Exercises #7-25 oddPaired Exercises #7-25 odd Additional Exercise #34 & 36Additional Exercise #34 & 36 Remember: Quiz next class Remember: Quiz next class