chapter 65 steering fundamentals. let’s take a look at the steering system. this is the...
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Chapter 65
Steering Fundamentals
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Let’s take a look at the steering system.
This is the parallelogram type steering linkage.
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Parallelogram Steering LinkageFront View
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The steering linkage controls the direction of the wheels and therefore is responsible for the “toe setting”.
Worn steering components will cause ;
a) a steering wheel with too much free-play
b) tires to wear prematurely due to misadjusted toe alignment.
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Just a little looseness, or play, in any of these parts will cause a lot of looseness, or play, at the steering wheel.
Center linkOuter tie rods
Idler arm
Pitman arm
Inner tie rod
Steering box
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Turning the tie rod adjusting sleeves that connect the inner and outer tie rods will change the toe angle.
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Rack & Pinion Steering Pros & Cons
• Fewer parts than conventional steering gear• Lighter in weight• Eliminates the need for the center link, pitman
arm, and idler arm• Uses ball-socket assemblies at the end of the rack• Two tie rod ends• Center take-off rack uses inner tie rods that bolt
to the rack• Not as strong
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Rack and Pinion Operation
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Rack & Pinion Cutaway
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Temporary loss of power assist when cold is usually caused by grooves that are worn in the spool valve housing.
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Springs will wear out and sag over time. This will also change the alignment angles. The springs are responsible
for correct ride height.
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The purpose of the shock absorber is to control vehicle spring, or jounce. Excessive spring movement means
excessive toe change and results in excessive tire wear.
Shocks generally should be replaced after five years of use.