Chapter 7 Cell Structure

Microscopes•Are used to discover cells

Cells• All living things are made up of cells• Cells come from preexisting cells• Cells are the basic units of structure

and function in organisms

Cells•Smaller cells can move materials in and out of them quicker because the surface are is smaller.

Proteins•Are made on ribosomes on rough endoplasmic reticulum

Plants•Plants have two organelles

that animal cells don’t have–Chloroplasts–Cell Wall

Prokaryotes• Bacterium have genetic material formed in a

single loop of DNA• Do not have their

DNA enclosed in aNucleus

** No nucleus

Eukaryotes• Cells with a true nucleus• The nucleus is contained in a

membrane called the nuclear envelope or the nuclear membrane

Organelles• Inside a cell and located

between the nucleus and the cell membrane is a substance called the cytoplasm

Cytoskeleton• The web of protein fibers

that help organize the part of a eukaryotic cell are called the cytoskeleton.

DNA• Deoxyribonucleic acid• Carries the instructions for making proteins• Found in the nucleus

Lysosomes• Enzymes that can digest food are

found in vesicles called lysosomes.• Known as the “garbage disposal”

of the cell.

Endoplasmic Reticulum and Ribosomes

Flagella• A structure that sticks out from the cell’s

surface and allows it to move• A whip-like structures that is used for

movement

Cell Membrane• Controls what enters and leaves a cell

Tissues• Groups of cells that have similar structures and functions

Organs• Heart• Lungs• Kidney• Brain

•Are examples of organs

Colonial Organisms

• An organism made of many cells that are permenantly together and coordinate their activities

Multicellular Organisms• Cells are arranged into tissues,

organs and organ systems

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