chapter 7 medication administration. objectives define all key terms. explain what supplies are...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 7Chapter 7
Medication Administration
ObjectivesObjectives
Define all key terms.Explain what supplies are needed for
medication administration.Select the correct needle and syringe for
parenteral injections.Describe the solutions used in IV therapy.Describe blood products.
ObjectivesObjectives
Describe how to administer oral medications safely.
Discuss the methods for administering medications through nasogastric or gastric tubes.
Discuss how to inject IM, SC, and ID medications safely.
Describe how to administer ophthalmic and otic medications correctly.
ObjectivesObjectives
Discuss precautions for the safe administration of inhalation therapy.
Describe how to apply transdermal patches correctly.
Describe how to insert vaginal and rectal medications safely.
Discuss how to prepare the patient for IV therapy.
Nonparenteral SuppliesNonparenteral Supplies
Bottles and unit-dose packagesDroppers Inhalation delivery systemsPatchesSuppositories
SafetySafety
Use correct supplies for route.Do not touch medications with your hands.Dispose of or cleanse droppers after use.Humidify oxygen or room air.Do not cut transdermal patches—apply to
intact skin only.Monitor patient after administration.
Critical ThinkingCritical Thinking
What would happen if a patient used a CPAP machine with a mask for 30 minutes without having added water to the inhaled air?
Parenteral Supplies for Injectable Parenteral Supplies for Injectable MedicationsMedications
Ampules and vialsNeedlesSyringesSafety devicesPrefilled syringes IV supplies IV solutions IV setups
Critical ThinkingCritical Thinking
Why do you think vials are used more than ampules?
SafetySafety
Practice good hand hygiene.Change needle after insertion into
ampules or use filter.Clean site.Use safe needles.Use proper sharps disposal procedure.Monitor patient after injection.
Critical ThinkingCritical Thinking
Why is it dangerous to recap a needle? With so many safety devices available, why do you think there are still so many needle-sticks?
Blood ProductsBlood Products
Whole bloodPacked red cellsPlateletsPolymerized hemoglobin
Critical ThinkingCritical Thinking
Why do physicians prescribe different blood products instead of just giving whole blood?
Administering MedicationsAdministering Medications
Oral medicationsOpthalmic administrationOther types
Oral MedicationsOral Medications
Medications by mouthNasogastric and gastric tube
administration
Ophthalmic AdministrationOphthalmic Administration
DropsOintments
Other AdministrationsOther Administrations
OticNasal Inhalation—inhalers and nebulizersTransdermalVaginalRectal
InjectionsInjections
IntramuscularSubcutaneous Intradermal IV
IntramuscularIntramuscular
Hormones, vaccinations, and pain medications
Needle length 1–1½ inchesGauge 21–23Syringe capacity to 5 ccEnter at 90-degree angle
IM SitesIM Sites
DeltoidDorsoglutealVentroglutealVastus lateralis
Critical ThinkingCritical Thinking
Are the dorsogluteal and ventrogluteal the same site? When would you use each method?
Z-track MethodZ-track Method
Same as regular IM, but displace the skin before and after needle removal
Used for fluids that stain the skin
Subcutaneous InjectionsSubcutaneous Injections
Into fat layer—less blood supply and nerve endings
Can be done by patient at home Sites (usually abdomen, back of upper arm, and
thigh) 45-degree angle Needle length ⅜ inch to ½ inch Gauge 25–31 Syringe capacity 1 mL
Intradermal InjectionsIntradermal Injections
Under epidermis10–15 degree angle25–31 gauge needleNeedle length ⅜ to ½ inchSites (usually forearm)
IV AdministrationIV Administration
IV insertionFlushing indwelling devicesComplications of IV therapyDocumentation
DocumentationDocumentation
Size and type of deviceDate and time insertedSite locationType of solutionName of healthcare provider
inserting/hangingAdditives
Documentation ContinuedDocumentation Continued
Flow rateType of infusion pump usedNumber of attempts at insertionPatient responseComplications, if any, and your
interventionsPatient teaching
Assessment DocumentationAssessment Documentation
Date and timeCondition of siteSite care providedDressing changeSite changeTubing and solution changePatient teaching
SummarySummary
What new piece of information in this chapter were you most interested to learn?
What questions do you still have about the information in this chapter?
Return to Objectives to determine extent of learning.
CreditsCredits
Publisher: Margaret Biblis
Acquisitions Editor: Andy McPhee
Developmental Editor: Yvonne N. Gillam
Production Manager: Samuel A. Rondinelli
Manager, Electronic Development: Kirk Pedrick
Technical Project Manager, EP: Frank Musick
Design Associate, EP: Sandra Glennie
The publisher is not responsible for errors or omission or for consequences from application of information in this presentation, and makes no warranty, expressed or implied, in regards to its content. Any practice described in this presentation should be applied by the reader in accordance with professional standards of care used with regard to the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation.