Chapter 7: Performance and Fitness

Human Performance: A Function of Fitness

Human Performance: A Function of Fitness

▫Matter: all physical objects consist of

matter. includes atoms and other

particles which have mass. matter is organized into

specific structures.

Example:

•What 2 RESOURCES does your body require to carry out daily activities?

▫Energy: Energy is needed to organize matter and perform

work. All cells in your body require energy. Ex. It takes energy to build/use muscle or grow

flower petals.

Human Performance: A Function of Fitness

Matter in the athletic individual is organized more effectively.

Ex. Their muscles are larger and stronger carries out tasks better!

Energy is supplied more effectively in the athlete…they may pump blood and exchange nutrients in their capillaries more efficiently.

Human Performance: A Function of Fitness

If all people require energy and matter, why are some people more athletic than others?

Food: Our Body's Source of Energy and Structural Material

Food: Our Body's Source of Energy and Structural Material

•What is food?▫Any substance that your body can use is a raw

material to sustain its growth, repair and provide energy.

▫Food consists mostly of ________. Each day you consume on average _______ of water.

▫What major classes of nutrients is food made up of? Carbohydrates Proteins Fats

2 LitersWATER

•What is the job of YOUR digestive system?▫To break down large nutrient molecules

into small molecules.▫The molecules must be small enough to

pass through your small intestines into the blood.

Food: Our Body's Source of Energy and Structural Material

•What are each of the following molecules broken into?▫Carbohydrates▫Proteins ▫Fats

Food: Our Body's Source of Energy and Structural Material

Simple Sugars

Amino Acids

Glycerol and Fatty Acids

•Why does our body need carbohydrates?▫Provides readily available energy.▫Found in bread, cereal, pasta

•Why does our body need proteins?▫Repairs and maintains body tissue.▫Found in meat, milk, eggs, soy, grains, nuts,

seeds, legumes.

•Why does our body need fats?▫Make hormones, cell membranes and provide

energy.▫Found in meat, cheese, butter, oils, sweets

Food: Our Body's Source of Energy and Structural Material

•What are the two other components of nutrients that make up food?

▫Vitamins regulate cell activities.

▫Essential Elements help maintain homeostasis.

Food: Our Body's Source of Energy and Structural Material

Pioneers: The Changing face of the Food Guide Pyramid

Food Guide Pyramid•What is the difference between a serving

size and a helping?

▫Serving Size= the amount that has been analyzed for nutritional value.

▫Helping= the amount you choose to consume!

•How is the Food Guide Pyramid changing?

▫To meet the needs of our culturally diverse population.

Mouth:

1) Teeth (mechanical)-grind2) Salivary Glands (chemical)

▫ soften & secrete salivary amylase that begins to break down starch to disaccharides.

3) Epiglottis: ▫ flap that blocks trachea to prevent food

and water from entering.

Esophagus: •Made of muscle.•Moves food by means

of peristalsis (muscle contractions)

Stomach:a) Mechanical-Muscles contract to churn

foodb) Mucus – lubricates & protects stomach

lining from acids and enzymesc) hydrochloric acid -activates enzymes,

dissolves minerals & kills bacteriad) pepsin – breaks proteins to amino acids •

E) Liver – not part of digestive tract

1) store glycogen 2) detoxify

substances from blood

3) secretes bile into small intestine that breaks up fat droplets. Bile is stored in gall bladder until required for digestion

cirrhosis

F) Pancreas- not part of digestive tract – secretes pancreatic fluid (digestive enzymes) into small intestines and neutralizes fluids from stomach

1) Trypsin proteins amino acids 2) Amylase starch simple sugar 3) Lipase fat fatty acid and glycerol4) Nuclease nucleic acids nucleotides

1) Trypsin proteins amino acids 2) Amylase starch simple sugar 3) Lipase fat fatty acid and glycerol4) Nuclease nucleic acids nucleotides

G) Small Intestines-

absorption lining has fingerlike

projections called villi (increase surface area) – contain blood vessels & lymph, they absorb water & nutrients.

receive secretions from gall bladder & pancreas to complete digestion

H) Large Intestines or colon-

•Reabsorb water from food material

·  Absorb vitamins produced by bacteria

(E Coli in intestines )

•Eliminate feces, waste products, from anus

Mouth

Tongue

Salivary Glands

Esophagus

Stomach

Pancreas

Anal Sphincter

Small Intestines

Large Intestines

Gall Bladder

Liver

rectum

Anorexia NervosaDying to be Thin

Anorexia NervosaAffects ___________ people (mostly teenage girls) in the United States.

• What happens if anorexia nervosa is left untreated?▫ Hormone levels will drop▫ Heart muscle will become weak and thin▫ Digestive system will malfunction▫ Electrical activity in the brain will become

abnormal▫ Electrolyte imbalance can lead to heart failure▫ Possible death

• Why is treating Anorexia Nervosa complex?▫ Take into account the physical, cultural and

psychological self.▫ Treatment is the MOST successful when the

family is involved!!!!

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