Chapter 7

Religious Conviction

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Masada, Israel

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Herod’s Temple

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Tomb of Bene Hezir, 1st century BC. Kidron Valley, Israel.

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The Archangel Michael, 5th c. Part of Ivory Diptych

16 1/2 inches high. British Musuem, London.

St. Apollinare in Classe. Ravenna

St. Paul outside the walls. Etching. 1749 Rome.

The catacombs functioned primarily as cemeteries. There may been as many as four million bodies buried in the catacombs of Rome. The Good Shepherd, ceiling fresco, early 4th c., catacomb of Saints Peter and Marcelinus, Rome

The Good Shepherd, 3rd C. Marble.

Half life-size. Lateran Museum, Rome

Chalice of Antioch, 350-500 Silver and gilt. 7 1/2” from Syria. Cloisters, Metropolitan

Museum of Art. NYC

Christian Orpheus with Animals. 5th C. Archeological Museum Istanbul

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Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus. 359 AD Marble. St. Peter’s Rome

• Name an early Christian symbol and tell what is represented?

• Where were the earliest Christian frescoes painted? What is a diptych?

•What type of Roman buildings did the early Christians adapt to become churches?

• How were basilicas decorated on the inside? Contrast this to their exterior appearance?

•What was the purpose of sarcophagus?

•Describe how Christ was usually portrayed in a the earliest Christian art?

Byzantine Art: A Shift to the East

San Vitale, Interior about 525-547 Ravenna

Emperor Justinian and Attendants, about 547. Mosaic, nearly life-sized. San Vitale, Ravenna Emperor Justinian heralded in the Golden Age of the Byzantine art. Where is Justinian located in the mosiac? What surrounds his crowned head? Halos of radiant light are symbols that express virtue and holiness of saints. What color dominates the scene? The sparkling gold leaf represents the heavenly spiritual realm.

Empress Theodora and Attendants, about 547 Mosaic nearly life-sized San Vitale, Ravenna

Hagia Sophia. Istanbul

Christ between the Virgin and St. John the Baptist 1261 mosaic. Hagia Sophia

St. Marks 1063. Venice

Greek Cross plan

Cathedral of St. Basil. 1554

Moscow

Harbaville Triptych, Christ Enthroned with Saints.c 950 Ivory

Enthroned Madonna and child, 13th century Egg Tempera. National Gallery of Art Washington DC

• How are the figures stylized in Emperor Justinian and Attendants

• Analyze how the artist has made Theodora the center of attention in the mosaic Empress Theodora and the attendants

• Where is Hagia Sophia located what was extraodinary about its construction

• What is an icon

• Describe the cathedral of St. Basil

Court of the Lions. Alhambra

Court of the Lions. The Alhambra. 13-14th

centuries. Granada, Spain

The Alhambra Granada Spain

Dome of the Rock. Jerusalem Israel late 7th century.

The Great Mosque. Damascus, Syria. 706-715

Lalia and Majnun at school, miniature from manuscript of Khamsa of Nizami.

1524- 25. Ink, colors, and gold on paper. The Metropolitan Museum of Art NYC.

Early Medival Art

Lindisfarne Gospel Book 698-721. British Library.

Lindisfarne Gospel Book 698-721. British Library.

Palatine Chapel of Charlemagne 792-805.Aachen Germany

This piece was found at the burial site of a king. Purse cover, first half of the 7th century. Gold, garnets, glass and enamel. British Museum. London.

Plan of Saint Gall .

St. Matthew the Evangelist 816-835 from the Gospel Book of Archbishop Ebbo of Reims

St. Matthew the Evangelist about 800 from the Gospel Book. British Museum

• Describe early Christian basilicas• Describe a typical Eastern European church built during the second Golden Age of Byzantium

• Name one way Roman and Byzantium mosaics differ• List several characteristics of Byzantine painting as exemplified in Enthroned Madonna and Child

• How did the iconoclasts change the development of Byzantine art

• What is a pendentive? Example/draw• What material did Islamic artists use to decorate the arches in the Court of the Lion at Alhambra?

• List several ways that early Christian art differed from classical Greek Art

• How did the Edict of Milan affect architecture• Compare the Roman copy of the Greek painting the Battle of Issus, to Emperor Justinian and Attendants . Discuss Medium, location & style

• Five Illuminated manuscript pages are illustrated in this chapter. All are considered masterpieces. Which do you prefer?