chapter 8 anatomical considerations. chapter 8 emphasizes those areas of anatomy most concerned...
TRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER 8
ANATOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS
ANATOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS
C
hapter 8 emphasizes those areas of anatomy most
concerned with the embalming process.
C
hapter 8 is going to tell us about our vessel selection options.
C
hapter 9 is closely related in that we will learn the process in
selecting the vessels we will be using. So learn chapter 8 well.
ANATOMICAL POSITION DEFINED
T
he subject is standing erect, the arms are at
the sides with the palms of the hands
facing the observer, the feet are together
and the subject is facing the observer.
DEFINITIONS
A
natomical Guide- A method of locating a structure, such as
an artery or vein, by referencing to an adjacent known or
prominent structure.
L
inear Guide- A line is drawn or visualized on the surface
of the skin to represent the approximate location of
some deeper lying structure.
DEFINITIONS
A
natomical Limit- The point of origin and point of
termination of a structure in relation to adjacent
structures.
R
emember that blood in the veins flows in the direction
opposite of blood in the arteries to the anatomical limit
and the linear guide for the veins would be the opposite
of their respective arteries.
SURFACE FEATURES OF THE NECK
Y
ou should be able to locate the following:• Clavicle• Mandible• Angle of the Jaw• Mastoid Process of the Temporal Bone• Hyoid Bone• Sternum• Sernoclavicular Articulation• Suprasternal Notch• Thyroid Cartilage of the larynx
SURFACE FEATURES OF THE NECK
S
ternocleidomastoid muscle
I
f you don’t know where these features are located you can
reference your Anatomy and Physiology textbook for a review.
A
nd you all thought that Anatomy and Physiology was useless?
ANTERIOR TRIANGLE INCLUDES
Hyoid Bone
Thyroid Cartilage
Cricoid Cartilage
The sheath that
covers all of
this is called the
platysma.
COMMON CAROTID ARTERY
L
inear Guide- From the sternoclavicular articulation
to the anterior surface of the base of the ear lobe.
A
natomical Guide- The right and left common carotid
arteries are located posterior to the medial
border of the SCM Muscle.
COMMON CAROTID ARTERY
A
natomical Limit- It beings at the level of the right
sternoclavicular articulation and ends at the superior
border of the thyroid cartilage.
O
rigins- The right common carotid is a terminal branch of
the brachiocephalic artery. The left is a branch off
the aorta.
COMMON CAROTID ARTERY
B
ranches- there are no branches of the right or left
common carotid, except the terminal bifurcation into
the right and left internal and external carotid arteries.
T
he internal jugular vein lies lateral and superficial to the
common carotid artery.
THE AXILLARY ARTERY
L
inear Guide- Through the center of the base of the
axillary space to a point over or through the center of
the lateral border of the base of the axillary space.
A
natomical Guide- it is just behind the medial border of
the corcobrachalias muscle.
THE AXILLARY ARTERY
A
natomical limit- from a point beginning at the lateral border of
the first rib and ends at the inferior border of the tendon of
the teres major muscle.
O
rigin- It is a continuation of the subclavian artery.
T
he axillary artery is located lateral and deep to the axillary
vein.
BRACHIAL ARTERY
L
inear Guide- From the center of the lateral border of the
base of the axillary space to a point approximately 1
inch below and in front of the elbow joint
A
natomical Guide- Lies in the bicipital groove at the
posterior margin of the medial border of the belly of the
biceps brachii muscle.
BRACHIAL ARTERY
A
natomical Limit- Begins at the inferior border of the tendon of the
teres major muscle and ends at a point inferior to the antecubital
fossa.
O
rigin- It is a continuation of the axillary artery.
T
he accompanying basilic vein is located medial and superficial to
the brachial artery.
RADIAL ARTERY
L
inear Guide- from the center of the antecubital fossa
to the center of the base of the index finger.
A
natomical Guide- Lies just lateral to the tendon of
the flexor carpiradialis muscle and just medial to
the tendon of the brachioradialis muscle.
RADIAL ARTERY
A
natomical Limit- from a point approximately 1 inch below
and in front of the bend of the elbow to a point over
the base of the thumb.
O
rigin- Originates at the bifurcation of the brachial artery.
T
wo small veins lie on both sides of the artery.
ULNAR ARTERY
L
inear Guide- The center of the antecubial fossa on the
forearm to a point between the fourth and fifth fingers.
A
natomical Guide- Just lateral to the tendon of the flexor
carpi ulnaris muscle.
A
natomical Limit- From a point approximately 1 inch
below and in front of the bend of the elbow to a point
over the pisiform bone.
ULNAR ARTERY
O
rigin- originates at the bifurcation of the
brachial artery.
T
wo small veins lie on either side.
EXTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY AND VEIN
I
t is a continuation of the common iliac artery.
I
t extends to a point under the center of the inguinal ligament.
T
he artery lies exactly at this ligament lateral to the external iliac
vein.
T
his artery is used to embalm the lower extremities of an autopsied body.
INGUINAL REGION
T
he inguinal region is an area below the inguinal
ligament in which the femoral vessels are
found.
FEMORAL TRIANGLE
T
he inguinal ligament is the base and the sides
are the medial border of the sartorius
muscle and the lateral border of the
adductor longus muscle.
THE FEMORAL ARTERY
L
inear Guide- On the thigh from the center of the inguinal
ligament to the center of the medial prominence of the
knee.
A
natomical Guide- passes through the center of the femoral
triangle and is bound laterally by the medical border of
the sartorius muscle and medially by the adductor longus
muscle.
THE FEMORAL ARTERY
A
natomical Limit- From a point bend the center of the
inguinal ligament o the opening in the adductor magnus
muscle.
O
rigin- it is a continuation of the external iliac artery.
T
he vein is superficial to the femoral vein.
THE POPLITEAL ARTERY
L
inear Guide- Center of the superior border of the popliteal
space parallel to the long axis of the lower extremity to
the center of the inferior border of the popliteal space.
A
natomical Limit- From a point beginning a the opening of
the adductor magnus muscle to the lower border of
the popliteus muscle.
THE POPLITEAL ARTERY
O
rigin- it is a continuation of the femoral artery.
T
he vein lies posterior and medial to the artery.
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERIES
L
inear Guide- The anterior is from the lateral
border of the patella to the anterior surface of the
ankle joint. The Posterior is from the center of
the popliteal space to a point mid-way between
the posterior border of the tibia and the
calcaneus tendon.
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERIES
A
natomical Guide- The anterior is in a groove
between the tibialis anterior muscle and the
tendon of the extensor hallucis longus muscle.
The posterior is between the posterior border
of the tibia and the calcaneus tendon.
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERIES
A
natomical Limit- The anterior starts at the beginning of
the inferior border of the popliteus muscle to a point in
from of the middle of the ankle joint. The posterior starts
from a point beginning at the inferior border of the
popliteus muscle to a point over and between the medial
malleolus and the calcaneus of the respective foot.
DORSALIS PEDIS
L
inear Guide- from the center of the anterior
surface of the ankle joint to a point between
the first and second toes.