chapter 8 - feg
TRANSCRIPT
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Preview
8-1 Connecting ideas with and
8-2 Connecting ideas with but and or
8-3 Connecting ideas with so
8-4 Using auxiliary verbs after but and and
8-5 Using and + too, so, either, neither
8-6 Connecting ideas with because
8-7 Connecting ideas with even though/although
CONTENTS
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PREVIEW
PUNCTUATION:
CORRECT INCORRECT ?OR
Elephants eat leaves and brush.
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PREVIEW
PUNCTUATION:
CORRECT
Elephants eat leaves and brush.
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PREVIEW
PUNCTUATION:
CORRECT INCORRECT ?OR
Flounder are fish all fish live in water.
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PREVIEW
PUNCTUATION:
INCORRECT
Flounder are fish all fish live in water.
CORRECT
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PREVIEW
PUNCTUATION:
INCORRECT
Flounder are fish all fish live in water.
Flounder are fish. All fish live in water.
CORRECT
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PREVIEW
PUNCTUATION:
CORRECT INCORRECT ?OR
Carrots onions and celery are vegetables.
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PREVIEW
PUNCTUATION:
INCORRECT
Carrots onions and celery are vegetables.
CORRECT
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PREVIEW
PUNCTUATION:
INCORRECT
Carrots onions and celery are vegetables.
Carrots onions and celery are vegetables.
CORRECT
, ,
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8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
We had salmon, asparagus, and salad for dinner.
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8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
CONNECTING ITEMS WITHIN A SENTENCE
(a) NO COMMA: I ate an apple and a banana.
(b) COMMA: I ate an apple a banana and a pear., ,
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and connects two words NO COMMA
and connects three or more COMMAS
8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
CONNECTING ITEMS WITHIN A SENTENCE
(a) NO COMMA: I ate an apple and a banana.
(b) COMMA: I ate an apple a banana and a pear., ,
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and connects two words NO COMMA
and connects three or more COMMAS
8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
CONNECTING ITEMS WITHIN A SENTENCE
(a) NO COMMA: I ate an apple and a banana.
(b) COMMA: I ate an apple a banana and a pear., ,
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8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES
(c) COMMA: I ate an apple and you ate a pear.,
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and connects two sentences COMMA
8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES
(c) COMMA: I ate an apple and you ate a pear.,
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8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES
(d) PERIOD: I ate an apple You ate a pear.
(e) INCORRECT: I ate an apple, you ate a pear.
.
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8-1 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH AND
CONNECTING TWO SENTENCES
(d) PERIOD: I ate an apple You ate a pear.
(e) INCORRECT: I ate an apple, you ate a pear.
.
period two complete sentences
no “and”
no comma
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8-1 LET’S PRACTICE
I like lettuce and tomato on my cheeseburger.
COMMA
NO COMMA
COMMAS?
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8-1 LET’S PRACTICE
I like lettuce and tomato on my cheeseburger.
COMMA
NO COMMA
COMMAS
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8-1 LET’S PRACTICE
I speak Hindi and you speak Swedish.
COMMA
NO COMMA
COMMAS?
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8-1 LET’S PRACTICE
I speak Hindi and you speak Swedish.
COMMA
NO COMMA
COMMAS
,
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8-1 LET’S PRACTICE
I like lettuce tomato and cheese
on my hamburger.
COMMA
NO COMMA
COMMAS?
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8-1 LET’S PRACTICE
I like lettuce tomato and cheese
on my hamburger.
COMMA
NO COMMA
COMMAS
, ,
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8-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR
I studied for the test, but I failed.
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8-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR
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8-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR
(a) The team played well but didn’t win.
(b) Is it going to rain or snow?
(c) Would you like peas carrots squash?
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8-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR
(a) The team played well but didn’t win.
(b) Is it going to rain or snow?
(c) Would you like peas carrots squash?, , or
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8-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR
(a) The team played well but didn’t win.
(b) Is it going to rain or snow?
(c) Would you like peas carrots squash?
and, but and or “conjunctions”
, , or
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8-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR
(a) The team played well but didn’t win.
(b) Is it going to rain or snow?
(c) Would you like peas carrots squash?
and, but and or “conjunctions”
connect items
, , or
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8-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR
(a) The team played well but didn’t win.
(b) Is it going to rain or snow?
(c) Would you like peas carrots squash?
and, but and or “conjunctions”
connect items
commas series of three or more
, , or
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8-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR
I had the flu. = a sentence
I didn’t feel sick. = a sentence
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8-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR
(d) I had the flu but I didn’t feel sick.
(e) Did you have the flu or was it just a cold?
I had the flu. = a sentence
I didn’t feel sick. = a sentence
,
,
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8-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR
(d) I had the flu but I didn’t feel sick.
(e) Did you have the flu or was it just a cold?
I had the flu. = a sentence
I didn’t feel sick. = a sentence
,
,
two complete
sentences with
but or or
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8-2 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BUT AND OR
(d) I had the flu but I didn’t feel sick.
(e) Did you have the flu or was it just a cold?
I had the flu. = a sentence
I didn’t feel sick. = a sentence
,
,
two complete
sentences with
but or or
comma
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8-2 LET’S PRACTICE
and
but
or
COMMA
NO COMMA+
I love to eat ice cream ____
it gives me a stomachache.
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I love to eat ice cream ____
it gives me a stomachache.
8-2 LET’S PRACTICE
but,
and
but
or
COMMA
NO COMMA+
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8-2 LET’S PRACTICE
and
but
or
COMMA
NO COMMA+
She goes to school, studies hard ____
gets good grades.
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8-2 LET’S PRACTICE
and ,
and
but
or
COMMA
NO COMMA+
She goes to school, studies hard ____
gets good grades.
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8-2 LET’S PRACTICE
and
but
or
COMMA
NO COMMA+
Would you like an apple ____ a banana.
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8-2 LET’S PRACTICE
or
and
but
or
COMMA
NO COMMA+
Would you like an apple ____ a banana.
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8-3 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH SO
Rajiv got a new bike, so he went for a ride.
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8-3 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH SO
(a) She was tired, so she took a nap.
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8-3 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH SO
, so
two independent clauses
(a) She was tired, so she took a nap.
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8-3 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH SO
So results:
cause: She was tired.
result: She took a nap.
(a) She was tired, so she took a nap.
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8-3 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH SO
So results:
cause: She was tired.
result: She took a nap.
(a) She was tired, so she took a nap.
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8-3 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH SO
(a) She was tired, so she took a nap.
(b) COMPARE: She was tired, but she
didn’t take a nap.
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8-3 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH SO
(a) She was tired, so she took a nap.
(b) COMPARE: She was tired, but she
didn’t take a nap.
but unexpected result
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8-3 LET’S PRACTICE
so
but
He was frightened, ___ he didn’t cry.
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8-3 LET’S PRACTICE
so
but
He was frightened, ___ he didn’t cry.but
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8-3 LET’S PRACTICE
She was lonely, ___ she
hugged her stuffed monkey.
so
but
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8-3 LET’S PRACTICE
She was lonely, ___ she
hugged her stuffed monkey.
so
so
but
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8-3 LET’S PRACTICE
His mother told him not to play in the mud,
___ he didn’t listen.
so
but
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8-3 LET’S PRACTICE
His mother told him not to play in the mud,
___ he didn’t listen.but
so
but
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8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
He likes pizza, but I don’t.
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8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
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8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
does = play tennis
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(a) I don’t play tennis, but Jim does.
(b) I like racketball, but Jim doesn’t.
(c) I won’t be leaving, but Nazan will.
(d) Yi-When has been to Rome, but Jen hasn’t.
(e) She isn’t at school, but he is.
8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
does = play tennis
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(a) I don’t play tennis, but Jim does.
(b) I like racketball, but Jim doesn’t.
(c) I won’t be leaving, but Nazan will.
(d) Yi-When has been to Rome, but Jen hasn’t.
(e) She isn’t at school, but he is.
8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
does = play tennis
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(a) I don’t play tennis, but Jim does.
(b) I like racketball, but Jim doesn’t.
(c) I won’t be leaving, but Nazan will.
(d) Yi-When has been to Rome, but Jen hasn’t.
(e) She isn’t at school, but he is.
8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
does = play tennis
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(a) I don’t play tennis, but Jim does.
(b) I like racketball, but Jim doesn’t.
(c) I won’t be leaving, but Nazan will.
(d) Yi-When has been to Rome, but Jen hasn’t.
(e) She isn’t at school, but he is.
8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
does = play tennis
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8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
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(f) I don’t play tennis, and Jim doesn’t either.
(g) I like racketball, and Jim does too.
(h) I won’t be leaving, and Nazan won’t either.
(i) Yi-When has been to Rome, and Jen has too.
(j) She isn’t at school, and he isn’t either.
8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
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(f) I don’t play tennis, and Jim doesn’t either.
(g) I like racketball, and Jim does too.
(h) I won’t be leaving, and Nazan won’t either.
(i) Yi-When has been to Rome, and Jen has too.
(j) She isn’t at school, and he isn’t either.
8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
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(f) I don’t play tennis, and Jim doesn’t either.
(g) I like racketball, and Jim does too.
(h) I won’t be leaving, and Nazan won’t either.
(i) Yi-When has been to Rome, and Jen has too.
(j) She isn’t at school, and he isn’t either.
8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
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(f) I don’t play tennis, and Jim doesn’t either.
(g) I like racketball, and Jim does too.
(h) I won’t be leaving, and Nazan won’t either.
(i) Yi-When has been to Rome, and Jen has too.
(j) She isn’t at school, and he isn’t either.
8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
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I don’t play tennis, but Jim does.
8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
negative + but + affirmative
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I don’t play tennis, but Jim does.
8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
negative + but + affirmative
I like racketball, but Jim doesn’t.
![Page 68: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
I don’t play tennis, but Jim does.
8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
negative + but + affirmative
affirmative + but + negative
I like racketball, but Jim doesn’t.
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I won’t be leaving, and Nazan won’t either.
I don’t play tennis, but Jim does.
8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
negative + but + affirmative
affirmative + but + negative
I like racketball, but Jim doesn’t.
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I won’t be leaving, and Nazan won’t either.
I don’t play tennis, but Jim does.
8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
negative + but + affirmative
affirmative + but + negative
I like racketball, but Jim doesn’t.
negative + and + negative
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I don’t play tennis, and Jim doesn’t either.
I won’t be leaving, and Nazan won’t either.
I don’t play tennis, but Jim does.
8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
negative + but + affirmative
affirmative + but + negative
I like racketball, but Jim doesn’t.
negative + and + negative
![Page 72: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
I don’t play tennis, and Jim doesn’t either.
I won’t be leaving, and Nazan won’t either.
I don’t play tennis, but Jim does.
8-4 USING AUXILIARY VERBS AFTER BUT AND AND
negative + but + affirmative
affirmative + but + negative
I like racketball, but Jim doesn’t.
negative + and + negative
negative + and + negative
![Page 73: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
8-4 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT INCORRECT ?OR
I love to ski, but my sister does too.
![Page 74: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
8-4 LET’S PRACTICE
INCORRECT
I love to ski, but my sister does too.
![Page 75: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
8-4 LET’S PRACTICE
INCORRECT
I love to ski, but my sister does too.
CORRECT
![Page 76: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
8-4 LET’S PRACTICE
INCORRECT
I love to ski, but my sister does too.
CORRECT
I love to ski, and my sister does too.
![Page 77: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
8-4 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT INCORRECT ?OR
![Page 78: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
8-4 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT
The man is cooking, but the woman isn’t.
![Page 79: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
8-4 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT INCORRECT ?OR
![Page 80: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
8-4 LET’S PRACTICE
INCORRECT
Lee hasn’t been to Tokyo, but Boram does.
![Page 81: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
8-4 LET’S PRACTICE
INCORRECT
Lee hasn’t been to Tokyo, but Boram does.
CORRECT
![Page 82: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
8-4 LET’S PRACTICE
INCORRECT
Lee hasn’t been to Tokyo, but Boram does.
CORRECT
Lee hasn’t been to Tokyo, but Boram has.
![Page 83: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
Ms. Poulos plays the violin, and her daughter does too.
![Page 84: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
(a) Hyun likes dogs, and Sun Hee does too.
![Page 85: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
(a) Hyun likes dogs, and Sun Hee does too.
subj + aux + TOO
![Page 86: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
(a) Hyun likes dogs, and Sun Hee does too.
subj + aux + TOO
(b) Hyun likes dogs, and so does Sun Hee.
![Page 87: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
(a) Hyun likes dogs, and Sun Hee does too.
subj + aux + TOO
(b) Hyun likes dogs, and so does Sun Hee.SO + aux + subj
![Page 88: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
(a) Hyun likes dogs, and Sun Hee does too.
subj + aux + TOO
(b) Hyun likes dogs, and so does Sun Hee.SO + aux + subj
same meaning
![Page 89: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
(c) Bob doesn’t like dogs, and Jay doesn’t either.
![Page 90: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
(c) Bob doesn’t like dogs, and Jay doesn’t either.
subj + aux + EITHER
![Page 91: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
(c) Bob doesn’t like dogs, and Jay doesn’t either.
subj + aux + EITHER
(d) Bill doesn’t like dogs, and neither does Jay.
![Page 92: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
(c) Bob doesn’t like dogs, and Jay doesn’t either.
subj + aux + EITHER
(d) Bill doesn’t like dogs, and neither does Jay.
NEITHER + aux + subj
![Page 93: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
(c) Bob doesn’t like dogs, and Jay doesn’t either.
subj + aux + EITHER
(d) Bill doesn’t like dogs, and neither does Jay.
NEITHER + aux + subj
same meaning
![Page 94: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
(e) I’m happy
that we are
cooking
together.
![Page 95: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
I am too.
(e) I’m happy
that we are
cooking
together.
![Page 96: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
I am too.
(e) I’m happy
that we are
cooking
together.
(f) I’m happy that we are
cooking together.
![Page 97: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
I am too.
same
meaning
(e) I’m happy
that we are
cooking
together. So am I.
(f) I’m happy that we are
cooking together.
![Page 98: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
(g) I don’t
like bread.
![Page 99: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
I don’t either.
(g) I don’t
like bread.
![Page 100: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
I don’t either.
(g) I don’t
like bread.
(h) I don’t like bread.
![Page 101: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
I don’t either.
(g) I don’t
like bread.
Neither do I.
(h) I don’t like bread.
![Page 102: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
I don’t either.
(g) I don’t
like bread.
Neither do I.
(h) I don’t like bread.
same
meaning
![Page 103: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
(i) I like fruit.
![Page 104: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
Me too.
(i) I like fruit.
![Page 105: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
Me too.
(i) I like fruit.(j) I don’t like bread.
![Page 106: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
Me too.
(i) I like fruit.
Me neither.
(j) I don’t like bread.
![Page 107: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
8-5 USING AND + TOO, SO, EITHER, NEITHER
Me too.
(i) I like fruit.
Me neither.
(j) I don’t like bread.
informal
English
![Page 108: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
8-5 LET’S PRACTICE
too
Amy is wearing high
heels, and _______
________________.
![Page 109: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
8-5 LET’S PRACTICE
too
Amy is wearing high
heels, and _______
________________.
Emma
is too
![Page 110: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
8-5 LET’S PRACTICE
Amy wears high
heels, and _______
________________.
so
![Page 111: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
8-5 LET’S PRACTICE
Amy wears high
heels, and _______
________________.
so does
Emma
so
![Page 112: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
8-5 LET’S PRACTICE
Jay doesn’t have
long hair, and
________________.
neither
![Page 113: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
8-5 LET’S PRACTICE
Jay doesn’t have
long hair, and
________________.neither does Amy
neither
![Page 114: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
They are happy because they bought a new house.
![Page 115: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(a) She is smiling because she is happy.
because cause
reason
![Page 116: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(a) She is smiling because she is happy.
because cause
reason
![Page 117: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(a) She is smiling because she is happy.
because cause
reason
![Page 118: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(b) MAIN CLAUSE: She is smiling.
![Page 119: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
complete sentence
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(b) MAIN CLAUSE: She is smiling.
![Page 120: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
complete sentence
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(b) MAIN CLAUSE: She is smiling.
(c) ADVERB CLAUSE: because she is happy.
![Page 121: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
complete sentence
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(b) MAIN CLAUSE: She is smiling.
(c) ADVERB CLAUSE: because she is happy.
complete sentence
![Page 122: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
complete sentence
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(b) MAIN CLAUSE: She is smiling.
(c) ADVERB CLAUSE: because she is happy.
because + subject + verb = an adverb clause
complete sentence
![Page 123: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(d) She is smiling because she is happy.
![Page 124: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(d) She is smiling because she is happy.
(no comma)
MAIN CLAUSE ADVERB CLAUSE
![Page 125: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(d) She is smiling because she is happy.
(no comma)
MAIN CLAUSE ADVERB CLAUSE
main clause + no comma + adverb clause
![Page 126: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(d) She is smiling because she is happy.
(no comma)
MAIN CLAUSE ADVERB CLAUSE
main clause + no comma + adverb clause
(e) Because she is happy, she is smiling.
![Page 127: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(d) She is smiling because she is happy.
(no comma)
MAIN CLAUSE ADVERB CLAUSE
main clause + no comma + adverb clause
(e) Because she is happy, she is smiling.
(comma)
MAIN CLAUSEADVERB CLAUSE
![Page 128: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(d) She is smiling because she is happy.
(no comma)
MAIN CLAUSE ADVERB CLAUSE
main clause + no comma + adverb clause
(e) Because she is happy, she is smiling.
(comma)
MAIN CLAUSEADVERB CLAUSE
adverb clause + comma + main clause
![Page 129: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(d) She is smiling because she is happy.
(no comma)
MAIN CLAUSE ADVERB CLAUSE
(e) Because she is happy, she is smiling.
(comma)
MAIN CLAUSEADVERB CLAUSE
![Page 130: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(d) She is smiling because she is happy.
(no comma)
MAIN CLAUSE ADVERB CLAUSE
(e) Because she is happy, she is smiling.
(comma)
MAIN CLAUSEADVERB CLAUSE
same meaning
![Page 131: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(f) INCORRECT IN WRITING:
She is smiling. Because she is happy.
![Page 132: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(f) INCORRECT IN WRITING:
She is smiling. Because she is happy.
![Page 133: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(f) INCORRECT IN WRITING:
She is smiling. Because she is happy.
must be
connected to
a main clause
Written?
![Page 134: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(g) CORRECT IN SPEAKING:
Why is he
laughing?
![Page 135: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
8-6 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH BECAUSE
(g) CORRECT IN SPEAKING:
Why is he
laughing?
Because I told
him a joke.
![Page 136: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
8-6 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT INCORRECT?OR
Her eyes are watering. Because she is sick.
![Page 137: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
8-6 LET’S PRACTICE
INCORRECT
Her eyes are watering. Because she is sick.
![Page 138: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
8-6 LET’S PRACTICE
INCORRECT
Her eyes are watering. Because she is sick.
CORRECT
Her eyes are watering ________________.
OR
Because she is sick, __________________
![Page 139: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
8-6 LET’S PRACTICE
INCORRECT
Her eyes are watering. Because she is sick.
CORRECT
Her eyes are watering ________________.
OR
Because she is sick, __________________
because she is sick
![Page 140: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/140.jpg)
8-6 LET’S PRACTICE
INCORRECT
Her eyes are watering. Because she is sick.
CORRECT
Her eyes are watering ________________.
OR
Because she is sick, __________________her eyes are watering.
because she is sick
![Page 141: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/141.jpg)
8-6 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT INCORRECT ?OR
![Page 142: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/142.jpg)
8-6 LET’S PRACTICE
CORRECT
The woman is happy because she
loves her English class.
![Page 143: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/143.jpg)
8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH /
ALTHOUGH
Even though we were tired, we didn’t rest.
![Page 144: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/144.jpg)
8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH /
ALTHOUGH
![Page 145: Chapter 8 - FEG](https://reader030.vdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022012707/61a7d2d30ac61e51fd625f7c/html5/thumbnails/145.jpg)
(a) Even though I was very sad, I didn’t cry.
I did not cry even though I was very sad.
8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH /
ALTHOUGH
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(a) Even though I was very sad, I didn’t cry.
I did not cry even though I was very sad.
(b) Although I was very sad, I didn’t cry.
I did not cry although I was very sad.
8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH /
ALTHOUGH
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(a) Even though I was very sad, I didn’t cry.
I did not cry even though I was very sad.
(b) Although I was very sad, I didn’t cry.
I did not cry although I was very sad.
even though
although
same
meaning
8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH /
ALTHOUGH
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(a) Even though I was very sad, I didn’t cry.
I did not cry even though I was very sad.
(b) Although I was very sad, I didn’t cry.
I did not cry although I was very sad.
even though
althoughadverb clause
8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH /
ALTHOUGH
+
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COMPARE:
8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH /
ALTHOUGH
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(c) Because I was very sad, I cried.
(d) Even though I was very sad, I did not cry.
COMPARE:
8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH /
ALTHOUGH
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(c) Because I was very sad, I cried.
(d) Even though I was very sad, I did not cry.
because expected result
even though
although
COMPARE:
8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH /
ALTHOUGH
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(c) Because I was very sad, I cried.
(d) Even though I was very sad, I did not cry.
because expected result
even though
althoughunexpected result
COMPARE:
8-7 CONNECTING IDEAS WITH EVEN THOUGH /
ALTHOUGH
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8-7 LET’S PRACTICE
even though
because
___________ I wanted to become a doctor, I
went to medical school.
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8-7 LET’S PRACTICE
even though
because
___________ I wanted to become a doctor, I
went to medical school.
Because
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8-7 LET’S PRACTICE
___________ it was difficult
to become a doctor, I did it anyway.
even though
because
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8-7 LET’S PRACTICE
___________ it was difficult
to become a doctor, I did it anyway.
Even though
even though
because