chapter 8 - photosynthesis autotrophic organisms – organisms that make their own organic compounds...

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Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis utotrophic organisms – organisms hat make their own organic compoun food.) eterotrophic organisms – organisms hat CANNOT make their own food

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Page 1: Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis Autotrophic organisms – organisms that make their own organic compounds (food.) Heterotrophic organisms – organisms That CANNOT

Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis

Autotrophic organisms – organisms that make their own organic compounds(food.)

Heterotrophic organisms – organismsThat CANNOT make their own food

Page 2: Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis Autotrophic organisms – organisms that make their own organic compounds (food.) Heterotrophic organisms – organisms That CANNOT

Figure 10.2 Focusing in on the location of photosynthesis in a plant

Page 3: Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis Autotrophic organisms – organisms that make their own organic compounds (food.) Heterotrophic organisms – organisms That CANNOT

Figure 10.6 Why leaves are green: interaction of light with chloroplasts

Page 4: Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis Autotrophic organisms – organisms that make their own organic compounds (food.) Heterotrophic organisms – organisms That CANNOT

Overall reaction for photosynthesis:

Page 5: Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis Autotrophic organisms – organisms that make their own organic compounds (food.) Heterotrophic organisms – organisms That CANNOT

Requirements for photosynthesis tooccur:

CO2 – this is obtained through openings called stomata located under the leaves. Draw here:

H2O – The roots pull it from the soil up to the leaves.

Page 6: Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis Autotrophic organisms – organisms that make their own organic compounds (food.) Heterotrophic organisms – organisms That CANNOT

Sunlight – provides energy for the reaction.

Pigments:Chlorophyll – absorbs red and blue light (which provides energy)Carotenes and Xanthophylls – absorb different wavelengths of light.

Page 7: Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis Autotrophic organisms – organisms that make their own organic compounds (food.) Heterotrophic organisms – organisms That CANNOT

Energy-storing compounds

The energy from the sun has to be temporarily stored in a molecule before it can be used to make sugar.

Solar energy elevates electrons to a higher energy level by trapping them in chemical bonds.

2 energy-storing molecules are used:

Page 8: Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis Autotrophic organisms – organisms that make their own organic compounds (food.) Heterotrophic organisms – organisms That CANNOT

ATP

NADP+

How they’re made

Page 9: Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis Autotrophic organisms – organisms that make their own organic compounds (food.) Heterotrophic organisms – organisms That CANNOT

- When an organism makes energy,It is in the form of a molecule called

ATP

Page 10: Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis Autotrophic organisms – organisms that make their own organic compounds (food.) Heterotrophic organisms – organisms That CANNOT
Page 11: Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis Autotrophic organisms – organisms that make their own organic compounds (food.) Heterotrophic organisms – organisms That CANNOT

Draw chloroplast diagram here:

http://www.daviddarling.info/images/chloroplast.jpg

Page 12: Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis Autotrophic organisms – organisms that make their own organic compounds (food.) Heterotrophic organisms – organisms That CANNOT

AP Biology Kovacs

Figure 10.12 How noncyclic electron flow during the light reactions generates ATP and NADPH (Layer 1)

Page 13: Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis Autotrophic organisms – organisms that make their own organic compounds (food.) Heterotrophic organisms – organisms That CANNOT

AP Biology Kovacs

Figure 10.12 How noncyclic electron flow during the light reactions generates ATP and NADPH (Layer 2)

Page 14: Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis Autotrophic organisms – organisms that make their own organic compounds (food.) Heterotrophic organisms – organisms That CANNOT

AP Biology Kovacs

Figure 10.12 How noncyclic electron flow during the light reactions generates ATP and NADPH (Layer 3)

Page 15: Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis Autotrophic organisms – organisms that make their own organic compounds (food.) Heterotrophic organisms – organisms That CANNOT

AP Biology Kovacs

Figure 10.12 How noncyclic electron flow during the light reactions generates ATP and NADPH (Layer 5)

Page 16: Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis Autotrophic organisms – organisms that make their own organic compounds (food.) Heterotrophic organisms – organisms That CANNOT

AP Biology Kovacs

Figure 10.14 Cyclic electron flow

Page 17: Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis Autotrophic organisms – organisms that make their own organic compounds (food.) Heterotrophic organisms – organisms That CANNOT

AP Biology Kovacs

Figure 10.16 The light reactions and chemiosmosis: the organization of the thylakoid membrane

Page 18: Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis Autotrophic organisms – organisms that make their own organic compounds (food.) Heterotrophic organisms – organisms That CANNOT

Photosynthesis is a series of chemicalreactions in the chloroplast

1 – Light dependent reaction (photochemical reaction)

-Occurs in the photosynthetic membranes of the chloroplast (grana)

-Water is split using light energy in a process called photolysis.

-Energy is transferred to ATP and NADPH for use in the next reaction.

Page 19: Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis Autotrophic organisms – organisms that make their own organic compounds (food.) Heterotrophic organisms – organisms That CANNOT

-Oxygen gas is produces as a waste product.

Summary:

Page 20: Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis Autotrophic organisms – organisms that make their own organic compounds (food.) Heterotrophic organisms – organisms That CANNOT

2 – Light-Independent Reaction(a.k.a. Dark Reactions, Calvin Cycle, Carbon Fixation) YIKES!!!

- Occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast

- Carbon dioxide is used to create a carbohydrate (glucose)-Energy is provided by ATP and NADPH from the light reaction:

Page 21: Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis Autotrophic organisms – organisms that make their own organic compounds (food.) Heterotrophic organisms – organisms That CANNOT

Summary:

Page 22: Chapter 8 - Photosynthesis Autotrophic organisms – organisms that make their own organic compounds (food.) Heterotrophic organisms – organisms That CANNOT

Box Diagram!