Chapter 8 Time Line• Quiz

– Period 1/4 : Tuesday November 25th – Period 7: Wednesday November 26th

• Laboratory– Period 1/4: Monday December 1st – Period 7: Tuesday December 2nd

• Test: Homework / Lab is due– Period 1 : Wednesday December 3rd – Period 4/7: Thursday December 4th

Homework1. Describe, in detail, the light reactions and the

dark reactions that make up photosynthesis.– Include illustrations of each step of photosynthesis– Include the role of ATP and NAD, NADH– Include where the reactions take place.

2. What did the experiments of van Helmont, Priestley, and Ingenhousz reveal about how plants grow?

6.1 – Energy for CellsATP – adenosine triphosphate

Free Energy = energy available to do work.endergonic reactions = reactions that absorb energyexergonic reactions = reactions that release energy

What is ATP?

Photosynthesis

The Equation: What are the reactants? What are the Products?

Enzymes

(Reactants) (Products)

Light ReactionsSummary:

1. Light energy – absorbed & converted to ATP2. H2O is split – H+ ions, O2 & electrons3. H+ ions attach to NADP (carrier coenzyme) for later use.

Where do the light reactions occur?Thylakoid membranes

Light Reactions – The capture of Light energy

Calvin Cycle – Dark ReactionsWhere does the Calvin Cycle take place?Stroma (fluid filled space)

What are sugars composed of?Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

1. Where does the Carbon come from?CO2

2. Where does the Hydrogen come from?Splitting of H2O3. Where does the Oxygen come from? CO2

The combining of these Atoms (Carbon, Hydrogen & Oxygen) Produce 3 carbon sugars used for the following:

1. Carbohydrate production (Glucose, Fructose & Starch)2. Lipids3. Amino Acids4. Nucleic Acids5. Starch

The Calvin Cycle – Simplified

The Calvin Cycle – Complex

What is NAD+ and NADH?

Energy Relationships

Energy Relationships

Autotrophs – Produces its own Energy / Food Heterotrophs – get energy from the food they consume

Jan Van Helmont = Plants gained mass from waterJoseph Priestley = 0xygen released by plants ( candle

experiment)Jan Ingenhousz = Oxygen was released during the day / Light

Plant produced bubbles.Julius Robert Mayer – Light energy was converted to chemical energy.Melvin Calvin = Calvin Cycle – Path of carbon to form

glucose

Energy LaboratoryReminders:1. The tip of the flame is the hottest. Make sure the test tube is relatively close to

the tip of the flame.2. Make sure you use the tip of the flame from the match to light the nut. 3. 1ml of water = 1 gram

When you find the calories for you nut look at the weight.if its .5 (half) a gram then you need to divide it by the calories to find out the total calories per gram of nut.

Example:1. If my nut is .5g then the calories from that nut is only half of what a full gram

would give me therefore the calories/g would be more than the experimental value.

If the calories from the experiment = 100c Then the calories per gram = 200c/g100c / .5g = 200 c/g

2. If my nut is 1.5g then the calories from that nut is more than what a full gram would give me therefore the calories/g would be less than the experimental value

If the calories form the experiment =100c Then the calories per gram = 66c/g100c / 1.5g = 66.66 c/g