chapter 8.1 – the need for energy i.the need for energy – all organisms must get energy from...
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Chapter 8.1 – The Need for Energy
I. The Need for Energy – all organisms must get energy from their environment to do work
A. Autotrophs – organisms that harvest energy from sunlight or
chemicals green plants, green algae, green
bacteriaB. Heterotrophs – organisms that
consume energy from other organisms humans, snakes, cockroaches,
tapeworms, bacteria, yeast/fungi, venus fly trap
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C. ATP – an energy molecule1. Energy is stored in its bonds2. Energy gets released when ATP
is broken apart, forming ADP
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)
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D. Examples of Cells Using Energy:1. any exercise2. thinking3. digesting4. breathing
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II. Photosynthesis – trapping the sun’s energy
A. Chloroplast – part of an autotroph’s cells that trap light energy
B. Chlorophyll – green pigment in the chloroplast that converts the
sun’s energy into ATP it absorbs all colors, except green green is reflected back to our eyes
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C. Photosynthesis – the process that uses the sun’s energy to make glucose
6CO2 + 6H2O + sun → C6H12O6 + 6O2
2 steps:
1. Light-Dependent Reactions Sunlight is converted into
ATP2. Light-Independent Reactions
(Dark Reactions / Calvin Cycle) ATP (from step 1) and CO2 are
used to make glucose (C6H12O6)
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III. Cellular Respiration – the process where cells in ALL living things use cell parts called mitochondria to get ATP energy from glucose
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
3 Steps to make 36 ATP:
1. Glycolysis – chemical reactions that break apart glucose (2 ATP made)
2. Citric Acid Cycle / Krebs Cycle (2 ATP made)
3. Electron Transport Chain (32 ATP made)
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A. Aerobic Respiration – happens with oxygen when your body
operates normallyB. Anaerobic Respiration –
fermentation happens when your body lacks O2
1. In Animals: lactic acid fermentation causes muscle stiffness (side aches)
2. In Plants or Fungi: alcoholic fermentation produces
ethanol & CO2
Brewing Industry – ethanol is the “alcohol” in beer and wine, CO2 adds fizz
Bread Industry – yeast produces CO2, but ethanol evaporates during baking
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CellularRespiration
O2 Who? Products Made
Causes…
AerobicCellular
Respiration
present All living things
(plants, animals,
bacteria, fungi, protists)
CO2
H2O
Energy
Anaerobic Respiration:Lactic AcidFermentati
on
absent Animals CO2
H2O
Lactic Acid
Muscle Stiffness(side aches)
AnaerobicRespiration:
AlcoholicFermentati
on
absent Plants, bacteria, fungi,
protists
CO2
H2O
Ethanol
Bread to rise
beer to have fizz
Evaporates in oven w/ bread
Stays in beer to make it “alcoholic”
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Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Food- Made or Broken down?
Made Broken down
Energy- Stored or Released?
Stored Released
CO2- Taken in or Given off?
Taken in Given off
O2- Taken in or Given off?
Given off Taken in
Produces- What 2 things?
Glucose & O2 CO2 & H2O
Light - Required or Not?
Light required Light NOT required
Where does it happen?
Chloroplasts of Plants Mitochondria of ALL living things