Chapter 8cJovian Planet Systems

8.3 Jovian Planet RingsOur Goals for Learning

• What are Saturn’s rings like?

• Why do the jovian planets have rings?

What are Saturn’s rings like?

• They are made up of numerous, tiny individual particles

• They orbit over Saturn’s equator• They are very thin

Earth-based view

Spacecraft view

Artist’s interpretation of a close-up view

Saturn’s rings

• Many particles of ice and dust orbit Saturn.• Many particle collisions cause the rings to

be very thin (tens of meters!)• Gap moons and orbital resonances create

the effect of rings and gaps.

Why do the jovian planets have rings?

• They formed from dust created in impacts on moons orbiting those planets

How do we know?

• Rings aren’t leftover from planet formation-- the particles are too small to have survived this long.

• There must be a continuous replacement of tiny particles.

• The most likely source is impacts with the jovian moons.

Implications• Jovian planets all have rings because they

possess many small moons close-in• Impacts on these moons are random• Saturn’s incredible rings may be an ‘accident’

of our time

What have we learned?

• What are Saturn’s rings like?

• Saturn’s rings are made up of countless individual particles, each orbiting Saturn independently like a tiny moon. The rings lie in Saturn’s equatorial plane, and they are extremely thin.

What have we learned?• Why do the jovian planets have rings?• Ring particles probably come from the

dismantling of small moons formed in the disks of gas that surrounded the jovian planets billions of years ago. Small ring particles come from countless tiny impacts on the surfaces of these moons, while larger ones come from impacts that shatter the moons.