Developing InstructionalMaterialsAngel Jones

BackgroundThe hallmark of individualized instructions is that many of the instructional events typically carried out by the instructor with a group of students are now presented to the individual student through instructional material. The instructor is still the motivator, as well as a counselor, evaluator, and decision maker; and the instructor usually feels added responsibility for each students mastery of the objectives.

Objectives• Describe the designer’s role in materials development

and instructional delivery.• Describe factors that may cause revision in media

sections and delivery systems for a given instructions.• Name and describe the components of an

instructional package.• List four categories of criteria for judging the

appropriateness of existing instructional materials.• Name appropriate rough draft materials for various

final media.• Given an instructional strategy, describe the

procedures for developing instructional material.• Develop instructional materials based on a given

instructional strategy.

The Designer’s Role in Materials Development and Instructional Delivery

ReconsiderDelivery system and media selection

Determine components ofthe instructional package

Consider existing instructional materials

Develop instructional material

Designer as the Material Developer and Instructor

Instructional Delivery Role is passive Facilitator ‘s Role is very active Facilitator monitors and guides the student’s progress Student’s progress at their own speed

Instructors' Select and Adapt Materials to Suit Instruction Strategy

Increase role in delivering instruction Resource-based learning Direct instruction Most common instructor managed teaching and learning.

Instructor Delivers all Instruction Traditional model Common in public school Advantage: Instructor can constantly update and improve instruction

as changes occur Disadvantage: Instructor have little time to help individuals learners

with problems

Designer is not the Instructor

In large companies an instructional designer may work with a team responsible for design, development and implementation of training. In a smaller ID setting, one individual may be responsible for more thang one function, while in a larger ID, multiple individuals may be assigned to each function.

The Delivery System and Media Selections

Three factors often cause compromise in selections of medial and delivery system:1. Availability of existing instructional material2. Production and implementation constraints3. The amount of facilitation that the instructor will provide during

instruction

The Delivery System and Media Selections

Availability of Existing Instructional Material

Can be an attractive alternative Can be substituted for planned

materials.

Production and Implementation of Constraints

Media formats that look expensive are expensive.

Cutting production will not affect student learning but will impact student’s attention.

Amount of Instructor Facilitation

Components of an Instructional Package

Package: Includes all forms of print and mediated materials.

Components of an Instructional Package Instructional Material: materials that written, mediated, or facilitated

by an instructor to achieve the objectives.

Assessments: Objective test or by product or performance assessments. Includes pretest and posttest

Course Management Information: Instructor’s manual provides an overview of the materials and shows how they might be incorporated into an overall learning sequence for students.

Existing Instructional MaterialsGoal-Centered Criteria for Evaluating Existing Materials

Focus on the content of instruction1. Congruence between the content in the materials and your terminal

and performance objectives.2. Adequacy of content coverage and completeness3. Authority4. Accuracy5. Currency 6. Objectivity

Existing Instructional MaterialsLearner-Centered Criteria for Evaluating Existing Materials

Provide the foundation for consideration of the appropriateness of instructional materials for your target group.

1. Vocabulary and language levels2. Developmental, motivation, and interest levels3. Backgrounds and experiences4. Special Language or other needs

Existing Instructional MaterialsContext-Centered Criteria for Evaluating Existing Materials

Provide the foundation for judging whether existing materials can be adopted as is or adapted for your setting

Authenticity of the materials for your context and learners Feasibility of the material for your setting and budget

Existing Instructional MaterialsTechnical Criteria for Evaluating Existing Materials

Materials should be judged for their technical adequacy1. The delivery system and media formats2. Packaging3. Graphic design and typography4. Durability5. Legibility6. Audio and video quality and when appropriate7. Interface design, navigation and functionality

Instructional Materials and Formative Evaluation

Rough Draft MaterialPurpose is to create a quick low cost version of your design to have something to guide final production and

Instructional Materials and Formative Evaluation

Rapid Prototyping Go light on the early analysis steps of an instructional design model, Develop prototype instructional materials rapidly Use quick iterative cycles of formative evaluation Revision to shape the final form of the material

Instructional Materials and Formative Evaluation

Materials Development Tools and Resources

Paperback literature available in computer stores, bookstores and through web-based vendors

Web

Steps in the Development of Instruction Review the instructional strategy for each objective. Review your analysis of the learning context. Decide on the components of the package of instructional material Survey the literature and ask experts what instructional material are

available. Adopt or adapt available materials. Determine if new materials need to be designed. Determine the degree to which you want the instruction to be self-

paced, group paced, or mixed.

Steps in the Development of Instruction Continue

Plan and write the instructional material based on the instructional strategy in rough draft form.

Review each completed lesson for clarity and flow of ideas Write the accompanying instruction to guide the student through any

required activities Begin evaluation activities Develop material for the instructor manual or take notes as you

develop and revise the instructional presentation and activities.

Reflective PractitionerAs a reflective practitioner I will be able to make judgement if the delivery system and media selection cost constraints and understand the instructor role. I will be able to represent the conception of what the material will include and how they will work. I will make decisions about whether to adopt or adapt any existing materials for use in the instruction. I will reflect on my practice develop instructional material needed for formative assessment.

Thank youAngel Jones