chapter 9 balancing equations. parts of a reaction h 2 so 3 (aq) h 2 o (l) + so 2 (g)...
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Chapter 9Balancing Equations
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Parts of a Reaction• H2SO3 (aq) H2O (l) + SO2 (g)
Reactants Products
•l = liquid
•g = gas
•aq = aqueous (water solution)
•Mixture
•NaCl (aq)
•s or cr = crystalline solid
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Arrows• Ex. O2
• -- gas given off
• Ex. Ba(OH)2 – -- precipitate formed (solid) in double displacement
-- yields or forms
-- reversible reaction (rxn)
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Types of ReactionsVideo
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Classifying Reactions• Synthesis
– Element + element compound
A + X AX
Ex. 2H2 + O2 2 H2O
4 Fe + 3 O2 2 Fe2O3
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• Decomposition– Compound 2 or more simpler substances
AX A + X
Ex. 2 H2O2 2 H2O + O2
2 H2O 2H2 + O2
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• Single Displacement ( or replacement)– Element + compound element + compound
• Nonmetal displaces nonmetal + - - CY + D CD + Y
• Metal displaces metal + - + AX + B BX + A
• Ex. Cu + 2 AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 +2Ag• Ex. Cl2 + 2 KBr 2 KCl + Br2
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• Double Displacement– compound+compound compound + compound– Normally in aqueous solution– Forms a precipitate
+ - + - + - + -
AX + BY AY + BX
Ex. CuCl2 + 2 NaOH 2NaCl + Cu(OH)2
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• Combustion– Also called oxidation– This is a burning reaction w/ oxygen
– Produces heat, light and CO2 and H2O
– Hydrocarbon + oxygen CO2 + H2O
– CH4 + 2 O2 CO2 + 2 H2O
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Balancing Equations
Video
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Balancing Equations• Reaction equations give correct ratios
between reactants and products
• Follows Law of Conservation of Mass (what was there b/4 must be there after)
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Steps in Balancing:1. Determine the reactants and products
2. Assemble the parts of the chemical equation
• Write the formulas properly (w/ the proper oxidation numbers) and (diatomics)• Diatomics: H2, O2, N2, I2, F2, Br2, Cl2
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3. Balance the equation• Use coefficients (# b/4 the symbol) to show equal
# of atoms for each element on both sides of the equation
• Change only COEFFICIENTS• NEVER, EVER touch the subscripts
• CaCO3 subscript
• NEVER place coefficients in middle of formula• Na3Cl
• You may need to use the least common multiple
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4. Check: count up each element and make sure the # atoms in each of the reactants equals the # of atoms in each of the products
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Water hydrogen + oxygen
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Lead (II) nitrate + sodium hydroxide lead (II) hydroxide + sodium nitrate
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Balancing combustion:• Balance C (carbons) then H (hydrogens)
then O (oxygens)
• If that doesn’t work and you get an odd number of O’s– Erase – double the hydrocarbon and do again
(C, H, O)
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C8H18 + O2 CO2 + H2O
C8H18 + O2 8 CO2 + 9 H2O
25 O’s
2 C8H18 + 25O2 16 CO2 + 18H2O
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Precipitates• Check every double displacement reaction
for precipitates (check products)
• Use chart, anything other than a “s” on chart is a precipitate
• place a down arrow () after that compound– AgCl