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CHAPTER 9

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS

SECTION FC 901GENERAL

901.1 Scope. This chapter shall govern the design, installation,operation and maintenance, including inspection and testing,of fire protection devices, equipment and systems, and otherfire protection measures for the control and extinguishment offire.

901.1.1 General. Fire protection systems shall be designed,installed, operated and maintained in accordance with thischapter and the reference standards set forth in Table 901.6.1.

901.2 Design and installation documents. The commissionermay require design and installation documents and calcula-tions to be submitted for review for all fire protection systems.Design and installation documents required or regulated bythis code or the rules shall be submitted for review and approvalprior to installation, and shall certify that the design complieswith the requirements of this code and the rules.

901.3 Permits. Permits shall be required as set forth in Section105.6.

901.4 Design and installation. Fire protection systems shallbe designed and installed in accordance with Sections 901.4.1through 901.4.5.

901.4.1 Required fire protection systems. Fire protectionsystems shall be designed and installed in accordance withthe construction codes, including the Building Code, and, asapplicable, this code and the rules, and the applicable refer-enced standards listed in this code. Required systems shallbe extended or altered as necessary to maintain and continueprotection whenever the building or structure is altered.Alterations to fire protection systems shall be performed incompliance with the requirements of this code, the rules,and the construction codes, as applicable. Buildings andstructures shall be provided with such fire hose, portable fireextinguishers and other means of preventing and extin-guishing fires as the commissioner may direct.

901.4.2 Fire protection systems not required by code.Any fire protection system or portion thereof not requiredby this code, the rules or the construction codes, includingthe Building Code, may be installed to provide partial orcomplete protection of a building or structure, providedsuch system meets the requirements of this code, the rulesand the construction codes, including the Building Code, asapplicable. Where the design and installation of such fireprotection system is governed by this code or the rules, thecommissioner may modify such requirements, consistentwith the interests of fire safety, upon a determination thatsuch modification will promote public safety by encourag-ing the installation of such systems.

901.4.3 Additional fire protection systems. Where thematerial or operation to be conducted in a particular occu-pancy gives rise to special hazards in addition to the normalhazards of the occupancy, or where the commissioner deter-

mines that access to the occupancy would unduly delay theability of firefighting personnel to respond to the hazard, thecommissioner may require additional safeguards. Suchsafeguards include, but shall not be limited to, the follow-ing: automatic fire detection systems, fire alarm systems,fire extinguishing systems, standpipe systems, or portableor fixed extinguishers. Fire protection equipment shall beinstalled in accordance with the construction codes, includ-ing the Building Code.

901.4.4 Prohibition of deceptive equipment. It shall beunlawful to install or maintain any device that has the physi-cal appearance of fire protection equipment but that doesnot perform the fire protection function, in any building,structure or premises where it may be confused with actualfire protection equipment.

901.4.5 Certificate of approval. The following fire protec-tion devices, equipment and systems shall be of a type forwhich a certificate of approval has been issued in accor-dance with this code, or which was approved by the Depart-ment of Buildings or the Board of Standards and Appealsprior to the effective date of this section, unless suchapproval by the Department of Buildings or the Board ofStandards and Appeals is amended or repealed by the com-missioner:

1. Pre-engineered non-water fire extinguishing systems,including systems installed in connection with com-mercial cooking systems.

2. Prefabricated hoods and grease filters installed inconnection with commercial cooking systems.

3. Fire department siamese connections, standpipe sys-tem hose outlets and pressure reducing valves.

4. Fire alarm system control panels.

901.5 Installation acceptance testing. Fire detection andalarm systems, fire extinguishing systems, private fire hydrantsystems, yard hydrant systems, standpipe systems, fire pumpsystems, private fire service mains and all other fire protectionsystems and appurtenances thereto shall be subject to accep-tance tests as set forth in the installation standards specified inthis code. Where required by the construction codes, includingthe Building Code, this code or the rules, such tests shall beconducted, at the owner’s risk, by his or her representativebefore a representative of the department.

901.5.1 Occupancy. It shall be unlawful to occupy any por-tion of a building or structure until any required fire detec-tion system, fire alarm system, standpipe system and fireextinguishing systems have been tested and approved.

901.6 Maintenance. Fire protection systems shall be main-tained in good working order at all times. Any fire protectionsystem that is not in good working order shall be repaired orreplaced as necessary to restore such system to good working

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order, or, where authorized by the Building Code, removedfrom the premises.

901.6.1 Standards. Fire protection systems shall beinspected, tested, serviced and otherwise maintained inaccordance with this section, the rules and the referencedstandards listed in Table 901.6.1. Where required by thissection, such inspection, testing and maintenance shalladditionally comply with the rules. Where applicable, therequirements of the reference standards listed in Table901.6.1 shall be in addition to those requirements specifiedin the rules.

TABLE 901.6.1FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM MAINTENANCE STANDARDS

SYSTEM STANDARD

Portable fire extinguishers NFPA 10

Low, medium and high expansion foamsystems NFPA 11 and NFPA 25

Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing system NFPA 12

Halon 1301 fire extinguishing systems NFPA 12A

Foam water sprinkler and spray systems NFPA 16 and NFPA 25

Dry chemical fire extinguishing systems NFPA 17

Wet chemical fire extinguishing systems NFPA 17A

Water based fire protection systems NFPA 25

Fire alarm systems NFPA 72

Water mist fire extinguishing systems NFPA 750

Clean agent fire extinguishing systems NFPA 2001

901.6.2 Records. Records of all system inspections, tests,servicing and other maintenance required by this code, therules or the referenced standards shall be maintained on thepremises for a minimum of 3 years and made available forinspection by any department representative.

901.6.2.1 Standpipe and sprinkler systems. In addi-tion to those records required by NFPA 25, an approvedcard bearing the dates of each inspection, certificate offitness number and signature of the certificate of fitnessholder shall be posted on the premises near the mainwater supply control valve. A detailed inspection reportrelative to conditions of water supply, gravity and pres-sure tanks and levels therein, valves, risers, piping, sprin-kler heads, hose valves, hose and nozzles, siameseconnections, alarms, fire pumps, obstructions, and con-ditions of all other system equipment and appurtenancesshall be completed monthly by the certificate of fitnessholder. All defects or violations shall be noted on theinspection report.

901.6.3 Supervision. Inspection, testing, servicing andother maintenance of the following fire protection systemsshall be performed under the personal supervision of a per-son holding a certificate of fitness.

1. Sprinkler systems.

Exception: Buildings classified in Group R-3occupancies.

2. Standpipe systems.

3. Foam fire extinguishing systems.

4. Fire alarm systems.

5. Private fire hydrant systems.

6. Yard hydrant systems.

901.6.3.1 Servicing of portable fire extinguishers. Itshall be unlawful for any person engaged in the businessof servicing portable fire extinguishers to service porta-ble fire extinguishers without a portable fire extinguisherservicing company certificate. Any person that servicesportable fire extinguishers shall hold a certificate of fit-ness, except that a person training for such certificate offitness may service portable fire extinguishers under thepersonal supervision of a certificate of fitness holder.Nothing in this section shall preclude portable fireextinguishers that are maintained on a premises for use atsuch premises from being serviced by the owner or occu-pant of the premises, or an employee of such owner oroccupant, who possesses a certificate of fitness for porta-ble fire extinguisher servicing and the tools, materials,equipment and facility necessary to perform such ser-vices.

901.6.3.2 Portable fire extinguisher sales. It shall beunlawful for any person to engage in the business of sell-ing portable fire extinguishers door to door to owners ofbuildings or businesses for use on their premises withouta portable fire extinguisher sales company certificate.

Exception: Sale to owners of Group R-2 and R-3occupancy buildings.

901.6.3.3 Commercial cooking exhaust systems. Itshall be unlawful for any person engaged in the businessof inspecting and cleaning commercial cooking exhaustsystems as required by the provisions of this code to per-form such service without a commercial cooking exhaustsystem servicing company certificate. The inspectionand cleaning of commercial cooking exhaust systemsrequired by Section 904.11 shall be performed by a per-son holding a certificate of fitness. Nothing in this sec-tion shall preclude commercial cooking exhaust systemsfrom being inspected and cleaned by the owner or occu-pant of the premises, or an employee of such owner oroccupant, who possesses a certificate of fitness forinspecting and cleaning commercial cooking exhaustsystems and the tools, materials, and equipment neces-sary to perform such services in accordance with thissection.

901.6.3.4 Smoke detector cleaning and testing. Thecleaning and testing for smoke entry and sensitivity ofsmoke detectors installed in a defined fire alarm systemshall be performed by a person holding a certificate of fit-ness for smoke detector maintenance. Such work shall beperformed under the supervision and by employees of aperson holding a smoke detector maintenance companycertificate, except that such smoke detector cleaning andtesting may be performed by an owner or occupant of thepremises, or an employee of such owner or occupant,who possesses a certificate of fitness for smoke detector

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maintenance, and possesses the tools, instruments orother equipment necessary to perform such services inaccordance this code and the rules. All other smokedetector maintenance shall be performed by a personpossessing the requisite qualifications and experience,and any applicable license or certificate.

901.6.3.5 Central station fire alarm monitoring. Itshall be unlawful for any person to operate a central sta-tion that monitors fire alarm systems and maintain trans-mitters in protected premises without a certificate ofoperation.

901.7 Out-of-service4 systems. Where a required fire protec-tion system is out of service, the department shall be notifiedimmediately and unless otherwise directed by the commis-sioner, either the building shall be evacuated or a fire watchshall be maintained by one or more persons holding a certifi-cate of fitness for fire guard. Any other actions as the commis-sioner may direct in addition to or in lieu of such measures shallalso be undertaken, until the fire protection system has beenreturned to service. Where utilized, fire guards shall be pro-vided with at least one approved means for notification of thedepartment and their only duty shall be to perform constantpatrols of the protected premises and keep watch for fires.

901.7.1 Impairment coordinator. The building ownershall assign an impairment coordinator to comply with therequirements of this section. In the absence of a specificdesignee, the owner shall be considered the impairmentcoordinator.

901.7.2 Tag required. A tag shall be used to indicate that asystem, or portion thereof, is out of service.

901.7.3 Placement of tag. The tag shall be posted at eachfire department connection, system control valve, fire alarmcontrol unit, fire alarm annunciator and fire command cen-ter, indicating which system, or part thereof, is out of ser-vice. The commissioner shall specify where the tag is to beplaced.

901.7.4 Planned removal from service. The certificate offitness holder and the impairment coordinator shall be madeaware of and authorize the placing of systems out of service.Before authorizing such action the impairment coordinatorshall:

1. Determine the extent and expected duration of theout-of-service4 condition.

2. Inspect the areas or buildings involved and assess theincreased risks.

3. Make appropriate recommendations to the owner.

4. Notify the department and the responsible person des-ignated by the owner to issue hot work authorizationsin accordance with Chapter 26.

5. Notify the central station and insurance carrier.

6. Notify the occupants in the affected areas.

7. Place out-of-service4 tags at all required and appropri-ate locations.

8. Maintain system in service until work is ready tobegin.

901.7.5 Unplanned out of service condition. The certifi-cate of fitness holder, impairment coordinator, and/or otherperson responsible for inspecting, maintaining or supervis-ing the operation of a fire protection system who observes aserious defect such as an empty tank, break or major leak insystem water piping, inoperative or shut water supplyvalves, defective siamese connections, or complete or par-tial shut down of sprinkler and/or standpipe systems, otherthan a shutdown for scheduled inspection, testing or mainte-nance, shall immediately report such condition to the ownerof the building, and to the department. When a system failsor otherwise goes out of service, the certificate of fitnessholder or the impairment coordinator shall take the actionsset forth in Section 901.7.4, and such other actions neces-sary or appropriate to protect the occupants of the buildingand minimize property damage. When the certificate of fit-ness holder or other such person observes a minor defect orother condition not presenting a serious safety hazard, he orshe shall report the defect or condition to the owner, and ifthe defect or condition is not corrected within 30 days, shallreport it in writing to the department.

901.7.6 Restoring systems to service. When an out-of-ser-vice4 device, equipment or system is restored to normalworking order, the impairment coordinator shall:

1. Conduct necessary inspections and tests to verify thatthe affected systems are operational.

2. Reserved.

3. Notify the department.

4. Notify the owner, central station, insurance carrierand occupants in the affected areas.

5. Remove the out-of-service4 tags.

901.8 Tampering with or rendering equipment inoperable.Fire protection systems and related apparatus shall not be tam-pered with or rendered inoperable, except as set forth in Sec-tion 107.4.

SECTION FC 902DEFINITIONS

902.1 Definitions. The following terms shall, for the purposesof this chapter and as used elsewhere in this code, have themeanings shown herein.

ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE. A fire alarm sys-tem component, such as a bell, horn, speaker, light, text displayor vibration device that issues an audible, tactile, and/or visualalert.

ALARM SIGNAL. A signal indicating an emergency requir-ing immediate action, such as a signal indicative of fire.

ANNUNCIATOR. A unit containing one or more indicatorlamps, alphanumeric displays, or other equivalent means inwhich each indication provides status information about a cir-cuit, condition or location.

AUTOMATIC. As applied to fire protection devices, anydevice, equipment or system that initiates system function as aresult of a predetermined temperature rise, rate of temperature



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rise, or combustion products, without the necessity for humanintervention.

CENTRAL STATION. A facility that receives alarm signalsfrom a protected premises and retransmits or otherwise reportssuch alarm signals to the department.

CERTIFICATE OF OPERATION. A written statementissued by the commissioner approving the operation of a cen-tral station, for which such certificate is required by this code orthe rules, or the construction codes.

CLEAN AGENT. Electrically nonconducting, volatile, orgaseous fire extinguishant that does not leave a residue uponevaporation.

COMMERCIAL COOKING EXHAUST SYSTEM SER-VICING COMPANY CERTIFICATE. A certificate issuedby the commissioner to a person engaged in the business ofinspecting and cleaning commercial cooking equipmentexhaust systems, which authorizes such person to inspect andclean commercial cooking equipment exhaust systems, forwhich such certificate is required by this code or the rules.

COMMERCIAL COOKING SYSTEM. A system consist-ing of commercial cooking equipment, exhaust hood, filters,exhaust duct system, fire extinguishing system and otherrelated appurtenances designed to capture grease-laden cook-ing vapors and exhaust them safely to the outdoors.

DEFINED FIRE ALARM SYSTEM. A fire alarm system orany sub-system thereof that automatically transmits signals tothe department or a central station and that is installed in pre-mises which are required to have a fire alarm system.

EMERGENCY ALARM SYSTEM. A system to provideindication and warning of an emergency condition involving arelease of hazardous materials or other hazardous materialincident.

FIRE ALARM BOX, MANUAL. A manually operateddevice used to initiate an alarm signal.

FIRE ALARM CONTROL UNIT. A system component thatreceives inputs from automatic and manual fire alarm devicesand is capable of supplying power to detection devices andtransponder(s) of off-premises transmitter(s). The control unitis capable of providing a transfer of power to the notificationappliances and transfer of condition to relays of devices.

FIRE ALARM SIGNAL. A signal initiated by a firealarm-initiating device such as a manual fire alarm box, auto-matic fire detector, water-flow switch, or other device whoseactivation is indicative of the presence of a fire or fire signature.

FIRE ALARM SYSTEM. Any system, including any inter-connected fire alarm sub-system, of components and circuitsarranged to monitor and annunciate the status of fire alarm orsupervisory signal-initiating devices.

FIRE AREA. The aggregate floor area enclosed and boundedby fire walls, fire barriers, exterior walls, or fire-resis-tance-rated horizontal assemblies of a building.

FIRE DETECTOR, AUTOMATIC. A device designed todetect the presence of a fire signature and to initiate action.

FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM. An approved system ofdevices and equipment which detects a fire and discharges an

approved fire extinguishing agent onto or in the area of a fire.Such term includes automatic systems and, where such sys-tems are authorized by this code or the Building Code, manu-ally activated systems.

FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM. Approved devices, equip-ment and systems or combinations of systems used to detect afire, activate an alarm, extinguish or control a fire, control ormanage smoke and products of a fire or any combinationthereof, including fire extinguishing systems, fire alarm sys-tems, sprinkler systems and standpipe systems.

IMPAIRMENT COORDINATOR. The person responsiblefor ensuring that proper safety precautions are taken when afire protection system is out of service.

INITIATING DEVICE. A system component that originatestransmission of a change-of-state condition, such as in a smokedetector, manual fire alarm box, or supervisory switch.

MULTIPLE-STATION ALARM DEVICE. Two or moresingle-station alarm devices that can be interconnected suchthat actuation of one causes all integral or separate audiblealarms to operate. It also can consist of one single-station alarmdevice having connections to other detectors or to a manual firealarm box.

OUT-OF-SERVICE4 SYSTEM. A fire protection system thatis not fully functional; or whose operation is impaired or is oth-erwise not in good working order.

PORTABLE COOKING EQUIPMENT. Commercial cook-ing equipment, provided with or installed with wheels.

PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER SALES COMPANYCERTIFICATE. A certificate issued by the commissioner to aperson engaged in the business of selling portable fireextinguishers door to door to owners of buildings or businessfor use on their premises, which authorizes such person toengage in such business and supervise such sales.

PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER SERVICING COM-PANY CERTIFICATE. A certificate issued by the commis-sioner to a person engaged in the business of servicing portablefire extinguishers, which authorizes such person to engage insuch business and supervise the provision of such servicing bycertificate of fitness holders.

PRESIGNAL SYSTEM. A fire alarm system having a featurethat allows initial fire alarm signals to sound in a constantlyattended central location and for which a human action is sub-sequently required to achieve a general alarm, or a feature thatallows the control equipment to delay the general alarm bymore than one minute after the start of the alarm processing.

PROTECTED PREMISES. A building, occupancy or struc-ture located in the city that is equipped with a fire alarm systemthat transmits an alarm signal to the department or a central sta-tion that monitors such system for the purposes of reporting firealarms to the department, whether or not the installation ofsuch system on the premises is required by law.

SINGLE-STATION SMOKE ALARM. An assembly incor-porating the detector, the control equipment, and thealarm-sounding device in one unit, operated from a power sup-ply either in the unit or obtained at the point of installation.



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SMOKE ALARM. A single- or multiple-station alarmresponsive to smoke and not connected to a system.

SMOKE DETECTOR. A listed device that senses visible orinvisible particles of combustion.

SMOKE DETECTOR MAINTENANCE COMPANYCERTIFICATE. A certificate issued by the commissioner to aperson engaged in the business of performing smoke detectorcleaning and testing, which authorizes such person to engage insuch business and supervise the performance of such cleaningand testing by certificate of fitness holders.

SPRINKLER SYSTEM. A fire extinguishing system, otherthan a mist fire extinguishing system, that utilizes water as theextinguishing agent.

STANDPIPE SYSTEM. Piping installed in a building orstructure that serves to transfer water from a water supply tohose connections at one or more locations in a building orstructure used for firefighting purposes.

STANDPIPE, MULTI-ZONE. A standpipe system that isvertically subdivided as required by the construction codes,including the Building Code, into zones to limit the maximumoperating pressure in the system. Each zone will have its ownindividual automatic water supply.

SUPERVISORY SIGNAL. A signal indicating the need foraction in connection with the supervision of guard tours, fireextinguishing systems or equipment, fire alarm systems or themaintenance features of related systems.

SUPERVISORY SIGNAL-INITIATING DEVICE. An ini-tiating device, such as a valve supervisory switch, water levelindicator, or low-air pressure switch on a dry-pipe sprinklersystem, that triggers a supervisory signal.

TROUBLE SIGNAL. A signal initiated by the fire alarm sys-tem or device indicative of a fault in a monitored circuit or com-ponent.

UNNECESSARY ALARM. An alarm signal transmitted by afire alarm system which functioned as designed, but for whicha department response proved unnecessary. An example of anunnecessary alarm is an alarm triggered by smoke from a litcigarette in a non-smoking area, when the presence of suchsmoke does not implicate fire safety concerns.

UNWARRANTED ALARM. An alarm signal transmitted bya fire alarm system which failed to function as designed as aresult of improper installation, improper maintenance, mal-function, or other factor. Examples of unwarranted alarms arealarms resulting from improper smoke detector placement,improper detector setting for installed location, lack of systemmaintenance, and control panel malfunction.

SECTION FC 903SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

903.1 General. Sprinkler systems shall comply with therequirements of this section.

903.2 Where required. Sprinkler systems shall be provided inbuildings, structures, premises, or parts thereof, when requiredby the construction codes, including the Building Code, thiscode or the rules.

903.2.1 through and including 903.2.10 Reserved.

903.2.11 During construction. Sprinkler systems requiredduring construction, alteration and demolition operationsshall be provided in accordance with Chapter 33 of theBuilding Code and Section 1414.

903.2.12 Reserved.

903.2.13 Other required fire extinguishing systems. Inaddition to the requirements of Section 903.2, the provi-sions indicated in Table 903.2.13 also require the installa-tion of a fire extinguishing system for certain buildings andareas.

TABLE 903.2.13ADDITIONAL REQUIRED FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS

SECTION SUBJECT

1208.2 Dry cleaning plants

1208.3 Dry cleaning machines

1504.1 Spray finishing in Group A, E, I or R

1504.6 Spray booths and rooms

1505.1 Dip-tank rooms

1505.6.1 Dip tanks

1505.8.4 Hardening and tempering tanks

1803.10 HPM facilities

1803.10.1.1 HPM work station exhaust

1803.10.2 HPM gas cabinets

1803.10.3 HPM corridors

1803.10.4 HPM exhaust

1803.10.4.1 HPM noncombustible ducts

1803.10.4.2 HPM combustible ducts

2106.1 Class A and B furnaces

2106.2 Class C and D furnaces

Table 2306.2 Storage fire protection

2306.4 Storage

2703.8.4.1 Gas rooms

2703.8.5.3 Exhausted enclosures

2704.5 Indoor storage of hazardous materials

2705.1.8 Indoor dispensing of hazardous materials

2804.4.1 Aerosol warehouses

2904.5 Storage of more than 1,000 cubic feet of loosecombustible fibers

3306.5.2.1 Storage of smokeless propellant

3306.5.2.3 Storage of small arms ammunition and primers

3404.3.7.5.1 Flammable and combustible liquid storage rooms

3404.3.8.4 Flammable and combustible liquid storagewarehouses

(continued)



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TABLE 903.2.13—continuedADDITIONAL REQUIRED FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS

3405.3.7.3 Flammable and combustible liquid Group H-2 orH-3 areas

3704.1.2 Gas cabinets for highly toxic and toxic gas

3704.1.3 Exhausted enclosures for highly toxic and toxic gas

3704.2.2.6 Gas rooms for highly toxic and toxic gas

3704.3.3 Outdoor storage for highly toxic and toxic gas

4106.2.2 Exhausted enclosures or gas cabinets for silane gas

4204.1.1 Pyroxylin plastic storage cabinets

4204.1.3 Pyroxylin plastic storage vaults

4204.2 Pyroxylin plastic storage and manufacturing

BuildingCode

Sprinkler requirements as set forth in theconstruction codes, including the Building Code

For SI: 1 cubic foot = 0.023 m3.

903.3 Installation requirements. Except as otherwise pro-vided in this code, sprinkler systems shall be designed andinstalled in accordance with the construction codes, includingthe Building Code.

903.4 Sprinkler system monitoring and alarms. All valvescontrolling the water supply for sprinkler systems, pumps,tanks, water levels and temperatures, critical air pressures, andwater-flow switches on all sprinkler systems shall be electri-cally supervised by the fire alarm system.

Exceptions:

1. Sprinkler systems protecting Group R-3 occupancies.

2. Reserved.

3. Sprinkler systems installed in accordance with NFPA13R where a common supply main is used to supplyboth domestic water and the sprinkler system, and aseparate shutoff valve for the sprinkler system is notprovided, except where the Building Code requiressuch sprinkler system to be supervised.

4. Jockey pump control valves that are sealed or lockedin the open position.

5. Control valves to commercial kitchen hoods, paintspray booths or dip tanks that are sealed or locked inthe open position.

6. Valves controlling the fuel supply to fire pumpengines that are sealed or locked in the open position.

7. Trim valves to pressure switches in dry, preaction anddeluge sprinkler systems that are sealed or locked inthe open position.

903.5 Maintenance. Sprinkler systems shall be periodicallyinspected, tested, serviced and otherwise maintained in accor-dance with Section 901.6 and the rules. Except as otherwiseprovided in Sections 903.5.1 through 903.5.3, sprinkler sys-tems shall be inspected and otherwise maintained as follows:

1. Sprinkler systems shall be inspected at least once amonth by a person holding a certificate of fitness,employed by the owner, to ensure that all parts of the sys-

tem are in perfect working order, and that the departmentconnections, if any, are ready for immediate use by thedepartment. A detailed record of each inspection shall bekept for examination by any representative of the depart-ment.

2. There shall be one or more employees instructed in themaintenance of sprinkler systems.

3. There shall be kept available at all times in the premises asupply of at least 6 extra sprinkler heads to replacepromptly any fused or damaged sprinklers.

4. Fire department connections shall be hydrostaticallytested at least once every 5 years, in accordance withSection 912.6.

903.5.1 Sprinkler systems in converted dwellings andsingle room occupancies. In any converted dwelling or ten-ement used in whole or in part for single room occupancy,regardless of occupancy classification, in which a sprinklersystem has been installed pursuant to the requirements ofthe Multiple Dwelling Law, such sprinkler system shall beinspected and otherwise maintained as follows:

1. Sprinkler systems shall be inspected at least once amonth by a person employed by the owner, holding acertificate of fitness issued by the department, a firesuppression contractor license issued by the Depart-ment of Buildings, or, for a sprinkler system with notmore than 30 sprinkler heads, holding a masterplumber license issued by the Department of Build-ings, to ensure that all parts of the system are in per-fect working order, and that the departmentconnections, if any, are ready for immediate use bythe department. Such inspection shall include a checkof all control valves on the system, including the mainsupply control valve, making certain the valves arefully open and sealed in such open position; a check ofthe static pressure in the sprinkler system from a pres-sure gauge, if installed, located at or near the inspec-tor’s test connection, making certain the systemdesign pressure is being maintained; a check that allsprinkler heads are in place; and such other require-ments as the commissioner may prescribe. A detailedrecord of each inspection shall be kept for examina-tion by any representative of the department.

2. There shall be one or more employees instructed inthe location and status of the sprinkler system controlvalves.

3. There shall be kept available at all times in the pre-mises a supply of at least 6 extra sprinkler heads, toreplace promptly any fused or damaged sprinklers,except that a supply of at least 3 extra sprinkler headsshall be kept available for any sprinkler systeminstalled in accordance with NFPA 13R as modifiedby the Building Code.

4. Fire department connections shall be hydrostaticallytested at least once every 5 years in accordance withSection 912.6.

5. Upon order of the commissioner, but at least onceevery year, a flow test of the sprinkler system shall be



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conducted. Such test shall be conducted at theowner’s risk by his or her representative, who shall bea licensed master plumber or licensed master fire sup-pression contractor. At least one such flow test shallbe conducted before a representative of the depart-ment at least once every 5 years. A report of each test,on an approved form, shall be certified by suchlicensed master plumber or licensed master fire sup-pression contractor and shall be kept for not less than5 years and made available for inspection by any rep-resentative of the department.

6. The owner or managing agent of any building subjectto the requirements of this section shall maintain arecord of each inspection and test and a listing of alloutstanding violations issued pursuant to this section.Such records and listing shall be made available forinspection by occupants of such residential buildingsduring regular business hours.

903.5.2 Sprinkler systems in other R-2 occupancies.Except as otherwise provided in Section 903.5.1, in GroupR-2 occupancies, sprinkler system shall be inspected andotherwise maintained as follows:

1. Sprinkler systems shall be inspected at least once amonth by a person employed by the owner, holding acertificate of fitness issued by the department, a firesuppression contractor license issued by the NewYork City Department of Buildings, or, for a sprinklersystem with not more than 30 sprinkler heads, holdinga master plumber license issued by the New York CityDepartment of Buildings, to ensure that all parts of thesystem are in perfect working order, and that thedepartment connections, if any, are ready for immedi-ate use by the department. Such inspection shallinclude a check of all control valves on the system,including the main supply control valve, making cer-tain the valves are fully open and sealed in such openposition; a check of the static pressure in the sprinklersystem from a pressure gauge, if installed, located ator near the inspector’s test connection, making certainthe system design pressure is being maintained; acheck that all sprinkler heads are in place; and suchother requirements as the commissioner may pre-scribe. A detailed record of each inspection shall bekept for examination by any representative of thedepartment.

2. There shall be one or more employees instructed inthe location and status of the sprinkler system controlvalves.

3. There shall be kept available at all times in the pre-mises a supply of at least 6 extra sprinkler heads, toreplace promptly any fused or damaged sprinklers,except that a supply of at least 3 extra sprinkler headsshall be kept available for any sprinkler systeminstalled in accordance with NFPA 13R as modifiedby the Building Code.

4. Fire department connections shall be hydrostaticallytested at least once every 5 years in accordance withSection 912.6.

5. Upon order of the commissioner, but at least onceevery year, a flow test of the sprinkler system shall beconducted; provided, however, that where there is apressure gauge installed at or near the inspector’s testlocation that is checked during the required monthlyinspection described in Section 903.5.2(1) to makecertain the system design pressure is being main-tained, a flow test of the sprinkler system shall be con-ducted upon order of the commissioner, but at leastonce every 30 months. Such test shall be conducted atthe owner’s risk by his or her representative, whoshall be a licensed master plumber or licensed masterfire suppression contractor. At least one such testshall be conducted before a representative of thedepartment at least once every 5 years. A report ofeach test, on a form prepared by the department, shallbe certified by such licensed master plumber orlicensed master fire suppression contractor and shallbe kept for not less than 5 years and made availablefor inspection by any representative of the depart-ment.

6. The owner or managing agent of any building subjectto the requirements of this section shall maintain arecord of each inspection and test and a listing of alloutstanding violations issued pursuant to this section.Such records and listing shall be made available forinspection by occupants of such residential buildingsduring regular business hours.

903.5.3 Sprinkler systems in Group R-3 occupancies.Sprinkler systems in buildings classified in Group R-3occupancies shall be maintained in perfect working order.

903.6 Dry pipe sprinkler system valves. In addition to themaintenance requirements set forth in Section 903.5, any drypipe valve installed in a sprinkler system shall be trip tested atleast once every 5 years and whenever the system is altered.Such trip test shall be conducted at the owner’s risk, with thecontrol valve fully open and the quick-opening device, if pro-vided, in service, by a licensed master fire suppression contrac-tor before a representative of the department.

SECTION FC 904FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS

904.1 General. Fire extinguishing systems shall be designed,installed, operated and maintained in accordance with this sec-tion, Section 901 and the applicable referenced standards,including performing all required inspections, testing and ser-vicing.

904.1.1 Installation acceptance testing. Fire extinguish-ing systems shall be subject to acceptance tests as containedin the installation standards set forth in this code and therules. When a discharge test is not required by the installa-tion standard, the commissioner may require such test whenthere is evidence that the system will not provide the neces-sary level of protection. Such tests shall be conducted at theowner’s risk by his or her representative before a representa-tive of the department.



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904.1.2 Additional safeguards. If an area is protected by afire extinguishing system which uses an extinguishing agentthat will make the protected area hazardous by its dischargeor thermal decomposition, suitable safeguards shall be pro-vided to ensure prompt evacuation, to prevent entry intosuch atmospheres, and to provide means for prompt rescueof any trapped personnel. Such safeguards shall includeestablishment of a trained brigade, equipped with and quali-fied in the use of self-contained breathing apparatus with30-minute minimum supply, for prompt search of the pro-tected area.

Exception: Self-contained breathing apparatus shall notbe required for a clean agent fire extinguishing systeminstallation if:

1. The installation is provided with an alarm systemthat is connected to an approved central station.

2. The protected area is provided with an approvedfixed emergency forced ventilation system able toexpel the extinguishing agent. Such emergencyforced ventilation system shall have a capacity suf-ficient to effect at least 20 air changes per hour.

3. The protected area is of a size, design and/or occu-pied in such a manner that egress will not beimpeded.

4. The protected area is not normally occupied by anyindividual requiring assistance in evacuation.

904.2 Where required. Where this code or the rules requiresthe installation of a fire extinguishing system, other than asprinkler system, the commissioner shall approve the type of1

fire extinguishing system to be installed. Fire extinguishingsystems installed as an alternative to sprinkler systems other-wise required by this code or the construction codes, includingthe Building Code, shall be approved by the commissioner.Such a system may be accepted by the commissioner where thenature of the fire hazard is such that water is not effective as anextinguishing agent and the system is acceptable to the Com-missioner of Buildings. If a system using a fixed amount ofextinguishing agent is authorized to be installed in lieu of arequired sprinkler system or any other fire extinguishing sys-tem otherwise required by law, a connected reserve of chargedagent cylinders equal to the primary supply shall be provided.The commissioner may impose additional requirements on theinstallation of any fire extinguishing system to be installed inlieu of any required sprinkler system. Fire extinguishing sys-tems shall not be considered alternatives for the purposes ofexceptions or reductions permitted by other requirements ofthis code.

904.3 Installation. Fire extinguishing systems shall beinstalled in accordance with this section.

904.3.1 Electrical wiring. Electrical wiring shall be inaccordance with the Electrical Code.

904.3.2 Actuation. Fire extinguishing systems shall be pro-vided with a manual means of actuation.

904.3.3 System interlocking. Automatic equipment inter-locks with fuel shutoffs, ventilation controls, door closers,window shutters, conveyor openings, smoke and heat vents,

and other features necessary for proper operation of the fireextinguishing system shall be provided as required by thedesign and installation standard utilized for the hazard.

904.3.4 Alarms and warning signs. Where alarms arerequired to indicate the operation of fire extinguishing sys-tems, distinctive audible, visible alarms and warning signsshall be provided to warn of pending agent discharge.Where exposure to automatic-extinguishing agents poses ahazard to persons and a delay is required to ensure the evac-uation of occupants before agent discharge, a separatewarning signal shall be provided to alert occupants onceagent discharge has begun.

904.3.5 Monitoring. Where a building fire alarm system isinstalled, fire extinguishing systems shall be monitored bysuch fire alarm system.

904.4 Installation acceptance inspection and testing. Fireextinguishing systems shall be inspected and tested in accor-dance with this section prior to the installation acceptance test-ing required by Section 904.1.1.

904.4.1 Inspection. Prior to conducting final acceptancetests, the following items shall be inspected:

1. Hazard specification for consistency with design haz-ard.

2. Type, location and spacing of automatic- and manual-initiating devices.

3. Size, placement and position of nozzles or dischargeorifices.

4. Location and identification of audible and visiblealarm devices.

5. Identification of devices with proper designations.

6. Operating instructions.

904.4.2 Alarm testing. Notification appliances, connec-tions to fire alarm systems, and connections to an approvedcentral station shall be tested in accordance with this sectionand Section 907 to verify proper operation.

904.4.2.1 Audible and visible signals. The audibilityand visibility of notification appliances signaling agentdischarge or system operation, where required, shall beverified.

904.4.3 Monitor testing. Connections to central stationsshall be tested to verify proper identification and retrans-mission of alarms from fire extinguishing systems.

904.5 Wet chemical systems. Wet chemical fire extinguishingsystems shall be installed, periodically inspected, tested andotherwise maintained in accordance with Sections 901,904.1.1 and 904.4, NFPA 17A as modified by Appendix B, andtheir listing.

904.5.1 Maintenance. At least once a month, an inspectionshall be conducted by a trained and knowledgeable personto assess whether the system is in good working order. Alicensed master fire suppression piping contractor properlytrained and having knowledge of the installation, operationand maintenance of the specific fire extinguishing systemshall inspect, test, service and otherwise maintain such sys-



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tem in accordance with this section and the manufacturer’sspecifications and servicing manuals at least on a semian-nual basis. Tests shall include a check of the detection sys-tem, alarms and releasing devices, including manualstations and other associated equipment. Extinguishingagent containers shall be weighed to verify the requiredamount of agent. Stored pressure-type units shall bechecked for the required pressure. The cartridge of car-tridge-operated units shall be weighed and replaced at inter-vals specified by the manufacturer.

904.5.2 Fusible link maintenance. Fixed temperature-sensing elements shall be maintained to ensure proper oper-ation of the system.

904.5.3 Commercial cooking installations. Wet chemicalfire extinguishing systems installed to protect a commercialcooking operation shall additionally comply with therequirements of Section 904.11.

904.6 Dry chemical systems. Dry chemical fire extinguishingsystems shall be installed, periodically inspected, tested andotherwise maintained in accordance with Sections 901,904.1.1 and 904.4, NFPA 17 as modified by Appendix B, andtheir listing.

904.6.1 Maintenance. At least once a month, an inspectionshall be conducted by a trained and knowledgeable personto assess that the system is in good working order. Alicensed master fire suppression piping contractor properlytrained and having knowledge of the installation, operationand maintenance of the specific fire extinguishing systemshall inspect, test, service and otherwise maintain such sys-tem in accordance with this section and the manufacturer’sspecifications and servicing manuals at least on a semian-nual basis. Tests shall include a check of the detection sys-tem, alarms and releasing devices, including manualstations and other associated equipment. Extinguishingagent containers shall be checked to verify that the systemhas not been discharged. Stored pressure-type units shall bechecked for the required pressure. The cartridge of car-tridge-operated units shall be weighed and replaced at inter-vals specified by the manufacturer.

904.6.2 Fusible link maintenance. Fixed tempera-ture-sensing elements shall be maintained to ensure properoperation of the system.

904.7 Foam systems. Foam fire extinguishing systems shall beinstalled, periodically inspected, tested and otherwise main-tained in accordance with Sections 901, 904.1.1 and 904.4,NFPA 11 as modified by Appendix B, Section B101.1, NFPA11A as modified by Appendix B, and NFPA 16 as modified byAppendix B, and their listing.

904.7.1 Maintenance. At least once a month, an inspectionshall be conducted by a certificate of fitness holder to assesswhether the system is in good working order. A licensedmaster fire suppression piping contractor properly trainedand having knowledge of the installation, operation andmaintenance of the specific fire extinguishing system, shallinspect, test, service and otherwise maintain such system in

accordance with this section and the manufacturer’s specifi-cations and servicing manuals at least on an annual basis.

904.7.2 Commercial cooking installations. Foam fireextinguishing systems installed to protect a commercialcooking operation shall additionally comply with therequirements of Section 904.11.

904.8 Carbon dioxide systems. Carbon dioxide fire extin-guishing systems shall be installed, periodically inspected,tested and otherwise maintained in accordance with Section901, Section 904.1.1, 904.4, NFPA 12 as modified by Appen-dix B, and their listing. Total flooding carbon dioxide fire extin-guishing systems shall not be installed to protect hazardswithin normally occupied areas. Existing total flooding carbondioxide fire extinguishing systems installed to protect normallyoccupied areas prior to the effective date of this code may becontinued in service until July 1, 2013, after which they shall beremoved from service, and a replacement fire extinguishingsystem shall be installed, where required, in accordance withthe Building Code, this code or other applicable laws, rules andregulations.

904.8.1 Maintenance. At least once a month, an inspectionshall be conducted by a trained and knowledgeable personto assess whether the system is in good working order. Alicensed master fire suppression piping contractor properlytrained and having knowledge of the installation, operationand maintenance of the specific fire extinguishing systemshall inspect, test, service and otherwise maintain such sys-tem in accordance with this section and the manufacturer’sspecifications and servicing manuals at least on a semian-nual basis.

904.8.2 High-pressure cylinders. High-pressure cylindersshall be weighed and the date of the last hydrostatic test shallbe verified at 6-month intervals. Where a container shows aloss in original content of more than 10 percent, the cylindershall be refilled or replaced.

904.8.3 Low-pressure containers. The liquid-level gaugesof low-pressure containers shall be observed at one-weekintervals. Where a container shows a content loss of morethan 10 percent, the container shall be refilled to maintainthe minimum gas requirements.

904.8.4 System hoses. System hoses shall be examined at12-month intervals for damage. Damaged hoses shall bereplaced or tested. At five-year intervals, all hoses shall betested.

904.8.4.1 Test procedure. Hoses shall be tested at notless than 2,500 pounds per square inch (psi) (17 238 kPa)for high-pressure systems and at not less than 900 psi(6206 kPa) for low-pressure systems.

904.8.5 Auxiliary equipment. Auxiliary and supplemen-tary components, such as switches, door and windowreleases, interconnected valves, damper releases and sup-plementary alarms, shall be manually operated at 12-monthintervals to ensure that such components are in proper oper-ating condition.



904.8.6 Safety precautions. All areas whose atmosphereswill be made hazardous by the discharge of carbon dioxideshall be provided with:

1. Exit and exit routes that are kept clear at all times.

2. Lighting and exit directional signs in accordance withthe construction codes, including the Building Code.

3. Only outward swinging, self-closing doors at exits,and panic hardware on any such doors that aresecured with a locking or latching device.

4. A fixed emergency forced ventilation system able toclear the area. Such emergency forced ventilationshall have sufficient capacity to accomplish at least 6air changes per hour.

5. Such other safety equipment as may be prescribed bythe commissioner.

904.8.7 Detection, activation, alarm and control. Detec-tion, pre-discharge alarms and discharge alarms shall beprovided within and outside the protected area and suchother areas that are made hazardous by a carbon dioxide dis-charge. Such alarms shall be audible and visible.

904.8.7.1 Automatic operation. The carbon dioxide fireextinguishing system shall be activated by an automaticcross-zoned detection system in which activation of adetection device in one zone shall sound a local alarmand transmit an alarm to an approved central station, andactivation of a detection device in the cross zone shall ini-tiate the predischarge warning signal and after a timedelay, initiate the discharge of carbon dioxide. Thepredischarge warning signal time delay shall be of suffi-cient duration to allow for evacuation from the protectedarea. Distinct alarms shall indicate the activation of adetector in one zone, the activation of a detector in a crosszone (predischarge alarm) and the discharge of carbondioxide. Such alarms shall be continued until the atmo-sphere has been returned to normal except that the alarmfor the detector in one zone may be discontinued whenthe alarm for the cross-zone detector is activated.

Exceptions:

1. A carbon dioxide fire extinguishing systemactivated solely by manual means may beinstalled only if approved. Such a system maybe approved upon a showing satisfactory to thecommissioner of the need for such a system.

2. A detection system that is not cross-zoned maybe approved upon a showing satisfactory to thecommissioner of the need for such a detectionand activation system.

904.8.7.2 Manual operation. A manual pull stationshall be provided which, upon activation, transmits analarm to an approved central station, overrides any delayother than the predischarge delay, and causes the carbondioxide to discharge. Activation of a carbon dioxide fireextinguishing system by means of a manual pull stationshall result in a complete predischarge delay sequenceprior to system discharge.

904.8.7.3 Abort systems. Abort systems may beinstalled, but shall be limited to systems activated bysmoke detectors. Abort controls shall be located in theprotected area near the means of egress for the area, andshall be designed to cause the discharge of carbon diox-ide after a time delay unless the abort control is reacti-vated for another cycle of delay. Abort controls shall notinterfere with transmission of local alarms or central sta-tion alarms.

904.8.7.4 Power supply. Power supply to the alarm sys-tem shall be in accordance with applicable requirementsof the construction codes, including the Building Codeand the Electrical Code.

904.8.8 Pressure relief venting. The protected area enclo-sure shall be provided with suitable pressure relief ventingwhich vents outdoors.

Exception: Such venting shall not be required when aregistered design professional certifies that the walls,ceilings and floors comprising the protected space havesufficient porosity and leakage to prevent damage to theintegrity of such space upon discharge of the extinguish-ing agent, and that the inert gas agent leakage into othernon-flooded rooms and spaces will not reach dangerousconcentrations.

904.8.9 Commercial cooking installations. Carbon diox-ide fire extinguishing systems installed to protect commer-cial cooking operations shall additionally comply with therequirements of Section 904.11.

904.9 Halon systems. Halon fire extinguishing systems shallbe installed, periodically inspected, tested and otherwise main-tained in accordance with Section 901, Section 904.1.1, Sec-tion 904.4, NFPA 12A and their listing.

904.9.1 Maintenance. At least once a month, an inspectionshall be conducted by a trained and knowledgeable personto assess whether the system is in good working order. Alicensed master fire suppression piping contractor properlytrained and having knowledge of the installation, operationand maintenance of the specific fire extinguishing systemshall inspect, test, service and otherwise maintain such sys-tem in accordance with this section and the manufacturer’sspecifications and servicing manuals at least on a semian-nual basis.

904.9.2 Containers. The extinguishing agent quantity andpressure of containers shall be checked at least on a semian-nual basis. Where a container shows a loss in originalweight of more than 5 percent or a loss in original pressure(adjusted for temperature) of more than 10 percent, the con-tainer shall be refilled or replaced. The weight and pressureof the container shall be recorded on a tag attached to thecontainer.

904.9.3 System hoses. System hoses shall be examined at12-month intervals for damage. Damaged hoses shall bereplaced or tested. At 5-year intervals, all hoses shall betested.

904.9.3.1 Test procedure. For Halon 1301 systems,hoses shall be tested at not less than 1,500 psi (10 343kPa) for 600 psi (4137 kPa) charging pressure systems



and not less than 900 psi (6206 kPa) for 360 psi (2482kPa) charging pressure systems. For Halon 1211hand-hose line systems, hoses shall be tested at 2,500 psi(17 238 kPa) for high-pressure systems and 900 psi(6206 kPa) for low-pressure systems.

904.9.4 Auxiliary equipment. Auxiliary and supplemen-tary components, such as switches, door and windowreleases, interconnected valves, damper releases and sup-plementary alarms, shall be manually operated at 12-monthintervals to ensure such components are in proper operatingcondition.

904.10 Clean agent systems. Clean agent fire extinguishingsystems shall be installed, periodically inspected, tested andotherwise maintained in accordance with Section 901, Section904.1.1, Section 904.4, NFPA 2001 as modified by AppendixB, and their listing. The use of a clean agent fire extinguishingsystem shall be limited to automatic total flooding systems.

904.10.1 Maintenance. At least once a month, an inspec-tion shall be conducted by a trained and knowledgeable per-son to assess whether the system is in good working order. Alicensed master fire suppression piping contractor properlytrained and having knowledge of the installation, operation,and maintenance of the specific fire extinguishing systemshall inspect, test, service and otherwise maintain such sys-tem in accordance with this section and the manufacturer’sspecifications and servicing manuals at least on a semian-nual basis.

904.10.2 Containers. The extinguishing agent quantity andpressure of the containers shall be checked at 6-month inter-vals. Where a container shows a loss in original weight ofmore than 5 percent or a loss in original pressure, adjustedfor temperature, of more than 10 percent, the container shallbe refilled or replaced. The weight and pressure of the con-tainer shall be recorded on a tag attached to the container.

904.10.3 System hoses. System hoses shall be examined at12-month intervals for damage. Damaged hoses shall bereplaced or tested. All hoses shall be tested at 5-year inter-vals.

904.10.4 System alarm and activation. Audible and visi-ble alarms shall be installed both inside and outside the pro-tected area to signal the activation of an automatic detectiondevice and the operation of the fire extinguishing system.Such signals shall continue until the atmosphere has beenreturned to normal. Activation of a single automatic detec-tion device shall sound a local alarm and transmit an alarmto an approved central station. Unless the alarm is cancelledby an abort system as set forth in Section 904.10.5, activa-tion of a second automatic detection device shall, within 30seconds, initiate the discharge of clean agent. Power supplyto the alarm system shall be in accordance with the con-struction codes, including the Building Code, the ElectricalCode and NFPA 2001.

904.10.4.1 Warning and instruction signs. Warningand instruction signs shall be posted at entrances to andwithin the protected area subject to flooding.

904.10.5 Abort systems. Abort systems may be installedonly on systems activated by smoke detectors. Abort con-

trols shall be manually operated, shall be located in the pro-tected area, and shall cause the dumping of the clean agentafter a 2-minute delay unless the abort control is reactivatedfor another cycle of delay. A manual pull station shall beprovided which, upon activation, shall transmit an alarm toan approved central station, override the delay and cause theclean agent to dump immediately. Abort controls shall notinterfere with transmission of local alarms or central stationalarms.

904.10.6 Means of egress. Where the protected area is nor-mally occupied, provision shall be made for adequate clearroutes of exit with doors opening in direction of travel.Emergency lighting shall be provided for such exits. Exitdirectional signs shall clearly indicate the path of egress.

904.10.7 Fixed emergency forced ventilation. When theprotected area is normally occupied, a fixed emergencyforced ventilation system sufficient to accomplish at leastsix air changes per hour of the flooded protected area shallbe provided unless all of the following apply:

1. The clean agent fire extinguishing system is used toextinguish a Class A fire.

2. The design concentration does not exceed the “noobservable adverse effect level” for halocarbonagents, or “no effect level” for inert gas agents asdefined in NFPA 2001.

3. If other than inert gas agents are used, the quantity ofthe thermal decomposition products formed fromsuch agents is below the dangerous toxic load (DTL)for humans as described in Meldrum’s “Toxicologyof Substances in Relation to Major Hazards: Hydro-gen Fluoride” (HMSO, London, 1993). Uponrequest, documentation of hazard assessment of ther-mal decomposition products formed from suchagents shall be filed with the department.

904.10.8 Pressure relief venting. Clean agent fire extin-guishing systems using inert gas agents shall be providedwith suitable pressure relief venting for the flooded pro-tected area that discharges outdoors.

Exception: Such venting shall not be required when aregistered design professional certifies that the walls,ceilings and floors comprising the protected space havesufficient porosity and leakage to prevent damage to theintegrity of such space upon discharge of the extinguish-ing agent, and that the inert gas agent leakage into othernon-flooded rooms and spaces will not reach dangerousconcentrations.

904.11 Commercial cooking systems. Commercial cookingsystems shall be designed and installed in accordance with theconstruction codes, including the Building Code, and shallcomply with the requirements of Section 901, Section 904.1.1,Section 904.4 and this section. The fire extinguishing systemfor commercial cooking systems shall be of an approved typerecognized for protection of commercial cooking equipmentand exhaust systems of the type and arrangement protected.Preengineered wet chemical fire extinguishing systems shallbe tested in accordance with UL 300 and listed and labeled forthe intended application. Dry chemical fire extinguishing sys-



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tems shall not be installed to protect commercial cookingequipment and exhaust systems. Other types of fire extinguish-ing systems shall be listed and labeled for specific use as pro-tection for commercial cooking operations. The system shallbe installed in accordance with this code, its listing and themanufacturer’s installation instructions. Fire extinguishingsystems of the following types shall be installed in accordancewith the referenced standard indicated, as follows:

1. Carbon dioxide fire extinguishing systems, NFPA 12.

2. Foam-water sprinkler system or foam-water spray sys-tems, NFPA 16.

3. Wet chemical fire extinguishing systems, NFPA 17A.

904.11.1 Manual system operation. A manual activationdevice shall be located at or near a means of egress from thecooking area, a minimum of 10 feet (3048 mm) and a maxi-mum of 20 feet (6096 mm) from the kitchen exhaust system.The manual activation device shall be located a minimum of42 inches (1067 mm) and a maximum of 48 inches (1219mm) above the floor at its center. The manual activationshall require a maximum force of 40 pounds (178 N) and amaximum movement of 14 inches (356 mm) to activate thefire extinguishing system.

Exception: Sprinkler systems shall not be required to beequipped with a manual activation device.

904.11.2 System interconnection. The activation of thefire extinguishing system shall automatically shut down thefuel and electrical power supply to the cooking equipment.The fuel and electrical supply reset shall be manual.

904.11.3 Reserved.

904.11.4 Acceptance testing. Upon completion of theinstallation of a commercial cooking system, such systemshall be tested at the owner’s risk, by his or her representa-tive, to confirm proper installation and operation of the sys-tem in compliance with the requirements of the constructioncodes, including the Mechanical Code, and this code. Theowner’s representative shall furnish the necessary equip-ment required to conduct the test. No permit shall be issuedfor the operation of a commercial cooking system until sat-isfactory performance of the fire extinguishing system isdemonstrated, including compliance with the followingrequirements:

1. A performance test of the exhaust system conductedbefore a representative of the department, in accor-dance with Section 507.16 of the Mechanical Code.The test shall verify that the exhaust airflow rate andmakeup airflow meet the standards set forth in theconstruction codes, including the Mechanical Code,and verify proper operation as specified in this chap-ter.

2. A performance test of the fire extinguishing systemconducted before a representative of the department,in accordance with the applicable installation stan-dard set forth in this chapter and its listing.

3. Chimneys serving masonry ovens shall be provedtight by a smoke test. A report of such test shall be pre-pared by the installer and made available for inspec-

tion by a representative of the department at the timethe performance tests of the exhaust system and fireextinguishing system are witnessed by such depart-ment representative.

904.11.5 Commercial cooking equipment. Commercialcooking equipment shall be attended at all times while inoperation and shall comply with the requirements of Sec-tions 904.11.5.1 through 904.11.5.5.

904.11.5.1 Unlawful operation. It shall be unlawful tooperate commercial cooking equipment that generatessmoke or grease-laden vapors or fumes under any of thefollowing conditions:

1. Without a permit for the operation of a commercialcooking system.

2. Without a lawfully installed fire extinguishingsystem.

3. Without a lawfully installed exhaust system.

4. While its fire extinguishing system or exhaust sys-tem is out of service.

904.11.5.2 Portable fire extinguishers. Portable fireextinguishers shall be provided within a 30-foot (9144mm) travel distance of commercial cooking equipment.Cooking equipment involving vegetable or animal oilsand fats shall be protected by a Class K rated portable fireextinguisher.

904.11.5.3 Deep fat fryers. Deep fat fryers shall be sep-arated from any adjacent cooking equipment that uses anopen flame by at least 16 inches (406.4 mm). In lieu ofsuch separation distance, a 16-inch (406.4 mm) high by1/8-inch (3.2 mm) thick steel baffle permanently attachedto the longer of the two cooking appliances may be used.The baffle shall extend to the full depth of the cookingequipment it is attached.

904.11.5.3.1 Deep-fat fryer high-limit controls.Deep-fat fryers shall be equipped with an independ-ent high-limit control in addition to the adjustableoperating control (thermostat). Such high-limit con-trol shall be designed and arranged to shut off the fuelsupply, including electrical energy, when the fat tem-perature reaches not more than 475°F (246°C), 1 inch(25.4 mm) below the liquid surface. All high-limitcontrols shall be replaced every 3 years with a new orrebuilt unit certified to operate at not more than 475°F(246°C). A record of such replacement shall be main-tained at the premises and made available for inspec-tion by any representative of the department uponrequest.

904.11.5.4 Portable cooking equipment. The properpositioning of portable cooking equipment (equipmenton wheels) shall be outlined on the floor in a durable1-inch (25.4 mm) wide yellow line or other approvedmeans.

904.11.5.5 Staff training. The owner or operator ofcommercial cooking equipment shall train all staff in theproper procedures for the use of all components of thegrease removal system, cleaning of filters, and the man-



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ual operation of the fire extinguishing system. At leastonce every 6 months the owner or operator of the pre-mises shall review the instructions for manual operationof the fire extinguishing system with all staff.

904.11.6 Operation and maintenance. Commercial cook-ing systems shall be operated and maintained in accordancewith this section.

904.11.6.1 Ventilation system. The ventilation systemin connection with hoods shall be operated at therequired rate of air movement, and approved grease fil-ters shall be in place when equipment under a kitchengrease hood is used. Exhaust systems shall be operated atall times while cooking equipment is being used. Fixedair supply openings installed to provide make-up air forair exhausted through the exhaust system shall not berestricted by covers, dampers, or any other means thatwould reduce the operating efficiency of the exhaust sys-tem. Commercial cooking hoods shall not be painted.

904.11.6.2 Grease extractors. Where grease extractorsare installed, they shall be operated when the commercialcooking equipment is used.

904.11.6.3 Exhaust system inspection and cleaning.The entire exhaust system, including but not limited tohoods, filters, grease removal devices, ducts, fans, pollu-tion control devices, and other appurtenances, shall beinspected and cleaned at least once every three monthsunder the personal supervision of a person holding a cer-tificate of fitness. Surfaces shall be cleaned to bare metaland no powder or other foreign substance shall remain inthe exhaust system after cleaning. Flammable cleaningfluids shall not be used. If saponifying agents are used,residues shall be removed. Cleaning fluids shall not beapplied on fusible links or other detection devices of thefire extinguishing system. Electrical switches that maybe accidentally activated during the cleaning processshall be electrically locked out during such process.

Exception: Vertical portions of interior and exteriorvertical ducts in excess of three stories in height shallbe cleaned at least every six months by a person hold-ing a certificate of fitness. Horizontal portions of suchducts, including all elbows, shall be inspected andcleaned in accordance with Section 904.11.6.3.

904.11.6.3.1 Filters. Filters shall be cleaned orreplaced as frequently as necessary, but at least onceper month, by a properly trained employee of theowner or by a person holding a certificate of fitness.No exhaust system shall be operated without filtersinstalled while cooking equipment is being used.

904.11.6.3.2 Spark arrestors. Any spark arrestorprovided in conjunction with a solid fuel cookingoperation shall be inspected monthly and shall becleaned as required to maintain free of debris andunobstructed.

904.11.6.3.3 System deactivation. Unless necessaryto accomplish cleaning, components of the fire extin-guishing system shall not be rendered inoperable dur-ing the cleaning process. If electrical switches,

detection devices, or other components of the fireextinguishing system must be deactivated during thecleaning process, such deactivation shall be per-formed by a licensed master fire suppression pipingcontractor. Immediately upon completion of thecleaning process the licensed master fire suppressionpiping contractor shall restore the system to properoperation.

904.11.6.4 Maintenance. At least once a month, aninspection shall be conducted by a trained and knowl-edgeable person to assess that the system is in goodworking order. A licensed master fire suppression pipingcontractor properly trained and having knowledge of theinstallation, operation and maintenance of the specificfire extinguishing system shall inspect, test, service andotherwise maintain such system in accordance with thissection and the manufacturer’s specifications and servic-ing manuals at least on a semiannual basis. At a mini-mum, the semiannual inspection, testing and servicingshall include:

1. Verification that the hazard has not changed.

2. Verification that the fire extinguishing system hasnot been altered.

3. Examination of all detectors, agent and gas con-tainers, releasing devices, piping, hose assemblies,nozzles, and all auxiliary equipment.

4. Verification that the agent distribution piping isnot obstructed.

5. Verification that the extinguishing agent containerand/or auxiliary pressure containers have been, asapplicable, inspected, retested3 and marked in con-formance with the requirements of the UnitedStates Department of Transportation.

6. A test of the system’s automatic and manualreleasing devices, including any associated equip-ment.

7. A test of the gas and electric power source shutoffdevices.

8. Preparation and submission to the owner of a writ-ten report of any system defects.

9. Upon satisfactory completion of the semiannualinspection and correction of all defects, providingthe owner with an inspection, testing and servicecompliance tag. Such tag shall indicate the dateissued, the name and license number of thelicensed master fire suppression piping contractorissuing the tag, and that the system was found to bein compliance with the requirements of this sec-tion.

904.11.6.5 Fusible link and sprinkler head replace-ment. Fusible links and foam water sprinkler heads shallbe replaced at least annually, and other protectiondevices shall be serviced or replaced in accordance withthe manufacturer’s instructions.

Exception: Frangible bulbs are not required to bereplaced annually.



904.11.6.6 Recordkeeping. Records shall be main-tained as set forth in Section 901 and as follows:

1. A record of the inspection and cleaning of theexhaust system required by Section 904.11.6.3shall be maintained at the premises and madeavailable for inspection by any representative ofthe department upon request. Such record shallindicate the date that such inspection and cleaningwas conducted, and the name and certificate of fit-ness number of the individual supervising suchinspection and cleaning.

2. A record indicating the name of the person or firmdoing the servicing and the dates when filters werecleaned or replaced shall be maintained at the pre-mises and made available for inspection by anyrepresentative of the department upon request.

3. Upon satisfactory completion of the semiannualinspection as required by Section 904.11.6.4 andthe correction of all system defects, the licensedmaster fire suppression piping contractor shallissue an inspection, testing and service compliancetag. Such tag shall be posted in a conspicuous loca-tion on the premises. A new compliance tag shallbe posted for each required semiannual inspection.

4. A record of the periodic inspection of all portablefire extinguishers shall be maintained as requiredin Section 906.

5. A record of the replacement of deep fat fryerhigh-limit controls shall be maintained in accor-dance with Section 904.11.5.3.1.

904.11.6.7 Postings. Postings required by this sectionshall be clearly and concisely written, at least 81/2 inches(215.9 mm) by 11 inches (279.4 mm) in size, and postedunder glass or laminated. The following informationshall be posted:

1. A complete set of cleaning and operating instruc-tions covering all components of the cookingequipment and exhaust system and a schematicdrawing or sketch showing the origin, run, and ter-minus of the exhaust system. Such posting shall beat the main entrance or other approved entrance tothe cooking area.

2. Instructions for manual operation of the fire extin-guishing system with a statement that the fireextinguishing system shall be manually activatedprior to using a portable fire extinguisher. Suchposting shall be near the portable fire extinguisher.

904.11.7 Solid fuel cooking operations. Unless otherwiseapproved by the Commissioner of Buildings, the burning ofsolid fuel in commercial cooking equipment, such as bri-quettes, mesquite, hardwood, or charcoal, shall be permit-ted only for purposes of flavor enhancement. Solid fuel shallbe ignited with a match or other approved means. Combusti-ble or flammable liquids shall not be used. Matches shall notbe stored in the immediate vicinity of cooking equipment.Solid fuel shall be added to the fire only as required, and1

shall be done in a safe manner and in quantities that will not

create a flame higher than required. Long-handled4 tongs,hooks and other required devices shall be provided and usedin order to safely add fuel, adjust the fuel, position and con-trol the fire, without having to reach into the fire box. Theroom where solid fuel is used or stored shall be protectedthroughout by a sprinkler system.

904.11.7.1 Solid fuel storage. Solid fuel shall be storedin a dedicated room with walls, floor and ceiling having aminimum fire rating of one hour. The storage room floorshal l be noncombust ible 3 or covered withnoncombustible3 material. Not more than a one-day sup-ply may be kept in the same room as the solid fuel cook-ing appliance or masonry oven or in the room with thefuel loading or clean-out doors.

Solid fuel shall not be stored:

1. Within 3 feet (911.4 mm) of any portion of a solidfuel burning appliance, masonry oven or any otherheating or cooking appliance.

2. Within 6 feet (1828.8 mm) of any solid fuel load-ing opening or door of the solid fuel cooking appli-ance or masonry oven.

3. Above any heating or cooking appliance, flue orvent.

904.11.7.2 Solid fuel cooking equipment. Cookingequipment burning solid fuel shall be installed on floorsof noncombustible construction that extend 3 feet (911.4mm) from the cooking equipment in all directions. Com-bustible surfaces or construction shall not be permittedwithin 3 feet (911.4 mm) of the sides or 6 feet (1828.8mm) above any such cooking equipment.

904.11.7.3 Water supply. A water supply with a flexiblehose shall be provided near solid fuel cooking appliancesand masonry ovens to cool down any fire that becomestoo hot and to completely extinguish any fire before leav-ing the premises. The water source shall be a fixed pipesystem with a hose of adequate length to reach to thecombustion and cooking chambers of the appliance. Thenozzle shall be fitted with a manual shut-off device, andshall be of the type to provide a fine to medium spray. Afull flow or strong stream shall not be used.

904.11.7.4 Spent fuel. Spent fuel, ash, cinders and otherfire debris shall be removed from the fire box at regularintervals, but at least once a day, and, once removed, shallnot be stored indoors. Adequate long handle rakes, hoes,scrapers and shovels shall be provided for such removal.When being removed from the fire box, the spent fuelshall be sprinkled adequately with water from therequired water supply to cool it and to control the dust.Dedicated metal containers (minimum 16 gauge) withcovers shall be provided for such removal. Each con-tainer of spent fuel, ash, cinder and other debris soremoved shall not exceed 20 gallons (75.7 L) capacity,shall be sized to easily pass through any passageway tothe outside and shall be capable of being handled easilyby any employee assigned this task. The spent fuel shallbe placed outside in heavy metal containers or a dump-ster used exclusively for this purpose and shall be sepa-



rated from all combustible construction and combustiblematerials. The containers shall be covered at all times.

904.12 Water-mist systems. Water-mist extinguishing sys-tems shall be installed, periodically inspected, tested and main-tained in accordance with Section 901, Section 904.4, NFPA750 as modified by Appendix B, and their listing. All devicesand appurtenances shall be listed and installed in conformanceto the terms of the listing.

904.12.1 Maintenance. At least once a month, an inspec-tion shall be conducted by a trained and knowledgeable per-son to assess whether the system is in good working order. Alicensed master fire suppression piping contractor properlytrained and having knowledge of the installation, operationand maintenance of the specific fire extinguishing systemshall inspect, test, service and otherwise maintain such sys-tem in accordance with this section and the manufacturer’sspecifications and servicing manuals at least on an annualbasis.

SECTION FC 905STANDPIPE SYSTEMS

905.1 General. Standpipe systems shall be provided whererequired by the construction codes, including the BuildingCode, this code or the rules. Fire hose threads used in connec-tion with standpipe systems shall be approved by the commis-sioner. The location of fire department hose connections shallbe approved by the commissioner. Standpipe systems in build-ings used for high-piled combustible storage shall be in accor-dance with Chapter 23.

905.1.1 Standpipe system operator. In buildings with amulti-zone standpipe system, such system shall be continu-ously under the personal supervision of a person holding acertificate of fitness, who shall be immediately available toassist the department in the operation of such system.

905.2 Installation standards. Standpipe systems shall beinstalled in accordance with the construction codes, includingthe Building Code.

905.3 through and including 905.6 Reserved.

905.7 Cabinets. Cabinets containing firefighting equipment,such as standpipes, fire hose, portable fire extinguishers andwater supply control valves, shall not be obstructed from use orobscured from view.

905.8 Reserved.

905.9 Valve supervision. Valves controlling water suppliesshall be supervised in the open position so that a change in thenormal position of the valve will generate a supervisory signalat the central station required by Section 903.4. Where a firealarm system is provided, a signal shall also be transmitted tothe fire alarm system control panel.

Exceptions:

1. Valves to underground key or hub valves in roadwayboxes provided by the municipality or public utilitydo not require supervision.

2. Valves locked in the normal position and inspected asprovided in this code in buildings not equipped with afire alarm system.

905.10 During construction. Standpipe systems required dur-ing construction, alteration and demolition operations shall beprovided in accordance with Chapter 33 of the Building Codeand Section 1413.

905.11 Reserved.

905.12 Maintenance. Standpipe systems shall be maintained,including all required inspection, testing and servicing, inaccordance with this section, Section 901.6 and NFPA 25.

905.12.1 Standpipe hydrostatic pressure and flow tests.Upon order of the commissioner, but at least once every 5years, the standpipe system shall be subjected to a hydro-static pressure test and a flow test to demonstrate its suitabil-ity for department use. These tests shall be conducted incompliance with the requirements of the rules and shall beconducted at the owner’s risk, by his or her representativebefore a representative of the department.

905.12.2 Pressure-reducing4 valves. Upon order of thecommissioner, but at least once every 3 years, standpipe sys-tems with pressure-reducing4 valves installed shall be flowtested to demonstrate proper adjustment of such valves.

SECTION FC 906PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

906.1 Where required. Portable fire extinguishers shall beinstalled in the following locations:

1. In all Group A, B, E, F, H, I, M, R-1, R-2 adult homes andenriched housing, and S occupancies:

2. Within 30 feet (9144 mm) of commercial cooking equip-ment.

3. In areas where flammable or combustible liquids aremanufactured, stored, handled and used, including dis-pensing, in quantities requiring a permit pursuant to Sec-tion 105.6.

4. On each floor of structures under construction, alterationor demolition, except detached Group R-3 occupancies,in accordance with Section 1415.1.

5. Where required by the sections indicated in Table 906.1.

6. Special-hazard areas, including but not limited to labora-tories, computer rooms and generator rooms, whererequired by the commissioner.

7. Where required by other provisions of this code or therules.

906.2 General requirements. Portable fire extinguishers shallbe selected, installed and maintained in accordance with thissection and NFPA 10.

Exception: The travel distance to reach a portable fireextinguisher shall not apply to the spectator seating portionsof Group A-5 occupancies.



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TABLE 906.1ADDITIONAL REQUIRED PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

SECTION SUBJECT

303.5 Tar kettles

304.4.3 Outdoor storage of combustible waste

307.4 Open fires

307.5 Barbecues on residential properties

308.6.5 Flaming food and beverages in Group A occupancies

309.4 Powered industrial trucks

315.3.4 Outdoor storage of combustible material

1105.2 Aircraft towing vehicles

1105.3 Aircraft welding apparatus

1105.4 Aircraft-fueling vehicles

1105.5 Aircraft hydrant-fueling vehicles

1105.6 Aircraft fuel-dispensing stations

1107.7 Heliports and helistops

1110.6.2 Helicopter lift operations

1208.4 Dry cleaning plants

1415.1 Buildings, structures, premises and facilities under construction, alteration or demolition

1417.3 Roofing operations

1418.1 Ammunition at a construction site

1504.6.4 Spray-finishing operations

1505.5 Dip-tank operations

1507.10 Powder coating operations

1908.8 Storage of wood chips and other wood waste materials

1909.5 Exterior lumber storage

2003.5 Organic-coating areas

2106.3 Industrial furnaces

2205.5 Automotive liquid motor fuel-dispensing facilities

2208.7.4.1 CNG motor fuel-dispensing facilities

2210.6.4 Marine liquid motor fuel-dispensing facilities

2211.6 Repair garages

2306.10 Rack storage

2404.12 Tents and other membrane structures

2508.2 Tire rebuilding/storage

2604.2.6 Welding and other hot work

2707.9.3 Transportation of flammable and combustible liquids in cargo tanks

2903.6 and 2906.6.4 Combustible fibers

3309.9.1 Special effects

3403.2.1 Flammable and combustible liquids, general

3404.3.3.1 Indoor storage of flammable and combustible liquids

3404.3.7.5.2 Liquid storage rooms for flammable and combustible liquids

3405.4.9 Solvent distillation units

3406.2.7 Construction sites—flammable and combustible liquids storage

3406.4.10.1 Bulk plants and terminals for flammable and combustible liquids

3406.8.1(20) Vapor recovery and processing equipment at bulk plants and terminals

3506.5 Sterilizers using flammable gas containing ethylene oxide

3808.2 LPG

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906.2.1 Maintenance. Portable fire extinguishers shall bemaintained in accordance with Section 901.6 and this sec-tion.

906.2.1.1 Monthly inspection. An inspection to verifythat the portable fire extinguishers are readily availableand in good working order shall be conducted at leastonce a month. The person conducting such inspectionsshall keep records of all portable fire extinguishersinspected, including the date the inspection was per-formed, the person performing the inspection, and thoseportable fire extinguishers found to require correctiveaction. Such recordkeeping shall be either kept on a tagor label securely attached to the portable fire extin-guisher, on an inspection checklist maintained on file orby an approved electronic method that provides a perma-nent record.

906.2.1.2 Servicing. Annual servicing and rechargingshall be performed by a person or company meeting therequirements of Section 901.6.3.1. Records of servicingand recharging of portable fire extinguishers shall beprovided and maintained in accordance with NFPA 10.The required tag or label for servicing shall also includethe following information:

1. The name and certificate of fitness number of theperson who serviced the portable fire extinguisher.

2. The month and year the portable fire extinguisherwas serviced.

3. The name, street address and telephone number ofthe portable fire extinguisher servicing company,if any, servicing the portable fire extinguisher.

906.2.1.3 Hydrostatic testing. Periodic hydrostatic test-ing of portable fire extinguishers shall be done in accor-dance with NFPA 10.

906.3 Size and distribution. For occupancies that involve pri-marily Class A fire hazards, the minimum sizes and distribu-tion shall comply with Table 906.3(1). Portable fireextinguishers for occupancies involving flammable or com-bustible liquids with depths of less than or equal to 0.25-inch(6.35 mm) shall be selected and placed in accordance withTable 906.3(2). Portable fire extinguishers for occupanciesinvolving flammable or combustible liquids with a depth ofgreater than 0.25-inch (6.35 mm) or involving combustiblemetals shall be selected and placed in accordance with NFPA10. Extinguishers for Class C fire hazards shall be selected andplaced on the basis of the anticipated Class A or Class B hazard.

906.3.1 Sprinklered areas. In buildings classified as GroupA-3 occupancy houses of worship and Group B occupancyoffice buildings that are protected throughout by a sprinklersystem, the maximum floor area per unit of A required byTable 906.3(1) may be doubled.

906.4 Cooking grease fires. Portable fire extinguishers pro-vided for the protection of cooking grease fires shall be of anapproved type compatible with the fire extinguishing systemagent and in accordance with Section 904.11.5.

906.5 Conspicuous location. Portable fire extinguishers shallbe located in conspicuous locations where they will be readily

accessible and immediately available for use. These locationsshall be along normal paths of travel, unless the commissionerdetermines that the hazard posed indicates the need for place-ment away from normal paths of travel.

Exceptions:

1. Portable fire extinguishers subject to theft, malicioususe or damage may be located in locations approvedby the commissioner.

2. In rooming houses and single room occupancies, asdefined in the New York State Multiple DwellingLaw, with over 15 sleeping rooms, a 2-A rated porta-ble fire extinguisher may be kept in the apartment ofthe manager or the building superintendent.

TABLE 906.3(1)PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

FOR CLASS A FIRE HAZARDS

LIGHT (Low)HAZARD

OCCUPANCYd

ORDINARY(Moderate)HAZARD

OCCUPANCYd

EXTRA (High)HAZARD

OCCUPANCYd

Minimum RatedSingle Extinguisher 2-Ac 2-A 4-Aa

Maximum FloorArea Per Unit of A

3,000 squarefeete

1,500 squarefeet

1,000 squarefeet

Maximum TravelDistance toExtinguisher

75 feet 75 feet 75 feet

For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm, 1 square foot = 0.0929 m2, 1 gallon = 3.785 L.a. Two 2.5-gallon water-type extinguishers shall be deemed the equivalent of

one 4-A rated extinguisher.b. Reserved.c. Two water-type extinguishers each with a 1-A rating shall be deemed the

equivalent of one 2-A rated extinguisher for Light (Low) Hazard Occupan-cies.

d. For the purposes of Table 906.3(1), the terms “Light (Low) Hazard”, “Ordi-nary (Moderate) Hazard” and “Extra (High) Hazard” shall be as defined inNFPA 10.

e. In areas classified as Groups A3, B, or E which are protected throughout by asprinkler system, the maximum floor area per unit of A may be doubled.

TABLE 906.3(2)FLAMMABLE OR COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS WITH

DEPTHS OF LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 0.25-INCH

TYPE OF HAZARD

BASIC MINIMUMPORTABLE FIREEXTINGUISHER

RATING

MAXIMUM TRAVELDISTANCE TO

PORTABLE FIREEXTINGUISHERS (feet)

Light (Low)5-B10-B

3050

Ordinary (Moderate)10-B20-B

3050

Extra (High)40-B80-B

3050

For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm, 1 foot = 304.8 mm.NOTE. For requirements on water-soluble flammable liquids and alternative

sizing criteria, see NFPA 10, Sections 3-3 and 3-4.

906.6 Unobstructed and unobscured. Portable fireextinguishers shall not be obstructed or obscured from view. Inrooms or areas in which visual obstruction cannot be com-



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pletely avoided, signs or other markings shall be provided toindicate the locations of portable fire extinguishers.

906.7 Hangers and brackets. Hand-held portable fireextinguishers, not housed in cabinets, shall be installed on thehangers or brackets supplied. Hangers or brackets shall besecurely anchored to the mounting surface in accordance withthe manufacturer’s installation instructions.

906.8 Cabinets. Cabinets used to house portable fireextinguishers shall be readily identifiable and shall not belocked.

Exceptions:

1. Portable fire extinguishers subject to theft, malicioususe or damage, if provided with an approved means ofready access.

2. Portable fire extinguishers in Group I-3 occupanciesand in mental health areas in Group I-2 occupanciesmay be locked or located in staff locations, providedthe staff of the institution has ready access to the cabi-net or other storage location.

906.9 Height above floor. Portable fire extinguishers having agross weight not exceeding 40 pounds (18 kg) shall be installedso that their tops are not more than 5 feet (1524 mm) above thefloor. Hand-held portable fire extinguishers having a grossweight exceeding 40 pounds (18 kg) shall be installed so thattheir tops are not more than 3.5 feet (1067 mm) above the floor.The clearance between the floor and the bottom of installedhand-held extinguishers shall not be less than 4 inches (102mm).

906.10 Wheeled units. Wheeled portable fire extinguishersshall be conspicuously located in a designated location.

SECTION FC 907FIRE ALARM AND DETECTION SYSTEMS

907.1 General. This section covers the operation and mainte-nance of fire alarm systems and their components.

907.1.1 Design and installation documents. Design andinstallation documents for fire alarm systems shall be sub-mitted to the department for review and approval prior tosystem installation. Design and installation documents shallinclude such design and installation details as may berequired by the construction codes, including the BuildingCode.

907.2 Where required. An approved manual, automatic, ormanual and automatic fire alarm system shall be providedwhere required by the construction codes, including the Build-ing Code or this code. An approved automatic fire detectionsystem shall be installed in accordance with the constructioncodes, including the Building Code, and NFPA 72.

907.3 Reserved.

907.4 Manual fire alarm boxes. Manual fire alarm boxes shallbe installed in accordance with the construction codes, includ-ing the Building Code.

907.4.1 through and including 907.4.4 Reserved.

907.4.5 Protective covers. The commissioner may requirethe installation of manual fire alarm box protective covers toprevent malicious false alarms or provide the manual firealarm box with protection from physical damage. The pro-tective cover shall comply with the requirements of the con-struction codes, including the Building Code.


907.8 Presignal system. Presignal systems shall not beinstalled unless approved by the commissioner. Where apresignal system is installed, personal supervision shall be pro-vided at an approved location, in order that the alarm signal canbe activated in the event of fire or other emergency.


907.13 Access. Access shall be provided to each detector forperiodic inspection, testing and other maintenance.

907.14 Fire extinguishing systems. Fire extinguishing sys-tems shall be connected to the building fire alarm system wherea fire alarm system is required or is otherwise installed.

907.15 Monitoring. Where required by this code, the rules orby the construction codes, including the Building Code, suchmonitoring by a central station shall be performed in compli-ance with the requirements of NFPA 72 and the rules.

Exception: Supervisory service is not required for:

1. Single- and multiple-station smoke alarms requiredby Section 907.2.10 of the Building Code.

2. Smoke detectors in Group I-3 occupancies.

3. Sprinkler systems in Group R-3 occupancies.

907.16 Automatic telephone-dialing devices. Automatictelephone-dialing devices used to transmit an emergency alarmshall not be connected to any department telephone numberunless approved by the commissioner.

907.17 Acceptance tests. Upon completion of the installationof a fire alarm system, including alarm notification appliancesand circuits, alarm-initiating devices and circuits, supervi-sory-signal initiating devices and circuits, signaling line cir-cuits, and primary and secondary power supplies, such systemshall be tested at the owner’s risk, by his or her representative,before a representative of the department, to confirm its properinstallation and operation of the system in compliance with therequirements of the Building Code and this code.

907.18 Record of completion. A record of completion inaccordance with NFPA 72 verifying that the system has beeninstalled in accordance with the approved design and installa-tion documents and specifications shall be provided by theinstalling contractor.

907.19 Instructions. Inspection, testing, operation and main-tenance instructions, as built design and installation documentsand equipment specifications shall be provided on site at anapproved location.

907.20 Inspection, testing and other maintenance. Firealarm and fire alarm detection systems shall be operated andmaintained in accordance with this code, Section 901, the rulesand NFPA 72.

907.20.1 Reserved.



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907.20.2 Testing. Testing shall be performed in accordancewith the schedules in NFPA 72 or more frequently whererequired by the commissioner. Where automatic testing isperformed at least weekly by a remotely monitored firealarm control unit specifically listed for the application, thesystem may be manually tested on an annual basis.

Exception: Devices or equipment that are inaccessiblefor safety considerations shall be tested during scheduledshutdowns where approved by the commissioner, but notless than every 18 months.

907.20.3 Detector sensitivity. Detector sensitivity shall bechecked in compliance with the manufacturer’s instructionsand NFPA 72. Detectors which are connected to a fire alarmsystem that automatically transmit signals to the departmentor to a central station shall, as applicable, also be checked incompliance with the rules.

907.20.4 Method. To ensure that each smoke detector iswithin its listed and marked sensitivity range, it shall betested using either a calibrated test method, the manufac-turer’s calibrated sensitivity test instrument, listed controlequipment arranged for the purpose, a smoke detector/con-trol unit arrangement whereby the detector causes a signal atthe control unit where its sensitivity is outside its acceptablesensitivity range or other calibrated sensitivity test methodacceptable to the commissioner. Detectors found to have asensitivity outside the listed and marked sensitivity rangeshall be cleaned and recalibrated or replaced.

Exceptions:

1. Detectors listed as field adjustable shall be permit-ted to be either adjusted within the listed andmarked sensitivity range and cleaned andrecalibrated or they shall be replaced.

2. This requirement shall not apply to single-stationsmoke alarms.

907.20.4.1 Testing device. Detector sensitivity shall notbe tested or measured using a device that administers anunmeasured concentration of smoke or other aerosol intothe detector.

907.20.5 Maintenance. The owner shall be responsible forensuring that the fire and life safety systems are maintainedin good working order at all times. Service personnel shallpossess the qualifications set forth in NFPA 72 for inspect-ing, testing, servicing and otherwise maintaining such sys-tems. A written record shall be maintained and shall bemade available to the commissioner. When required by therules, a smoke detector maintenance log book and an alarmlog book shall be maintained.

907.20.6 Smoke detector maintenance. The owner of anypremises, or part thereof, monitored by a fire alarm systemor sub-system thereof, whether required or not required bythis code, which automatically transmits1 signals to thedepartment or to a central station, shall be responsible forpreventing unnecessary and unwarranted alarms as set forthin rules. Cleaning and testing of smoke detectors shall beperformed and records maintained of smoke detectorsinstalled in a defined fire alarm system as required by therules.

SECTION FC 908EMERGENCY ALARM SYSTEMS

908.1 Group H occupancies. Emergency alarms for the detec-tion and notification of an emergency condition in Group Hoccupancies shall be provided as required in Chapter 27.

908.2 Group H-5 occupancy. Emergency alarms for notifica-tion of an emergency condition in an HPM facility shall be pro-vided as required in Section 1803.12. A continuous gasdetection system shall be provided for HPM gases in accor-dance with Section 1803.13.

908.3 Highly toxic and toxic materials. Where required bySection 3704.2.2.10, a gas detection system shall be providedfor indoor storage and use of highly toxic and toxic compressedgases.

908.4 Ozone gas-generator rooms. A gas detection systemshall be provided in ozone gas-generator rooms in accordancewith Section 3705.3.2.

908.5 Repair garages. A flammable-gas detection systemshall be provided in repair garages for vehicles fueled bynon-odorized gases in accordance with Section 2211.7.2.

908.6 Refrigerating systems. Refrigerating system machin-ery rooms shall be provided with a refrigerant detector inaccordance with Section 606.8 and the Mechanical Code.

908.7 Carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide alarms and car-bon monoxide detectors shall be installed where required bythe construction codes, including the Building Code and,where applicable, the requirements of the New York CityDepartment of Housing Preservation and Development.

908.8 Medical gas systems. Medical gas systems shall complywith the requirements of Section 3006.4 and the constructioncodes, including the Building Code.

908.9 Flammable gas. Flammable gas detection systems shallbe as set forth in the construction codes, including the BuildingCode, this code or the rules.

908.9.1 Flammable gas distribution piping. Areas withinbuildings and structures containing flammable gas distribu-tion piping operating at levels above 15 pounds per squareinch (psig)(103.4 kPa) shall be provided with an approvedflammable gas detection-alarm system.

908.10 Maintenance. Emergency alarm and detection systemsaddressed by this section shall be inspected, tested, servicedand otherwise maintained in accordance with the manufac-turer’s specifications. Those approved for connection to a firealarm system or which will transmit an alarm to a central sta-tion shall additionally comply with the requirements of NFPA72 and the rules governing the operation and maintenance ofsuch systems.

908.10.1 Carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide detectorsshall be inspected, tested, serviced and otherwise main-tained in compliance with the requirements of the construc-tion codes, including the Building Code, and, whereapplicable, the requirements of the New York City Depart-ment of Housing Preservation and Development. Thoseconnected to a fire alarm system or which will transmit analarm to a central station shall additionally comply with the



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requirements of Section 901.6, NFPA 72 and the rules gov-erning the operation and maintenance of such systems.

SECTION FC 909SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEMS

909.1 Smoke control systems. Smoke control systems,including stairwell pressurization, shall be provided asrequired by the construction codes, including the BuildingCode, and shall be designed, installed and tested as required bysuch codes.

909.1.1 Smoke control system maintenance. Smoke con-trol systems shall be maintained in good working order.Periodic testing, inspection and other maintenance shall beperformed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruc-tions and Sections 909.1.1.1 through 909.1.1.3.

909.1.1.1 Schedule. A written maintenance program,including periodic inspection and testing, shall be estab-lished and implemented immediately upon installationof the smoke control system.

909.1.1.2 Recordkeeping. A logbook or other approvedform of recordkeeping documenting each inspection andtest shall be maintained on the premises and made avail-able for inspection by any department representative.The written record shall include the date of the mainte-nance, identification of servicing personnel, descriptionof any operating defects or deficiencies, notificationsmade and corrective action taken, including partsreplaced.

909.1.1.3 Testing. Operational testing of the smoke con-trol system shall include all components of the system,including initiating devices, fans, dampers, controls,doors and windows. Dedicated smoke control systemsshall be tested semiannually. Nondedicated smoke con-trol systems shall be tested annually. All systems shall betested under both normal power and emergency power.

909.2 Post-fire smoke purge systems. Post-fire smoke purgesystems shall be provided as required by the constructioncodes, including the Building Code, and shall be designed,installed and tested as required by such codes.

909.2.1 Post-fire smoke purge system maintenance.Post-fire smoke purge systems shall be maintained in goodworking order. A record of inspections and tests shall bemaintained on the premises and made available for inspec-tion by any department representative.

SECTION FC 910SMOKE AND HEAT VENTS

910.1 General. Where required by the construction codes,including the Building Code, this code or the rules or otherwiseinstalled, smoke and heat vents, or mechanical smoke exhaustsystems, and draft curtains shall comply with the requirementsof the construction codes, including the Building Code.

910.2 Where required. Approved smoke and heat vents shallbe installed where required by the construction codes, includ-ing the Building Code, this code or the rules.

910.3 Reserved.

910.4 Mechanical smoke exhaust. Where approved by theCommissioner of Buildings, engineered mechanical smokeexhaust shall be an acceptable alternative to smoke and heatvents. Mechanical smoke exhaust shall comply with therequirements of the construction codes, including the BuildingCode.

910.5 Maintenance. Automatically and manually operatedheat vents and engineered mechanical smoke exhaust systemsshall be inspected periodically and an operational test of eachshall be conducted at least every 12 months. A record of eachinspection and test shall be maintained as required by Section901.6.

Exception: Gravity operated drop out vents need only beinspected.

SECTION FC 911EXPLOSION CONTROL

911.1 General. Explosion control shall be provided in the fol-lowing locations:

1. Where a structure, room or space is occupied for pur-poses involving explosion hazards as set forth in Table911.1.

2. Where quantities of hazardous materials specified inTable 911.1 exceed the maximum allowable quantitiesset forth in Table 2703.1.1(1).

Such areas shall be provided with explosion (deflagration)venting, explosion (deflagration) prevention systems, or barri-cades in accordance with this section and NFPA 69 or NFPA495, as applicable. Deflagration venting shall not be utilized asa means to protect buildings from detonation hazards.

911.2 Required deflagration venting. Areas that are requiredto be provided with deflagration venting shall comply with thefollowing requirements:

1. Walls, ceilings and roofs exposing surrounding areasshall be designed to resist a minimum internal pressureof 100 pounds per square foot (psf) (4788 Pa). The mini-mum internal design pressure shall not be less than fivetimes the maximum internal relief pressure specified inSection 911.2(5).

2. Deflagration venting shall be provided only in exteriorwalls and roofs.

Exception: Where sufficient exterior wall and roofventing cannot be provided because of inadequateexterior wall or roof area, deflagration venting shallbe allowed by specially designed shafts vented to theexterior of the building.

3. Deflagration venting shall be designed to prevent unac-ceptable structural damage. Where relieving a deflagra-tion, vent closures shall not produce projectiles ofsufficient velocity and mass to cause life threateninginjuries to the occupants or other persons on the propertyor adjacent public streets.



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4. The aggregate clear area of vents and venting devicesshall be governed by the pressure resistance of the con-struction assemblies specified in Section 911.2(1) andthe maximum internal pressure allowed by Section911.2(5).

5. Vents shall be designed to withstand loads in accordancewith the construction codes, including the BuildingCode. Vents shall consist of any one or any combinationof the following to relieve at a maximum internal pres-sure of 20 pounds per square foot (958 Pa), but not less

than the loads required by the construction codes, includ-ing the Building Code:

5.1. Exterior walls designed to release outward.

5.2. Hatch covers.

5.3. Outward swinging doors.

5.4. Roofs designed to uplift.

5.5. Venting devices listed for the purpose.



TABLE 911.1EXPLOSION CONTROL REQUIREMENTS

MATERIAL CLASS

EXPLOSION CONTROL METHODS

Barricade constructionExplosion (deflagration) venting or explosion

(deflagration) prevention systems

Hazard Category

Combustible dustsa — Not required Required

Cryogenic fluids Flammable Not required Required

Explosives Division 1.1Division 1.2Division 1.3Division 1.4Division 1.5Division 1.6

RequiredRequired

Not requiredNot required

RequiredRequired


RequiredRequired


Flammable gas GaseousLiquefied


RequiredRequired

Flammable liquids IAb

IBcNot requiredNot required

RequiredRequired

Organic peroxidese Unclassified DetonableI

RequiredRequired

Not permittedNot permitted

Oxidizer liquids and solids 4 Required Not permitted

Pyrophoric materiale Detonable Required Not permitted

Pyrophoric gasese Nondetonable Not required Required

Unstable (reactive)e 43 detonable

3 nondetonable

RequiredRequired

Not required

Not permittedNot permitted

Required

Water-reactive liquids and solidse 3 detonable3 nondetonable

2 detonable2 nondetonable

RequiredNot required


Not permittedRequired


Special Uses

Grain processing — Not required Required

Where explosion hazards existd DetonationDeflagration



a. Combustible dusts that are generated during manufacturing or processing. See definition of Combustible Dust in Chapter 2.b. Storage or use.c. In open use or dispensing.d. Rooms containing dispensing and use of hazardous materials when an explosive environment can occur because of the characteristics or nature of the hazardous

materials or as a result of the dispensing or use process.e. Unclassified detonable organic peroxides (see Chapter 39), detonable pyrophoric materials (see Chapter 41), detonable unstable (reactive) materials (see Chapter

43) and detonable water-reactive materials (see Chapter 44) are considered as explosives for purposes of storage.

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6. Vents designed to release from the exterior walls or roofsof the building when venting a deflagration shall dis-charge directly outdoors where an unoccupied space notless than 50 feet (15 240 mm) in width is providedbetween the exterior walls of the building and the prop-erty line.

Exception: Vents complying with the requirementsof Section 911.2(7).

7. Vents designed to remain attached to the building whenventing a deflagration shall be so located that the dis-charge opening shall not be less than 10 feet (3048 mm)vertically from window openings and exits in the build-ing and 20 feet (6096 mm) horizontally from exits in thebuilding, from window openings and exits in adjacentbuildings on the same property, and from the propertyline.

8. Vent lines shall discharge outdoors.

911.3 Explosion prevention systems. Explosion preventionsystems shall be of an approved type and installed in accor-dance with this code and NFPA 69. Where the building orstructure or part thereof is provided with a fire alarm system,explosion prevention system alarms shall be transmitted to thefire alarm system control panel and to an approved central sta-tion.

911.4 Barricades. Barricades shall be designed and installedin accordance with NFPA 495.

SECTION FC 912FIRE DEPARTMENT CONNECTIONS

912.1 Installation. Fire department connections shall beinstalled in accordance with the construction codes, includingthe Building Code.

912.2 Location. The location of fire department connectionsshall be approved.

912.2.1 Visible location. Fire department connections shallbe located on the street side of buildings, fully visible andrecognizable from the street or nearest point of fire depart-ment vehicle access or as otherwise approved by the com-missioner.

912.3 Access. Immediate access to fire department connec-tions shall be maintained at all times and without obstructionby fences, bushes, trees, walls or any other object for a mini-mum of 3 feet (914 mm).

912.3.1 Locking fire department connection caps. Thecommissioner may require locking caps on fire departmentconnections for sprinkler and standpipe systems.

912.4 Marking. Wall hydrants and fire pump test headerslocated on the exterior of buildings shall be conspicuouslymarked to indicate their function. Fire department connectionsshall be marked as follows:

1. Fire department connections serving a standpipe systemshall be provided with caps painted red, and shall havethe word “STANDPIPE” in letters 1 inch (25.4 mm) highand 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) deep cast in the body or on anon-ferrous metal plate secured to the connections or

mounted on the wall in a visible location, except thatcaps of fire department connections used for combina-tion standpipe and sprinkler systems shall be painted yel-low and the words shall read “COMBINATIONSTANDPIPE AND SPRINKLER SYSTEMS.”

2. Fire department connections serving a sprinkler systemprotecting an entire building or structure shall be pro-vided with caps painted green and shall have the word“SPRINKLER” in letters 1 inch (25.4 mm) high and 1/8

inch (3.2 mm) deep cast in the body or on a non-ferrousmetal plate secured to the connections or mounted on thewall in a visible location, except that caps of fire depart-ment connections used for combination standpipe andsprinkler systems shall be painted yellow and the wordsshall read “COMBINATION STANDPIPE ANDSPRINKLER SYSTEMS.”

3. Fire department connections serving a non-automaticsprinkler system shall have the entire connection paintedsilver.

4. Fire department connections serving a sprinkler systemprotecting only a portion of a building or structure shallhave durable metal signs securely fastened to, or above,the connection indicating the portion of the building orstructure protected.

912.5 Backflow protection. The potable water supply to allsprinkler systems and standpipe systems shall be protectedagainst backflow as required by the construction codes, includ-ing the Plumbing Code, and the requirements of the New YorkCity Department of Environmental Protection.

912.6 Maintenance. Sprinkler system and standpipe systemfire department connections shall be periodically inspected,tested, serviced and otherwise maintained in accordance withSection 901.6 and NFPA 25. Upon order of the commissioner,but at least once every 5 years, such fire department connec-tions shall be subjected to a hydrostatic pressure test to demon-strate their suitability for department use. The test shall beconducted in accordance with the rules and at the owner’s risk,by his or her representative before a representative of thedepartment.

SECTION FC 913FIRE PUMPS

913.1 General. Where provided, fire pumps shall be installedin accordance with this section, the construction codes, includ-ing the Building Code, and NFPA 20.

913.2 Protection against interruption of service. The firepump, driver, and controller shall be protected in accordancewith NFPA 20 against possible interruption of service throughdamage caused by explosion, fire, flood, earthquake, rodents,insects, windstorm, freezing, vandalism and other adverse con-ditions.

913.3 Temperature of pump room. Suitable means shall beprovided for maintaining the temperature of a pump room orpump house, where required, above 40°F (5°C).

913.3.1 Engine manufacturer’s recommendation. Tem-perature of the pump room, pump house or area where



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engines are installed shall never be less than the minimumrecommended by the engine manufacturer. The enginemanufacturer’s recommendations for oil heaters shall befollowed.

913.4 Valve supervision. Where provided, the fire pump suc-tion, discharge and bypass valves, and the isolation valves onthe backflow prevention device or assembly shall be super-vised open by a fire alarm system and monitored by anapproved central station.

913.4.1 Test outlet valve supervision. Fire pump test outletvalves shall be supervised in the closed position.

913.5 Operation and maintenance. Fire pumps shall be oper-ated and maintained in compliance with the requirements ofthis section, Section 901.6 and NFPA 25, including all requiredinspection, testing and servicing.

913.5.1 Acceptance test. Acceptance testing shall be donein accordance with Section 901.5 and NFPA 20. Acceptancetests shall be conducted at the owner’s risk by his or her rep-resentative before a representative of the department.

913.5.2 Generator sets. Engine generator sets supplyingemergency power to fire pump assemblies shall be periodi-cally tested in accordance with Section 604 and the Electri-cal Code.

913.5.3 Transfer switches. Automatic transfer switchesshall be periodically tested in accordance with Section 604and the Electrical Code.

913.5.4 Pump room environmental conditions. Tests ofpump room environmental conditions, including heating,ventilation and illumination shall be made to ensure propermanual or automatic operation of the associated equipment.

913.6 Fire pump supervision. The following fire pump opera-tions shall be electrically supervised by the fire alarm system inaccordance with the Electrical Code and NFPA 20; and moni-tored by a central station in accordance with this code and therules:

1. Pump running.

2. Pump power failed.

3. Pump phase reversal.

SECTION FC 914YARD HYDRANT SYSTEMS

914.1 General. Yard hydrant systems shall be installed whererequired by the construction codes, including the BuildingCode, this code, including Section 508.2.3, or the rules.

914.2 Operation and maintenance. Yard hydrant systemsshall be operated and maintained in accordance with Section901.6 and NFPA 25.

914.3 Supervision. At all times when the area served by theyard hydrant system is in use, the system shall be under the per-sonal supervision of a certificate of fitness holder, who shall beavailable to assist the department in the operation of such sys-tem.



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