chapter 9 group presentation
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 9
Question 1
What was the chief goal of American expansionists?
Who are the expansionists? Expansionists – favored territorial growth - emerged after the American
Revolution (1775-83) because eager to spread “American Ideals”
Wanted to expand territory beyond the 13 original states
Manifest Destiny Emerged in 1800s Referred to belief that God wanted the U.S.
to own all of North America Eager of Manifest Destiny best illustrated by
expansion into Oregon Country- settled by United States
and Canada under Convention of 1818
Manifest Destiny (cont.) In presidential election of 1844 James K. Polk
used slogan “Fifty-four Forty or Fight”- After elected, Polk settled dispute with Britain securing the territory (today: Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and parts of Montana and
Wyoming
Manifest Destiny (cont.) Close to the nineteenth century, U.S.
was able to acquire outlying territories of Alaska, the Hawaiian Islands, Midway Islands, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam, Wake Island, American Samoa, the Panama Canal Zone, and the U.S. Virgin Islands
Question 2 What was the Oregon Trail? Which
settlers traveled along this trail, and why?
Oregon Trail Route from Independence, Missouri
to Oregon City, Oregon Made by mountain men of fur trade
on the 1830s and publicized by 1843 2000 mile wagon route and emigrant
trail
Oregon Trail (cont.) First only passable by foot and horseback
until 1836 when first migrant wagon organized and trail was cleared further
Ferries and bridges made it faster and safer
Oregon Trail (cont.)
1846-1869 (epoch years) trail were used by about 400,000 settlers, farmers, miners, and businessmen and their families
Use of trail declined when first transcontinental railroad was completed in 1869, making the trip westward faster, cheaper and safer
Question 3
What was the goal of the Treaty of Fort Laramie? How did it affect Native Americans?
Treaty of Fort Laramie By 1815 bound the Indians to territories away
from major trails. Signed in 1868,assigned reservations to the
Sioux and Northern Cheyennes in Dakota, Montana, and Wyoming territories, but restored only temporary peace to the region.
This protected migrants by restricting Plain Indians.
Question 4
Who were Antonio Lόpez de Santa Anna and Sam Houston? How were the two men linked?
Antonio Lopez
• Was a pointless general
• He was a president who influenced early Mexican and Spanish politics and governments
• He was president for eleven non-consecutive periods of years.
Sam Houston
• Houston was a statesman, politician and solider
• He became a key figure in history of Texas
• He was elected as the first and third president of the Republic of Texas
Question 5
How did James K. Polk encourage territorial expansion?
Background James K. Polk was the 11th President He was a Democrat and was Governor
of Tennessee. Was running for presidency against
Henry Clay.
Clay- tried to take expansionists issue and indirectly take slavery out of the campaign by declaring that they were opposed to the annexation of Texas.
Polk- Publicly asserted that Texas should be “re-annexed” and all of Oregon re-occupied.
Question 6 What was the Gadsden Purchase? Why
did the United States seek this purchase?
Gadsden Purchase A land purchase where the United
States obtained 29,640 square miles of land including present day New Mexico and Southern Arizona from Mexico.
As a result the U.S used the land to build railroads.
Question 7
What was the Wilmot Proviso? Did it Unite or divide Congress? Explain.
Wilmot Proviso It was a proviso created by David Wilmot of the Whig
party It stated that it would ban slavery from any land won
from Mexico This divided the Northern and Southern Whig parties IT never passed senate but always passed house of
representatives for 15 years Every time the proviso went into court it caused tension
between the North and South This also led to the antislavery Republican party in 1854
Wilmot Proviso (cont.)
This proviso helped create the Compromise of 1850
This stated that California was a free state but New Mexico and Utah got to choose
Question 8
What was the goal of the forty-niners?
Forty-niners – miners who went to California after the discovery of gold in 1848
The new lands in the West seemed too distant for rapid settlement
Workers at John Sutter’s sawmill found flecks of gold in the American River.
The mass migration of 80,000 people was called the California Gold Rush.
Half traveled by land, the other by sea (shortcut: Isthmus of Panama)
Many came from South America (Chile and Peru)
25,000 from China in the 1850’s Population 1847: 14,000
Five years later: 225,000
Question 9
What were the causes of westward migration?
Westward Expansion The gold rush of 1848, and the quest for land
and it’s resources. Land represented wealth the more land you
had, the wealthier you were considered. Many people believed that going west and
having more land was there manifest destiny
Westward Expansion (cont.) Homestead act gave an applicant
ownership at no cost. People typically got 160 acres of
undeveloped land. Only counted for land west of the
Mississippi, to encourage people to migrate west.
Also there was population growth, so people wanted to leave the busy cities and be able to own their own farm land.
Question 10
How did the revolution in Texas lead to war with Mexico?
Question 10 The US wanted to make the border named the Rio
Grand but the mexico didn’t want to President Polk sent a general with troops down to Rio
Grand to protect the border Polk wanted mexicans to attack so he would gain
support of the Senate to go to war Eventually the mexicans cross the border and attack
american soldiers and that was the start of the mexican american war
After two years the mexicans agreed to call the border the Rio Grand and seeded the california territory to the US and Us gave them 15 million dollars as a gift
Question 11
What were the effects of the Mexican-American War and the California Gold Rush?
Mexican-American War Territorial gains on the United
States behalf, an internal conflict over slavery, & downfall of the Mexican Government.
Led to disruptions in congress and the build up of hatred between the North and South.
Mexico was forced to give up the United States
United States Claimed over 500,000 square miles of new territory.
Stoked the flames of sectional controversy in American national politics.
After his Victory at Vera Cruz Scott advanced with his army toward Mexico City.
California Gold Rush
White and Chinese miners hoping to strike it rich during the California Gold rush ,1852
James Wilson Marshall found the first few pieces of gold in Coloma, California.
Farming Settlements were greatly affected
Creation of mines and settlements led to widespread destruction of habit. (Animals)
Biggest migration in history took place.
“ the yellow metal was a magnet that pulled people from all over the world”
United states expands sea to sea, Gadsden purchase.
References Question 1
- "Manifest Destiny." Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History. Ed. Thomas Carson and Mary
Bonk. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 2000. 598-599. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 17 Sep. 2012. - "Expansionists." Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History. Ed. Thomas Carson and Mary Bonk.
Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 1999. 299-300. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 17 Sep. 2012.