chapter 9 notes cellular respiration. 9-1 chemical pathways all living organisms need food to...
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Chapter 9 Notes
Cellular Respiration
9-1 Chemical Pathways
All living organisms need food to survive.
Food provides living things with the chemical building blocks they need to grow and reproduce.
9-1 Chemical Pathways
1 gram of glucose releases 3811 calories of heat energy
Calorie (c): the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 Celsius degree
The calories on food labels (C) are kilocalories or 1000 calories
9-1 Chemical Pathways
Cells gradually release energy from glucose and other food compounds.
Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen.- 3 parts: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain
GlucoseGlycolysis
Cytoplasm
Pyruvic acid
Electrons carried in NADH
Krebs Cycle
Electrons carried in
NADH and FADH2
Electron Transport Chain
Mitochondrion
9-1 Chemical Pathways
Equation for Cellular Respiration
6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy
oxygen+glucose carbon+water+energy
dioxide
Glucose
Glycolysis Krebs cycle
Electrontransport
Fermentation (without oxygen)
Alcohol or lactic acid
9-1 Chemical Pathways
9-1 Chemical Pathways
The first set of chemical reactions in cellular respiration is glycolysis.
Glycolysis is the process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid, a 3-carbon compound
9-1 Chemical Pathways
Net results of glycolysis- 2 molecules of ATP are gained- 2 molecules of NADH are gained- 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (3C) are formed from 1 glucose molecule
9-1 Chemical Pathways
2 ADP 4 ADP 4 ATP
2 Pyruvicacid
2 ATP
Glucose
9-1 Chemical Pathways
When oxygen is present in the cell, glycolysis is followed by the Krebs cycle.
If there is no oxygen present, glycolysis is followed by fermentation.
Fermentation releases energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen
9-1 Chemical Pathways
Because fermentation does not require oxygen it is said to be anaerobic.
The two main types of fermentation are alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation
9-1 Chemical Pathways
9-1 Chemical Pathways
9-1 Chemical Pathways
Alcoholic fermentation is used mainly by plants and yeasts- alcohol is the product
Lactic acid fermentation occurs in muscle cells when the body cannot supply enough oxygen to the tissues- lactic acid is the product
Section QuizThe raw materials required for cellular
respiration are carbon dioxide and oxygen. glucose and water. glucose and oxygen. carbon dioxide and water.
Section QuizGlycolysis occurs in the
mitochondria. cytoplasm. nucleus. chloroplasts.
Section QuizThe net gain of ATP molecules after
glycolysis is 3 ATP molecules. 2 ATP molecules. 3 pyruvic acid molecules. 4 pyruvic acid molecules
Section QuizFermentation releases energy from food
molecules in the absence of oxygen. glucose. NADH. alcohol.
Section QuizThe first step in fermentation is always
lactic acid production. the Krebs cycle. glycolysis. alcohol production.
9-2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport
Oxygen is used for the final steps of cellular respiration. Because the pathway requires oxygen, it is said to be aerobic.
In the presence of O2, pyruvic acid passes on to the second stage of cellular respiration, the Krebs cycle
9-2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport
During the Krebs cycle, pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions
Net result of the Krebs cycle- 2 molecules of pyruvic acid enter- 8 molecules of NADH are gained- 2 molecules of FADH2 are gained- 2 molecules of ATP are gained
Citric Acid Production
Mitochondrion
9-2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport
From glycolysis and the Krebs cycle high energy electron carriers, NADH and FADH2, are produced. The electrons are then passed to the electron transport chain.
The electron transport chain uses high energy electrons to convert ADP to ATP.
ETC Movie pt 1ETC Movie pt 2
9-2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport
9-2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport
9-2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport
9-2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport
ATP synthase
9-2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport
ATP
ATP synthase
Channel
9-2 The Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport
Each NADH make 3 ATP while each FADH2 makes 2 ATP
1 glucose molecule can then make 38 total ATP ( 4 ATP, 10 NADH 30 ATP, 2 FADH2 4 ATP)
Cellular Respiration Animation
Section QuizThe Krebs cycle breaks pyruvic acid down
into oxygen. NADH. carbon dioxide. alcohol.
Section QuizIn eukaryotes, the electron transport chain
is located in the cell membrane. inner mitochondrial membrane. cytoplasm. outer mitochondrial membrane.
Section QuizTo generate energy over long periods, the
body must use stored ATP. lactic acid fermentation. cellular respiration. glycolysis.
Section QuizWhich statement correctly describes
photosynthesis and cellular respiration? Photosynthesis releases energy, while cellular
respiration stores energy. Photosynthesis and cellular respiration use the
same raw materials. Cellular respiration releases energy, while
photosynthesis stores energy. Cellular respiration and photosynthesis
produce the same products.