Name:  _____________________________________________________________   Date:  ___________________________   Period:  ______________    

Chapter  9  Reading  Guide  Civilization  in  Eastern  Europe:  Byzantium  and  Orthodox  Europe,  p.204-­‐218  

 UNIT  SUMMARY  

In  addition  to  the  great  civilizations  of  Asia  and  North  Africa  forming  during  the  postclassical  period,  two  related  major  civilizations  formed  in  Europe.  The  Byzantine  Empire,  in  western  Asia  and  southeastern  Europe,  expanded  into  Eastern  Europe.  The  other  was  defined  by  the  influence  of  Catholicism  in  western  and  central  Europe.  The  Byzantine  Empire,  with  territory  in  the  Balkans,  the  Middle  East,  and  the  eastern  Mediterranean,  maintained  very  high  levels  of  political,  economic,  and  cultural  life  between  500  and  1450  C.E.  The  empire  continued  many  Roman  patterns  and  spread  its  Orthodox  Christian  civilization  through  most  of  Eastern  Europe,  Belarus,  Ukraine,  and  Russia.  Catholic  Christianity,  without  an  imperial  center,  spread  in  Western  Europe.  Two  separate  civilizations  emerged  from  the  differing  Christian  influences.  

 Using  the  maps  on  page  208  &  212:  

A. Draw  the  boundaries  of  the  Byzantine  Empire  in  the  following  years  using  the  following  line  patterns  OR  using  4  different  map  colors.  If  you  use  map  colors,  color  over  the  line  patterns  below  to  create  an  accurate  key.  

a. 527  CE        b. 565  CE  c. 1000  CE       (you’ll  have  to  go  off  the  side  of  the  map  a  little)  d. 1100  CE  

 B. Who  was  responsible  for  the  acquisition  of  Italy?  

 C. What  continuous  pattern  do  you  see  after  565?  

 D. What  major  area  has  been  lost  by  1000  CE,  other  than  Italy?  

 E. From  what  direction  does  the  Byzantine  Empire  face  its  greatest  threat?  

CHAPTER SUMMARY In#addition#to#the#great#civilizations#of#Asia#and#North#Africa#forming#during#the#postclassical#period,#two#related#major#civilizations#formed#in#Europe.#The#Byzantine#Empire,#in#western#Asia#and#southeastern#Europe,#expanded#into#Eastern#Europe.#The#other#was#defined#by#the#influence#of#Catholicism#in#western#and#central#Europe.#The#Byzantine#Empire,#with#territory#in#the#Balkans,#the#Middle#East,#and#the#eastern#Mediterranean,#maintained#very#high#levels#of#political,#economic,#and#cultural#life#between#500#and#1450#C.E.#The#empire#continued#many#Roman#patterns#and#spread#its#Orthodox#Christian#civilization#through#most#of#Eastern#Europe,#Belarus,#Ukraine,#and#Russia.#Catholic#Christianity,#without#an#imperial#center,#spread#in#Western#Europe.#Two#separate#civilizations#emerged#from#the#differing#Christian#influences.#

Using the maps on page 197 & 201:

A. Draw the boundaries of the Byzantine Empire in the following years using the following line patterns OR using 4 different map colors. If you use map colors, color over the line patterns below to create an accurate key.

i. 527 CE ii. 565 CE iii. 1000 CE (you’ll have to go off the side of map a little) iv. 1100 CE

B. Who was responsible for the acquisition of Italy?

C. What continuous pattern do you see after 565?

D. What major area has been lost by 1000 CE, other than Italy?

E. From what direction does the Byzantine Empire face its greatest threat?

Name ________________________________ Due Date: _____________________

Chapter 9 Reading Guide Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe

CHAPTER SUMMARY In#addition#to#the#great#civilizations#of#Asia#and#North#Africa#forming#during#the#postclassical#period,#two#related#major#civilizations#formed#in#Europe.#The#Byzantine#Empire,#in#western#Asia#and#southeastern#Europe,#expanded#into#Eastern#Europe.#The#other#was#defined#by#the#influence#of#Catholicism#in#western#and#central#Europe.#The#Byzantine#Empire,#with#territory#in#the#Balkans,#the#Middle#East,#and#the#eastern#Mediterranean,#maintained#very#high#levels#of#political,#economic,#and#cultural#life#between#500#and#1450#C.E.#The#empire#continued#many#Roman#patterns#and#spread#its#Orthodox#Christian#civilization#through#most#of#Eastern#Europe,#Belarus,#Ukraine,#and#Russia.#Catholic#Christianity,#without#an#imperial#center,#spread#in#Western#Europe.#Two#separate#civilizations#emerged#from#the#differing#Christian#influences.#

Using the maps on page 197 & 201:

A. Draw the boundaries of the Byzantine Empire in the following years using the following line patterns OR using 4 different map colors. If you use map colors, color over the line patterns below to create an accurate key.

i. 527 CE ii. 565 CE iii. 1000 CE (you’ll have to go off the side of map a little) iv. 1100 CE

B. Who was responsible for the acquisition of Italy?

C. What continuous pattern do you see after 565?

D. What major area has been lost by 1000 CE, other than Italy?

E. From what direction does the Byzantine Empire face its greatest threat?

Name ________________________________ Due Date: _____________________

Chapter 9 Reading Guide Civilization in Eastern Europe: Byzantium and Orthodox Europe

CIVILIZATION  IN  EASTERN  EUROPE  p.204  The  Power  of  the  Byzantine  Empire  

1. What  former  empire  in  the  West  did  the  Byzantine  Empire  spring  from  and  continue?    

2. What  was  the  Byzantine  capital?    

3. What  form  of  Christianity  was  practiced  in  the  Byzantine  Empire?    

4. What  area  did  the  Byzantine  influence?    

5. What  began  to  spread  northward?    

6. How  were  Eastern  and  Western  Europe  developing  differently?      

THE  BYZANTINE  EMPIRE  p.206  

7. Which  Roman  emperor  moved  the  eastern  capital  to  Byzantium?    

8. What  area  did  it  include?    

9. What  language  did  it  use?    

10. Why  was  this  language  beneficial?    

11. Who  was  allowed  to  participate  in  the  bureaucracy  that  had  not  during  Roman  times?      

Justinian’s  Achievements  

12. Who  was  the  empire  under  the  threat  of?    

13. What  were  some  of  the  negative  attributes  of  Justinian?      

14. What  were  some  of  his  positive  achievements?      

15. What  helped  to  unify  the  empire,  like  it  did  during  the  Roman  Empire?    

16. What  was  the  reason  for  raising  taxes?      

Arab  Pressure  and  the  Empire’s  Defenses  

17. What  method  was  used  to  convert  people  in  the  Middle  East  to  Christianity  in  the  600s?    

18. What  eventually  threatened  Byzantine  holdings  in  the  Middle  East?  What  military  means  did  they  use?    

19. What  new  scientific  weapon  did  the  Byznatines  use  to  combat  the  Arabs?    

20. Where  did  the  burden  of  maintaining  the  empire  fall,  militarily  and  economically?    

21. What  caused  this  group  additional  strain?  

22. In  what  period  was  Byzantine  at  its  height?    

Byzantine  Society  and  Politics  

23. Which  government  was  the  Byzantine  government  similar  to?  How?      

24. Who  was  head  of  the  church?    

25. How  do  we  know  that  women  exerted  more  importance/power  during  the  Byzantine  Empire?      

26. Who  served  in  the  Byzantine  bureaucracy?    

27. What  did  they  have  to  be  schooled  in?    

28. Who  held  positions  close  to  the  emperor?  Why  do  you  think?      

29. How  were  military  recruited?  Who  is  this  similar  to?      

30. What  did  the  Byzantine  Empire  effectively  do  for  Europe  until  the  15th  century?      

31. What  new  role  did  the  Byzantine  Empire  take  in  the  economy?  Who  did  it  mean  to  benefit  and  why?  Who  did  it  hurt  and  why?  

 

32. What  philosophy  did  their  cultural  life  center  around?    

33. What  kinds  of  artistic/architectural  innovations  came  out  of  Byzantium?    

THE  SPLIT  BETWEEN  EASTERN  AND  WESTERN  CHRISTIANITY  p.210  

34. In  1054,  what  brought  the  differences  between  the  East  and  West  to  a  head?  

 

35. What  split  in  Islam  resembles  the  split  between  the  Roman  Catholic  and  Eastern  Orthodox  Churches?  (THINK!!  What  two  sub-­‐groups  exist  in  Islam?)    

36. Fill  out  the  chart  below  to  compare/contrast  the  differences  between  the  Eastern  and  Western  forms  of  Christianity.  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

THE SPLIT BETWEEN EASTERN AND WESTERN CHRISTIANITY P. 202

42. Fill out the chart below to compare/contrast the differences between the Eastern and Western forms of Christianity.

West East

Head of church

Bible language

Priests celibacy

Rituals

43. In 1054, what brought the differences between the East and West to a head?

44. What split in Islam resembles the split between the Roman Catholic and Eastern

Orthodox Churches? (THINK!!! What two sub-groups exist in Islam?) THE EMPIRE’S DECLINE

45. What united the nomadic invaders?

46. What caused the biggest blow to the empire’s economy?

47. What resulted from the Byzantine appeal for help from the West?

48. How much longer does the Byzantine Empire last after the crusaders attack Constantinople?

49. When did Constantinople fall to the Turks?

50. What made this empire significant?

THE SPREAD OF CIVILIZATION IN EASTERN EUROPE P. 204

51. Who spread Christianity north?

52. Why are Cyril and Methodius important?

53. What made the spread of Orthodox Christianity successful in its spread north? THE EAST CENTRAL BORDERLANDS

54. What region did Jews immigrate? Why?

The  Empire’s  Decline  

37. What  united  the  nomadic  invaders?    

38. What  caused  the  biggest  blow  to  the  empire’s  economy?    

39. What  resulted  from  the  Byzantine  appeal  for  help  from  the  West?    

40. How  much  longer  does  the  Byzantine  Empire  last  after  the  Crusaders  attacked  Constantinople?    

41. When  did  Constantinople  fall  to  the  Turks?    

42. What  made  this  empire  significant?  

 

THINKING  HISTORICALLY:  Eastern  and  Western  Europe:  The  Problem  of  Boundaries  p.213  

43. Why  is  it  difficult  to  clearly  draw  a  line  on  a  map  between  Eastern  and  Western  Europe?      

44. Make  an  argument  for  Poland  for  being  a  Western  European  country  and  then  make  a  counter  argument  for  it  being  an  Eastern  European  country.  

a.    b.    

 

THE  SPREAD  OF  CIVILIZATION  IN  EASTERN  EUROPE  p.213  

45. Who  spread  Christianity  north?    

46. Why  are  Cyril  and  Methodius  important?      

47. What  made  the  spread  of  Orthodox  Christianity  successful  in  its  spread  north?      

The  East  Central  Borderlands  

48. What  region  did  Jews  immigrate  to?  Why?    

49. What  area  of  the  economy  were  Jews  allowed  to  participate?    

50. Due  to  the  treatment  from  Christians  and  forced  cultural  isolation,  what  behavior  did  they  emphasize?    

THE  EMERGENCE  OF  KIEVAN  RUS’  p.215  

51. What  ethnic  group  of  people  settled  this  area  of  Eastern  Europe?    

52. Briefly  describe  their  political  and  cultural  tradition.  

 

New  Patterns  of  Trade  

53. What  group  of  people  migrated  into  this  area?  How?  Why?    

54. Who  set  up  a  principality  in  Kiev?    

55. Where  did  the  word  Russia  come  from?    

56. Who  did  they  trade  with?    

57. Why  did  Vladimir  I  adopt  Orthodox  Christianity  as  the  religion  for  his  people?  (Why  not  the  others?)      

58. What  did  Yaroslav  do  to  built  unity?    

 

Institutions  and  Culture  in  Kievan  Rus’  

59. Compare/Contrast  Byzantine  and  Russian  political  institutions.        

60. How  were  Russian  aristocrats  different  than  in  Western  Europe?      

Kievan  Decline  

61. What  internal  problems  did  they  have?      

62. Externally  what  affected  their  economy?      

63. What  nomadic  group  laid  the  final  low?  What  did  they  call  them?    

64. How  long  did  they  control  Russia?    

65. Russians  were  left  to  their  day  to  day  activities  as  long  as  they  did  what?    

66. What  did  Russians  consider  themselves?    

TIMELINE  

Insert  the  following  events  into  the  timeline  

A. Constantinople  taken  by  Ottoman  Turks,  ending  the  Byzantine  Empire  

B. Split  between  Eastern  and  Western  Christianity  

C. Justinian  dies  D. Mongols/Tatars  take  Russia  E. Mongols  kicked  out  of  Russia  F. Russia  adopts  Christianity  

 

   

74. Make an argument for Poland for being a western European country and then make a counter argument for it being an eastern European country.

a.

b.

Conclusion: The End of an Era in Eastern Europe P. 210

75. The chapter concludes by commenting on Russia’s “unusual isolation” following the decline of Byzantium and its subjugation by the Mongols. What long-term effect do you think that isolation had on Russia?

TIMELINE Insert the following events into the timeline.

A. Constantinople taken by Ottoman Turks, ending the Byzantine Empire.

B. Split between Eastern and Western Christianity.

C. Justinian dies.

D. Mongols/Tatars take Russia.

E. Mongols kicked out of Rusia.

F. Russia adopts Christianity.

500 C

E

1000 C

E

1500 C

E